ABSTRACT Swine wastewater (SW) has high organic load, becoming an important source of macro and micronutrients to plants, promoting the improvement of soil quality and development in various cultures. However, when done without agronomic and environmental criteria, it can cause soil problems, nutrient leaching, water resource damage and plant toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil chemical properties and the leachate in face of the association of swine wastewater and mineral fertilization (MF) in oat cultivation. An experiment in drainage lysimeter was carried out, using SW applications associated to MF or not, where treatments consisted of doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 m3ha-1 with the absence or presence of MF, under field conditions. We concluded that swine wastewater provided significant increases in sodium, copper, zinc, and nitrite + nitrate as well as pH and calcium reductions in the soil; and in the leachate, significant increase in sodium. Moreover, the use of mineral fertilizer comprising nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium induced a significant increase in phosphorus, potassium and electrical conductivity and a significant reduction in magnesium in the soil; however, in the leachate, electrical conductivity was increased.

RESUMO A utilização da fauna edáfica como bioindicadora de alterações antrópicas e ambientais vem crescendo nos últimos anos. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos em longo prazo que relacionam esses organismos com aplicação de resíduos orgânicos no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, em dois ciclos da cultura do milho, os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses e tipos de águas residuárias da suinocultura (ARS) combinadas ou não com adubação mineral sobre a meso e a macrofauna de solo. Quatro doses (0; 100; 200 e 300 m3ha-1) de ARS, tratada em biodigestor no primeiro ano de estudo e bruta no segundo ano, associadas ou não com adubação mineral, foram aplicadas em dois ciclos da cultura de milho, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais, sendo 12 com utilização de adubação mineral. Armadilhas de queda foram instaladas em cada uma das parcelas para amostrar a fauna edáfica, sendo os resultados encontrados avaliados por técnicas de estatística multivariada (NMS e Per-MANOVA). A adição de ARS, tanto bruta quanto tratada em biodigestor e de adubação mineral, não influenciou a fauna de solo. Os parâmetros químicos do solo diferenciaram a meso e a macrofauna edáfica somente entre os anos.

ABSTRACT The use of soil fauna as bioindicator of anthropogenic and environmental changes has been growing in recent years. However, there are still few long-term studies relating these organisms to application of organic wastes to the soil. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of swine wastewater (SW) application with or without mineral fertilization on soil meso and macrofauna within two cycles of maize harvest. We used four doses of SW (0, 100, 200, 300 m3ha-1), which was treated in an anaerobic digester in the first year and raw waste thereafter. We performed 24 experimental plots, among which, 12 underwent mineral fertilization. Pitfall traps were set up in each plot to sample soil fauna. Data were analyzed by multivariate techniques as NMS and PERMANOVA. We concluded that SW application, both treated and raw, had no influence on soil fauna, even if mineral fertilizer was or not used. Chemical soil parameters had affected soil meso- and macro-fauna only as years pass.