ABSTRACT To explore the functions of Txnip and its mechanism in adipocyte differentiation, the preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of three-day-old piglets and induced into adipogenic differentiation. The expression of Txnip and ChREBP was silenced, and the Txnip overexpression was achieved in the cells with transfection of the recombinant lentivirus strategies. Txnip silencing promoted the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and PPARγ expression, and a PPARγ inhibitor reduced this facilitation. Instead, Txnip overexpression exerted a suppressive effect on the cell differentiation and PPARγ expression, and the PPARγ agonist offset this inhibition. High glucose stimulated the preadipocyte differentiation and expressions of ChREBP and Txnip. In contrast, Txnip expression was reduced by ChREBP silencing, suggesting glucose-regulated Txnip expression through the mediation of ChREBP. Moreover, the expressions of ChREBP and Glut4 induced by high glucose and glucose uptake of the cells were reduced by Txnip-overexpression, but increased by Txnip silencing, while these changes of Txnip did not alter their expressions under low glucose. Collectively, Txnip could be an inhibitor of porcine preadipocyte differentiation, which attenuated the adipogenesis through the negative feedback regulation on PPARγ. Txnip impaired the induction of glucose on the preadipocyte differentiation through decreasing Glut4 expression and glucose uptake and subsequent decrease of the expression and transcriptional activity of ChREBP. threedayold three day old silenced strategies facilitation Instead inhibition contrast glucoseregulated regulated Moreover Glut Txnipoverexpression, Txnipoverexpression overexpression, Txnip-overexpression Collectively

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were prepared on glass substrate by mid-frequency direct current reactive magnetron sputtering (MF-DC-MS). The influence of surface texture by NH4Cl aqueous solution on the surface morphology, electrical and optical properties of the AZO films was systematically investigated by scanning electron microscope, four-point probe and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, respectively. The results indicate that textured AZO film obtains a better texture surface for light trapping. The reflectivity for textured AZO film decreases drastically in visible light region and the electrical resistivity increases, which can be explained by the textured surface morphology of AZO film. The results above prove that NH4Cl aqueous solution is an appropriate candidate for AZO wet etching because of its easy control and relatively low cost.