ABSTRACT Purpose to verify whether there are differences in acoustic measures and oropharyngeal geometry between healthy individuals and people with Parkinson's disease, according to age and sex, and to investigate whether there are correlations between oropharyngeal geometry measures in this population. Methods 40 individuals participated, 20 with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and 20 healthy individuals, matched by age, sex, and body mass index. Acoustic variables included fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, noise, and mean intensity. Oropharyngeal geometry variables were measured with acoustic pharyngometry. Results geometry variables were smaller in the group with Parkinson's disease, and older adults with Parkinson's disease had a smaller oropharyngeal junction area than healthy older adults. Regarding acoustic parameters of voice, fundamental frequency values were lower in males with Parkinson's disease, and jitter values were higher in the non-elderly subjects with Parkinson's disease. There was a moderate positive correlation between oral cavity length and volume, pharyngeal cavity length and vocal tract length, and pharyngeal cavity volume and vocal tract volume. Conclusion individuals with Parkinson's disease had smaller glottal areas and oropharyngeal junction areas than healthy individuals. When distributed into sex and age groups, the fundamental frequency was lower in males with Parkinson's disease. There was a moderate positive correlation between oropharyngeal length and volume measures in the study sample.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar se existem diferenças nas medidas acústicas e da geometria orofaríngea entre indivíduos hígidos e pessoas com Doença de Parkinson, segundo a idade e sexo e investigar se há correlações entre as medidas geométricas orofaríngeas nessa população. Método participaram 40 indivíduos, sendo 20 com diagnóstico de Doença de Parkinson e 20 indivíduos hígidos, pareados por faixa etária, sexo e índice de massa corporal. As variáveis acústicas estudadas foram frequência fundamental, jitter, shimmer, glottal-to-noise excitation ratio, ruído e média da intensidade. As variáveis geométricas da orofaringe foram aferidas por faringometria acústica. Resultados as variáveis geométricas foram menores no grupo com Doença de Parkinson e os idosos com Doença de Parkinson apresentaram menor área da junção orofaríngea que os idosos hígidos. Com relação aos parâmetros acústicos vocais, o valor da frequência fundamental foi menor no sexo masculino, no grupo com Doença de Parkinson e os valores de jitter foram maiores no grupo não idoso dos sujeitos com Doença de Parkinson. Houve correlação positiva moderada entre o comprimento e volume da cavidade oral, comprimento da cavidade faríngea e o comprimento do trato vocal e do volume da cavidade faríngea e o volume do trato vocal. Conclusão indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson apresentaram menores valores de área glótica e área da junção orofaríngea, comparativamente aos hígidos. Quando distribuídos por faixa etária e sexo, a frequência fundamental foi menor no grupo com doença de Parkinson, na população masculina. Houve correlação positiva moderada entre as medidas de comprimento e volume da orofaringe, na amostra estudada.

ABSTRACT Background: Chagas disease is gaining importance in the Brazilian Amazon region as a differential diagnosis of febrile syndrome. The most recent microoutbreak occurred in Ipixuna, in Amazonas state. Methods: An epidemiological survey was conducted using parasitological and serological tests, and electrocardiographic analysis. Results: The patients belonged to one family and had ingested açaí acquired from Ipixuna. All patients reported fever and initially a thick blood smear test was done to identify Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole treatment was administered to all patients. Conclusions: Knowledge of the epidemiological dynamics of Chagas disease allows us to improve control and management measures for this disease.

ABSTRACT Background: This study is the first report of the species Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus in Roraima, a state in northern Brazil. Methods: We collected specimens from a residence in the municipality of Rorainópolis. Results: Our findings confirmed the occurrence of this species in Roraima, increasing the number of registered species from six to seven. Conclusions: Future studies are required to further investigate and expand our knowledge of the occurrence of this species and its epidemiological importance for this state.

ABSTRACT. The breeding program of Urochloa ruziziensis evaluates many genotypes in initial phases. Evaluations through grades might make the selection less costly. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of visual selection for green biomass yield in relation to different selection strategies, such as mass selection by phenotypic mean, BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) and at random. For this purpose, 2,309 regular genotypes were evaluated in an augmented block design in two cuts. The evaluators gave grades for plant vigor, and later, the plots were measured for green biomass yield. The coincidences of the selected genotypes were estimated by different selection strategies. Then, 254 clones of the genotypes selected in different strategies were evaluated in a clonal test in a triple lattice design in four cuts. The statistical analyses were performed in SAS using the Mixed procedure. The regular genotype level and clone-mean basis heritabilities were 31.16 and 62.91%, respectively, for green mass yield. The expected selection gains were 21.09% (visual), 25.43% (phenotypic mean), and 27.5% (BLUP). Moreover, the realized heritabilities for these strategies were 15.58, 11.87, and 15.86%, respectively, which might be associated with genotype by environment interaction. Therefore, the visual selection could be a useful strategy in initial phases of a U. ruziziensis breeding program because the efficiency was moderate to high in relation to phenotypic mean and BLUP.

Abstract In Brazil, malaria is an important public health problem first reported in 1560. Historically, fluctuations in malaria cases in Brazil are attributed to waves of economic development; construction of railroads, highways, and hydroelectric dams; and population displacement and land occupation policies. Vector control measures have been widely used with an important role in reducing malaria cases. In this review article, we reviewed the vector control measures established in the Brazilian territory and aspects associated with such measures for malaria. Although some vector control measures are routinely used in Brazil, many entomological and effectiveness information still need better evidence in endemic areas where Plasmodium vivax predominates. Herein, we outlined some of the needs and priorities for future research: a) update of the cartography of malaria vectors in Brazil, adding molecular techniques for the correct identification of species and complexes of species; b) evaluation of vector competence of anophelines in Brazil; c) strengthening of local entomology teams to perform vector control measures and interpret results; d) evaluation of vector control measures, especially use of insecticide-treated nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets, estimating their effectiveness, cost-benefit, and population acceptance; e) establishment of colonies of malaria vectors in Brazil, i.e., Anopheles darlingi, to understand parasite-vector interactions better; f) study of new vector control strategies with impacts on non-endophilic vectors; g) estimation of the impact of insecticide resistance in different geographical areas; and h) identification of the relative contribution of natural and artificial breeding sites in different epidemiological contexts for transmission.

The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon), is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF) were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42) were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a necessidade de bordadura e estimar o tamanho ótimo de parcela em experimentos para avaliação de Urochloa ruziziensis. Foram avaliadas a altura das plantas e a produção de massa verde de oito progênies de meio-irmãos de U. ruziziensis, em dois cortes. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas de 16 m². Cada parcela foi subdividida em 32 estratos de 0,5 m², sendo cada estrato considerado como uma unidade básica. Para determinar a necessidade de bordadura, foi realizada análise de variância, tendo-se considerado a posição da unidade básica na parcela. As estimativas do tamanho ótimo da parcela foram realizadas pelo método da máxima curvatura do coeficiente de variação e pelo método da reamostragem. O uso de bordaduras não altera o desempenho médio e a classificação das progênies de meio-irmãos avaliadas. O emprego de parcelas com 3 m² é suficiente para obter boa precisão experimental em experimento com progênies de meio-irmãos de U. ruziziensis.

The objective of this work was to assess the need for a border area and to estimate the optimum plot size in experiments for the evaluation of Urochloa ruziziensis. Plant height and green mass production of eight half-sib progenies of U. ruziziensis were evaluated in two cuttings. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates and 16 m² plots. Each plot was subdivided into 32 strata of 0.5 m², with each stratum being considered as a basic unit. To determine the need for a border area, analysis of variance was carried out considering the position of the basic unit in the plot. Estimates of optimum plot size were made by the maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation method and by the resampling method. The use of borders does not affect the mean performance and classification of the half-sib progenies evaluated. The use of 3 m² plots is enough to obtain good experimental accuracy in an experiment with half-sib progenies of U. ruziziensis.

Na atenção básica, o campo da enfermagem se depara com a complexidade da violência, levando esses profissionais a reavaliarem constantemente seu habitus. OBJETIVO: analisar como os casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes são abordados pela enfermagem, na atenção básica, identificando limites e possibilidades para se lidar com esses casos. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2011, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com 8 dos 48 enfermeiros das Equipes de Saúde da Família, da cidade de Uberaba, MG, e cuja análise seguiu a interpretação dos sentidos, baseada na hermenêutica dialética. RESULTADOS: destacam-se a não identificação da violência como problema do enfermeiro, as denúncias e notificações como função do enfermeiro e os limites encontrados ante as situações de violência. CONCLUSÃO: constata-se que o habitus de enfermagem, voltado para a promoção à saúde e à prevenção das violências deve ser reestruturado, superando o paradigma biomédico e envolvendo ações intersetoriais e multiprofissionais.

In Primary Care, the field of nursing comes face-to-face with the complexity of violence, leading these professionals to constantly re-evaluate their habitus. OBJECTIVE: to analyze how cases of violence against children and adolescents are approached by primary care nurses, identifying limits and possibilities for dealing with these cases. METHOD: a qualitative study, undertaken in 2011, through semi-structured interviews with 8 out of 48 nurses in the Family Health teams in the city of Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, the analysis of which followed the interpretation of meanings, based in dialectical hermeneutics. RESULTS: the following stand out: non-identification of violence as a problem for the nurses; denunciations and notifications as a role of the nurses; and the limits found in the face of violence. CONCLUSION: it is determined that the habitus of nursing directed at health promotion and prevention of violence must be restructured, overcoming the biomedical paradigm and involving intersectorial and multidisciplinary actions.

En la atención primaria, la enfermería se enfrenta a la complejidad de la violencia, teniendo estos profesionales que reevaluar constantemente su habitus. OBJETIVO: analizar cómo los casos de violencia contra niños, niñas y adolescentes son tratados por enfermeras en la atención primaria, la identificación de los límites y las posibilidades de hacer frente a estos casos. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo, realizado en el 2011, con entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 08 de las 48 enfermeras de los Equipos de Salud Familiar de Uberaba-MG y cuyo análisis siguió la interpretación de significados, basado en la hermenéutica dialéctica. RESULTADOS: destaca el hecho de no identificar el problema de la violencia como una enfermera, quejas y notificaciones en función de la enfermera y de los límites que se encuentran en la cara de la violencia. CONCLUSIÓN: el hábito de la enfermería se centró en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la violencia debe ser reestructurada, superando el paradigma biomédico y la participación de la acción multidisciplinaria e intersectorial.

In Primary Care, the field of nursing comes face-to-face with the complexity of violence, leading these professionals to constantly re-evaluate their habitus. OBJECTIVE: to analyze how cases of violence against children and adolescents are approached by primary care nurses, identifying limits and possibilities for dealing with these cases. METHOD: a qualitative study, undertaken in 2011, through semi-structured interviews with 8 out of 48 nurses in the Family Health teams in the city of Uberaba in the state of Minas Gerais, the analysis of which followed the interpretation of meanings, based in dialectical hermeneutics. RESULTS: the following stand out: non-identification of violence as a problem for the nurses; denunciations and notifications as a role of the nurses; and the limits found in the face of violence. CONCLUSION: it is determined that the habitus of nursing directed at health promotion and prevention of violence must be restructured, overcoming the biomedical paradigm and involving intersectorial and multidisciplinary actions.

En la atención primaria, la enfermería se enfrenta a la complejidad de la violencia, teniendo estos profesionales que reevaluar constantemente su habitus. OBJETIVO: analizar cómo los casos de violencia contra niños, niñas y adolescentes son tratados por enfermeras en la atención primaria, la identificación de los límites y las posibilidades de hacer frente a estos casos. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo, realizado en el 2011, con entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 08 de las 48 enfermeras de los Equipos de Salud Familiar de Uberaba-MG y cuyo análisis siguió la interpretación de significados, basado en la hermenéutica dialéctica. RESULTADOS: destaca el hecho de no identificar el problema de la violencia como una enfermera, quejas y notificaciones en función de la enfermera y de los límites que se encuentran en la cara de la violencia. CONCLUSIÓN: el hábito de la enfermería se centró en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la violencia debe ser reestructurada, superando el paradigma biomédico y la participación de la acción multidisciplinaria e intersectorial.

Na atenção básica, o campo da enfermagem se depara com a complexidade da violência, levando esses profissionais a reavaliarem constantemente seu habitus. OBJETIVO: analisar como os casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes são abordados pela enfermagem, na atenção básica, identificando limites e possibilidades para se lidar com esses casos. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2011, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com 8 dos 48 enfermeiros das Equipes de Saúde da Família, da cidade de Uberaba, MG, e cuja análise seguiu a interpretação dos sentidos, baseada na hermenêutica dialética. RESULTADOS: destacam-se a não identificação da violência como problema do enfermeiro, as denúncias e notificações como função do enfermeiro e os limites encontrados ante as situações de violência. CONCLUSÃO: constata-se que o habitus de enfermagem, voltado para a promoção à saúde e à prevenção das violências deve ser reestruturado, superando o paradigma biomédico e envolvendo ações intersetoriais e multiprofissionais.

The biological activity of seven extracts from leaves of different Jatropha curcas L (Euphorbiaceae) accessions was evaluated on Spodoptera frugiperda. Methanol extracts were incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larval stage of S. frugiperda. The parameters evaluated were length of larval and pupal stages, mortality of larval and total cycle stage, and weight of pupae. The extracts of the EMB accessions showed the best result for larval mortality at 60.00 and 56.67%, compared with the control, respectively. Hexane partition of the methanol extract of the leaves of PM-14 accessions allowed the identification of phytosterols, phytol and n-alkanols.

O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, sendo os frutos colhidos em araçazeiros de seis anos, crescidos no pomar da EMBRAPA- Clima Temperado. O objetivo foi determinar a composição química, a eficiência de conversão da glicose em novos compostos e a estimativa da respiração de crescimento de araçá ao longo da ontogenia do fruto. Os teores de macronutrientes decresceram ao longo do desenvolvimento do fruto. Os conteúdos de amido, carboidratos solúveis totais, açúcares redutores, lipídeos e ácidos orgânicos aumentaram, enquanto os teores de proteína e os componentes da parede celular diminuíram com a idade do fruto de araçá, principalmente na fase de maturação. Os carboidratos foram os maiores componentes orgânicos, fazendo com que o custo da respiração do fruto fosse baixo. O araçá foi eficiente na conversão de glicose em outros compostos orgânicos. O coeficiente de respiração de crescimento decresceu com a idade do fruto. A taxa de respiração de crescimento incrementou até a metade do período de crescimento acelerado do fruto.

The experiment was carried out under field conditions, where the fruits were harvest in Brazilian guava trees with six years old, growing on orchard of EMBRAPA- Temperate weather. The aim of the research was to determine the chemical composition, the efficiency of glucose conversion in new compounds and growth respiration estimate of the fruits during its ontogeny. The macronutrients content decreased with fruit development cycle. The contents of starch, total soluble sugars, reduced sugars, lipids and organic acids augmented as the fruits aged, while the protein contents and the components of cell wall decreased during fruit ontogeny, with strong accumulation during ripening. The carbohydrates were the major organic compounds, determining low cost of fruit respiration. The Brazilian guava showed to be an efficient fruit on glucose conversion in other organic compounds. The respiratory coefficient decreased as the fruit aged. The growth respiration rate increased until the middle of accelerate growth phase of the fruit.

Os autores relatam 16 casos de pacientes com forma meningomielorradicular da neuroesquistossomose mansônica, diagnosticados segundo critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Neurologia-HUPES-UFBA no período de abril/91 a dezembro/93. Eles foram tratados com praziquantel associado a corticoterapia. O objetivo foi avaliar o grau de eficácia e de segurança da droga na regressão dos sinais e sintomas neurológicos.

The authors report 16 patients bearing the meningomyeloradicular form of Mansonic neuroschistosomiasis diagnosed according to clinical, laboratorial and image criteria. Patients have been observed at the Neurology Ambulatory of the Federal University of Bahia, within the period of April/91 to December/93. They have been treated with praziquantel, associated to corticosteroids. The aim has been to evaluate the drug's efficiency and safety in decreasing the neurological signs and symptoms.