Abstract The improper disposal of this waste poses environmental challenges, which can be addressed through effective reuse strategies. This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing marine shell waste as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete. The research involves investigating the physical characteristics of the recycled aggregate using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques to elucidate the contact surface with the paste. Additionally, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are analyzed through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction tests. The compressive strength test is conducted on concrete samples to assess the performance of these materials as both aggregate (shell type A) and filler (shell type B). The findings indicate that replacing up to 20% of marine shells as coarse aggregate and 10% as filler demonstrates feasibility for applications in structural concrete. Furthermore, up to 30% replacement can be directed towards non-structural concrete, providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of marine shell residues in concrete production.

Resumo As atividades de mariscagem e malacocultura produzem uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos compostos por conchas marinhas. O impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado pode ser atenuado com estratégias de reaproveitamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a viabilidade do uso de resíduo de conchas marinhas com substituintes parciais de agregados no concreto. As características físicas do agregado reciclado foram investigadas através das técnicas de Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) a fim de esclarecer aspectos da superfície de contato com a pasta; as características químicas e mineralógicas foram investigadas por meio dos ensaios de fluorescência de raios-X e difração de raios-X; e o ensaio de resistência à compressão foi conduzido em amostras de concreto foram moldadas para avaliação do comportamento destes materiais do comportamento destes materiais como agregado (concha tipo A) e fíler (concha tipo B). Concluiu-se que o uso de até 20% de substituição de concha marinha como agregado graúdo e 10% como filer mostrou viabilidade para aplicações em concretos estruturais e, de forma complementar, teores de até 30% podem ser direcionados à concretos não estruturais.

Abstract Systemic Arterial Hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition associated with severe outcomes such as stroke and death. One of the main modifiable risk factor for hypertension is an unhealthy diet, often characterized by the consumption of ultraprocessed foods such as sweetened beverages. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of sweetened beverages, both sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened, and the prevalence of hypertension in adults. A cross-sectional, household, population-based study with 1,162 adults from two Brazilian cities were carried out. The consumption of food groups and sweetened beverages was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and other data were self-reported. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. The association between sweetened beverages consumption and hypertension was analyzed using Poisson regression models, expressed as Prevalence Ratio. The prevalence of hypertension was 16.7%, with no significant difference between genders. The prevalence of consumption of sweetened beverages was 70.3% in men and 54.6% in women, being significantly higher in men. Women who consumed sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages 6 to 7 days per week had 92% higher prevalence of hypertension compared to those who did not consume or consumed at a lower frequency. Furthermore, women who consumed artificially sweetened beverages at least 1 time per week had 3.36 times higher prevalence of hypertension. The habitual consumption of sweetened beverages may be an important risk factor for hypertension, especially the consumption of diet beverages, which are often marketed as healthier than sugar-sweetened beverages.

Resumen La Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica es una condición clínica multifactorial asociada a resultados graves como el ictus y la muerte. Uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables de la hipertensión es una dieta poco saludable, a menudo caracterizada por el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados como las bebidas endulzadas. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la relación entre el consumo de bebidas endulzadas, tanto azucaradas como edulcoradas artificialmente, y la prevalencia de hipertensión en adultos. Se realizó un estudio transversal, domiciliario y poblacional con 1,162 adultos de dos ciudades brasileñas. El consumo de grupos de alimentos y bebidas endulzadas se obtuvo mediante cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y los demás datos fueron autoinformados. Se midieron el peso, la talla y el perímetro de la cintura. La asociación entre el consumo de bebidas endulzadas y la hipertensión se analizó mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson, expresados como Ratio de Prevalencia. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue del 16,7%, sin diferencias significativas entre géneros. La prevalencia de consumo de bebidas endulzadas fue del 70,3% en los hombres y del 54,6% en las mujeres, siendo significativamente mayor en los hombres. Las mujeres que consumían bebidas azucaradas y edulcoradas artificialmente entre 6 y 7 días a la semana tenían 92% mayor prevalencia de hipertensión que las que no consumían o consumían con una frecuencia menor. Además, las mujeres que consumían bebidas edulcoradas al menos 1 vez por semana tenían una prevalencia de hipertensión 3,36 veces mayor. Así pues, el consumo habitual de bebidas endulzadas puede ser un importante factor de riesgo de hipertensión, especialmente el consumo de bebidas dietéticas, que a menudo se comercializan como más saludables que las bebidas azucaradas.

Abstract Analytical and computational calibrations and subsequent parametric analyses were performed on the four UHPFRC beams under flexure to estimate their actual shear strength. The computational models were calibrated using different values for the CDP parameters, and a finite element mesh sensitivity study was conducted. These models predicted the experimental behavior satisfactorily, and the analytical model was also able to find the beams’ failure loads and proved to be a simple tool to estimate their behavior. The parametric analysis showed that the current beams did not require stirrups once the UHPFRC had high shear strength, and the maximum shear capacity was accurately determined.

Resumen Objetivo Proponer un diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores, basado en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Métodos La elaboración del diagrama se basó en el modelo de Nola Pender y sus elementos. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio de revisión integradora con el objetivo de recopilar datos sobre características y experiencias individuales, sentimientos y conocimientos y adopción de un comportamiento saludable para la prevención de caídas. Después de recopilar la información, se realizó un análisis de similitud de los estudios seleccionados mediante IRaMuTeQ. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud permitieron agrupar los estudios respecto a los elementos encontrados y, de esta forma, proporcionaron la organización del diagrama de prevención de caídas. Resultados La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 54 artículos, divididos de acuerdo con los elementos del modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordaban características y experiencias individuales, 40 sentimientos y conocimientos y 20 eran sobre el comportamiento. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud generaron un conjunto semántico de palabras más frecuentes: caída, prevención, mujer y miedo. Por otro lado, las palabras menos frecuentes fueron: cognición, autoeficacia, transporte y planificación, que contribuyeron para la elaboración del diagrama. Conclusión A partir de la revisión, se elaboró un diagrama que favoreció la identificación de los factores personales, barreras y facilidades para un comportamiento conveniente en la prevención de caídas.

Resumo Objetivo Propor um diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas, baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Métodos A construção do diagrama foi embasada no modelo de Nola Pender e em seus elementos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de coletar dados sobre características e experiências individuais, sentimentos e conhecimentos e adoção de comportamento saudável para prevenção de quedas. Após a coleta dessas informações, realizou-se análise de similitude dos estudos selecionados por meio do IRaMuTeQ. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude facilitaram o agrupamento dos estudos quanto aos elementos encontrados e, assim, proporcionaram a organização do diagrama de prevenção de quedas. Resultados A amostra final foi constituída de 54 artigos, divididos de acordo com os elementos do modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordavam características e experiências individuais, 40 sentimentos e conhecimentos, e 20 eram referentes ao comportamento. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude geraram um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes: queda, prevenção, mulher e medo. Já as palavras menos frequentes foram cognição, autoeficácia, transporte e planejamento, os quais contribuíram para a construção do diagrama. Conclusão A partir da revisão, elaborou-se um diagrama, que favoreceu a identificação dos fatores pessoais, barreiras e facilidades, para um comportamento desejável à prevenção de quedas.

Abstract Objective To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model. Methods Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender’s model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender’s model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction. Conclusion From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

Abstract The emergence of civil associations in favor of cannabis began in the 2010s. Faced with the inertia of the State, these organizations have acted in the reception, support, information, training, and facilitation of access for patients and their families to the medicine produced from marijuana, a prohibited substance in Brazil. This study aims to analyze how cannabis activism promoted by Brazilian associations is based on scientific knowledge or knowledge acquired through the experience of members. The methodology included interviews with participants from the ACuCa, Ama+me, and Apepi associations, as well as the Content Analysis of the profiles of these institutions on Instagram. It was found that cannabis activism on Instagram is similar to that practiced in person; however, activism on social media prioritizes the dissemination of knowledge through information and training of its followers, being careful to treat the content in order to suit the guidelines of the platform. In addition, the main lines of action of cannabis associations (reception and distribution of medicinal oils) appear in a veiled way in the publications, most of which occur through private conversations in the media with the associations.

Resumo O surgimento de associações civis em prol da cannabis se iniciou na década de 2010. Diante da inércia do Estado, essas organizações têm atuado no acolhimento, apoio, informação, capacitação e facilitação do acesso de pacientes e familiares a medicamento produzido à base de maconha, substância proibida no Brasil. Este estudo visa analisar como o ativismo canábico promovido pelas associações brasileiras se fundamenta em conhecimentos científicos ou adquiridos pela vivência dos associados. A metodologia englobou entrevistas com participantes das associações ACuCa, Ama+me e Apepi e análise de conteúdo dos perfis dessas instituições no Instagram. Verificou-se que o ativismo canábico no Instagram apresenta semelhanças com aquele praticado presencialmente, no entanto, o ativismo nas mídias sociais prioriza a divulgação do conhecimento pela informação e capacitação de seus seguidores, tendo o cuidado de tratar o conteúdo para se adequar às diretrizes da plataforma. Além disso, as principais linhas de atuação do associativismo canábico (acolhimento e distribuição de óleos medicinais) aparecem de forma velada nas publicações, sendo que em sua maioria ocorrem em conversas privadas nos meios de comunicação com as associações.

ABSTRACT Aiming at the search for a new alternative for the sustainability of the properties in the irrigated areas of the Brazilian Northeast, the objective of this study was to identify the ideal irrigation system and depth for a better yield and quality of pear fruits in the Sub-middle São Francisco region. The experiment was conducted in the commercial orchard of the Frutos do Sol farm, located in the municipality of Petrolina, PE, Brazil, from October 2016 to November 2017. The treatments consisted of four irrigation depths (60; 80; 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc), under two irrigation systems (drip and micro-sprinkler), in two crop cycles of ‘Triunfo’ pear. Yield, average fruit weight, water productivity, pulp firmness and titratable acidity, total soluble solids and lightness of the fruits were analyzed. Irrigation depths of 96.04% and 94.84% ETc promote, respectively, the highest marketable yields for the first (43.48 t ha-1) and second (26.55 t ha-1) cycle of ‘Triunfo’ pear in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Drip irrigation system in the warmer period promotes higher yield. The cultivation of ‘Triunfo’ pear irrigated by drip and micro-sprinkler promotes fruits with good commercial quality in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

RESUMO Visando a busca de uma nova alternativa para sustentabilidade das propriedades dos polos irrigados do Nordeste brasileiro, objetivou-se com este estudo identificar o sistema e a lâmina de irrigação ideal para uma melhor produtividade e qualidade dos frutos da pereira, no Submédio São Francisco. O experimento foi conduzido no pomar comercial da fazenda Frutos do Sol, localizado no município de Petrolina - PE, no período de outubro de 2016 a novembro de 2017. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro lâminas de irrigação (60; 80; 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc), sob dois sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento e microaspersão), em dois ciclos de cultivos da pereira ‘Triunfo’. Analisou-se a produtividade, peso médio dos frutos, produtividade de água, bem como a firmeza de polpa e a acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e luminosidade dos frutos. As lâminas de irrigação de 96,04% e 94,84% da ETc proporcionam, respectivamente, as maiores produtividades comerciais para o primeiro (43,48 t ha-1) e segundo (26,55 t ha-1) ciclo de cultivo da pereira ‘Triunfo’ no Semiárido brasileiro. O sistema de irrigação por gotejamento no período mais quente proporciona maior produtividade. O cultivo da pereira ‘Triunfo’ irrigada por gotejamento e microaspersão proporcionam frutos com boa qualidade comercial no Semiárido brasileiro.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of irrigation systems and water depths on physiological, biochemical and production processes of pear trees grown in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with 2 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two irrigation systems (drip and microsprinkler) and four irrigation depths (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the crop evapotranspiration - ETc), with four replicates. Water deficit and excess applied to plants are harmful to gas exchange as well as to biosynthesis and accumulation of carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins in leaves, compromising the cultivation cycle of pear plants grown in the Sub-Middle São Francisco region. The irrigation depth of 91.8% ETc promotes the highest production of pear (18.49 kg plant-1) under drip and microsprinkler irrigation systems, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Sub-Middle São Francisco region.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de sistemas de irrigação e lâminas de irrigação sobre processos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e produtivos da pereira cultivada no Semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento e microaspersão) e quatro lâminas de irrigação (60; 80; 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc), com quatro repetições. A deficiência e o excesso hídrico aplicados às plantas são prejudiciais às trocas gasosas, bem como à biossíntese e acúmulo de carboidratos, aminoácidos e proteínas nas folhas, comprometendo o ciclo de cultivo de pereiras cultivadas na região do Submédio São Francisco. A lâmina de irrigação de 91,8% ETc promove a maior produção de pereira (18,49 kg planta-1) sob sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento e microaspersão, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Submédio São Francisco.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of polymorphisms on genes encoding type I collagen and the genetic susceptibility of tendinopathy. Methodology Case-control study involving 242 Brazilian athletes from different sports modalities (55 cases of tendinopathy and 187 controls). The polymorphisms COLIAI (rs1107946) and COLIA2 (rs412777, rs42524, and rs2621215) were analyzed by theTaqMansystem. Odds ratio(OR)withtheir 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a nonconditional logistic regression model. Results The mean age was 24.0 ± 5.6 years old and 65.3% were men. Of the 55 cases of tendinopathy, 25.4% had > 1 affected tendon, the most frequent being patellar (56.3%), rotator cuff (30.9%) and elbow or hand flexors (30.9%). Age and amount of time of sports practice were associated with a higher chance of presenting tendinopathy (5 and 8 times, respectively). The frequency of variant alleles in control and case patients, respectively, was: COLIAI rs1107946 24.0 and 29.6%; COLIA2 rs412777 36.1 and 27.8%; rs42524 17.5 and 25.9%; and rs2621215 21.3 and 27.8%. After adjusting for confounding factors (age and years of sports practice), COLIA2 rs42524and rs2621215 polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of tendinopathy (OR = 5.5; 95% CI = 1.2-24.6 and OR = 3.9; IC95% = 1.1-13.5, respectively). The haplotype COLIA2 CGT was associated with low risk for disease development (OR = 0.5; 95%CI = 0.3-0.9). Conclusion Age (≥ 25 years old), time of sports practice (≥ 6years) and polymorphisms in the COLIA2 gene increased the risk of developing tendinopathy.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a influência de polimorfismos nos genes que codificam o colágeno tipo I e a suscetibilidade genética da tendinopatia. Metodologia Estudo caso-controle envolvendo 242 atletas brasileiros de diferentes modalidades esportivas (55 casos de tendinopatia e 187 controles). Os polimorfismos COL1A1 (rs1107946) e COL1A2 (rs412777, rs42524 e rs2621215) foram analisados pelo sistema TaqMan. As razões de chance (OR) com seus intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% foram calculadas usando um modelo de regressão logística não-condicional. Resultados A média de idade foi de 24,0 ± 5,6 anos e 65,3% eram homens. Dos 55 casos de tendinopatia, 25,4% apresentaram mais de um tendão acometido, sendo os maisfrequentesopatelar(56,3%),omanguitorotador(30,9%)eodocotoveloou flexores das mãos (30,9%). A idade e o tempo de prática esportiva foram associados a uma maior chance de apresentar tendinopatia (5 e 8 vezes, respectivamente). A frequência dos alelos variantes nos controles e casos, respectivamente, foi: COL1A1 rs1107946 24,0 e 29,6%; COL1A2 rs412777 36,1 e 27,8%; rs42524 17,5 e 25,9%; e rs2621215 21,3 e 27,8%. Após ajuste pelos fatores de confundimento (idade e anos de práticas esportiva), os polimorfismos COL1A2 rs42524 e rs2621215 foram associados a um risco aumentado de tendinopatia (OR = 5,5; IC95% = 1,2-24,6 e OR = 3,9; IC95% = 1,1-13,5, respectivamente). O haplótipo COL1A2 CGT foi associado a um baixo risco para desenvolvimento da doença (OR = 0,5; IC95% = 0,3-0,9). Conclusão Aidade (> 25 anos), o tempo de prática esportiva (> 6 anos) e polimorfismos no gene COL1A2 aumentaram o risco de desenvolvimento da tendino-patia.

Abstract Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4%). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.

Resumo Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4%). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.

ABSTRACT We characterized the surf-zone fish assemblage structure of an ocean beach on the central coast of Brazil (Guriri Beach, Espírito Santo) and assessed its diel variability. Like the entire Espírito Santo coast, Guriri Beach was also affected by ore tailings from the Fundão dam, which collapsed on November 5, 2015. Monthly samplings were carried out before the dam collapse along a year cycle (May 2013-April 2014), during the day and night in the neap tide, using a beach seine. A total of 2217 specimens were caught (1017 during the day and 1200 at night), distributed in 36 fish species and 20 families. Juveniles of the kingcroaker Menticirrhus spp., great pompano Trachinotus goodei, Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, littlescale threadfin Polydactylus oligodon, and Atlantic sabretooth anchovy Lycengraulis grossidens dominated the fish fauna, accounting for 84% of the total capture. The fish assemblage structure changed irregularly between day and night throughout the year. P. oligodon and Menticirrhus spp. were more abundant at night, whereas T. carolinus and L. grossidens were more abundant during the day. In most cases, no significant change was detected in fish abundance and richness between the day and night; when significant differences were detected, abundance and richness were higher at night. Our findings could support a monitoring program of the local surf-zone fish fauna and serve as before-impact data, allowing more accurate quantification of the ore tailings' impacts on the local fish biodiversity.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in stress levels, social behavior, dietary and parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, among other conditions perceived by dental students in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the correlations between stress level and other variables. METHODS An online questionnaire was developed and validated. Undergraduates enrolled in private and public dental schools were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected on the perceived changes regarding stress levels, financial and social characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, and parafunctional habits. Quantitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Wilcoxon test evaluated comparisons between perceived changes, and correlations between changes in stress levels and other variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 638 dental students, mean age of 22.95 ± 4.10 years, participated in the study. During the pandemic, the reported stress levels increased while household income decreased (p < 0.05). Late dinners and mindless eating increased in frequency, whereas oral hygiene decreased (p < 0.05). Most of the health conditions and parafunctional habits assessed changed (p < 0.05). Perceived stress levels showed poor negative correlations with household income (rS = −0.14), poor positive correlations with the pressure to contribute financially in the household (rS = 0.19), and poor positive correlations with food choice frequency (rS = 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dental students reported perceived changes in stress levels, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, parafunctional habits, and social behavior. Moreover, the results showed poor correlations, as students with higher stress levels tended to have the lowest household income, feel pressured to contribute financially in the household, and present a high meal intake frequency.

Resumo: O objetivo desta comunicação é relatar análises sobre a distribuição global das instituições envolvidas em ensaios clínicos relacionados às vacinas de COVID-19 até fevereiro de 2022. Obtivemos dados globais da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o desenvolvimento de vacinas. Isso nos permitiu identificar as instituições de projetos e traçar as suas coordenadas geográficas. Produzimos um mapa georreferenciado usando a linguagem de programação R e, a partir da localização geográfica dos desenvolvedores de vacinas, analisamos a distribuição subcontinental dos ensaios clínicos e a natureza das vacinas testadas. Regionalmente, os países do Sul-Sudeste Asiático realizaram proporcionalmente mais ensaios clínicos do que qualquer outra região, embora isso tenha acontecido para tecnologias maduras. Poucos ensaios estavam em fase de implementação na América Latina e na África. Nossos achados confirmam estudos anteriores sobre a concentração regional no desenvolvimento de tecnologia. No entanto, a nossa contribuição está em demonstrar esses fenômenos para vacinas contra a COVID-19 em subcontinentes e tecnologias específicas em nível nacional. Os nossos dados ressaltam quais subcontinentes realizam muito poucos ensaios clínicos para COVID-19 e parecem estar mal preparados para futuros surtos de doenças e no caso de esses se tornarem epidemias ou mesmo pandemias e exigirem desenvolvimento ou produção de vacinas domésticas. Consideramos também o caso do Brasil, que não encerrou o ciclo completo de desenvolvimento da vacina contra a COVID-19 no período indicado; mas, com políticas favoráveis, tem potencial para se envolver ainda mais na tecnologia de vacinas contra a COVID-19.

Resumen: El propósito de este texto es reportar un análisis sobre la distribución global de instituciones involucradas en ensayos clínicos relacionados con vacunas del COVID-19 hasta febrero de 2022. Se recogieron datos globales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre el desarrollo de vacunas; lo que se pudo identificar las instituciones del proyecto y rastrear sus coordenadas geográficas. Se elaboró un mapa georreferenciado utilizando el lenguaje de programación R y, a partir de la ubicación geográfica de los desarrolladores de vacunas, se analizó la distribución subcontinental de los ensayos clínicos y la naturaleza de las vacunas probadas. A nivel regional, los países del Sur Sureste Asiático llevaron a cabo proporcionalmente más ensayos clínicos que cualquier otra región, aunque esto se realizó con tecnologías consolidadas. Se registraron pocos ensayos en la etapa de implementación en América Latina y África. Los hallazgos confirman los estudios previos sobre la concentración regional en el desarrollo tecnológico. Sin embargo, permiten un aporte al demostrar estos fenómenos para vacunas contra el COVID-19 en subcontinentes y tecnologías específicas a nivel nacional. Los datos revelan los subcontinentes que realizan pocos ensayos clínicos para el COVID-19 y que no parecen estar bien preparados para futuros brotes de enfermedades, en caso de que se conviertan en epidemias o incluso pandemias, requiriendo el desarrollo o la producción de vacunas nacionales. Se considera también el caso de Brasil, que no completó el ciclo completo de desarrollo de la vacuna contra el COVID-19 en el periodo señalado; pero, con políticas favorables, tiene el potencial de involucrarse aún más en la tecnología de la vacuna del COVID-19.

Abstract: This study aims to report analyses regarding the global distribution of institutions involved in clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines throughout February 2022. We retrieved global data from the World Health Organization report on vaccine development. These data allowed us to identify project institutions and plot their geographic coordinates. We produced a georeferenced map using an R programming environment and, based on the geographical location of vaccine developers, we analyzed the subcontinental distribution of clinical trials and the nature of the vaccines. Regionally, South-Southeast Asian countries carried out more clinical trials than any other region, proportionally, although this happened solely for mature technologies. Few trials were under implementation in Latin America and Africa. Our findings confirm previous studies on the regional concentration in the development of technology. However, our contribution lies in showing these phenomena for COVID-19 vaccines in specific subcontinents and technologies, at a country level. Our data underscores which subcontinents perform very few clinical trials for COVID-19 and seem to be ill-prepared for future disease outbreaks, and if these become epidemics or even pandemics and require domestic vaccine development or production. We also consider the case of Brazil, which did not finish the complete cycle of COVID-19 vaccine development in the indicated period; but, with favorable policies, it has potential to engage further in COVID-19 vaccine technology.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics associated with sarcopenia in elders in Primary Health Care Units. Methods: cross-sectional study with 384 elders. To evaluate sarcopenia, we measured: strength and muscle mass, and physical performance. The elderly were classified as having: probable sarcopenia; sarcopenia; or severe sarcopenia. The chi-squared test and the multinomial logistic regression method were used. Results: the prevalence of probable sarcopenia was 25.52%; of sarcopenia, 11.98%; and of severe sarcopenia, 9.90%. Probable sarcopenia is 1.75 times more prevalent in men; osteoporosis is 2.16 times more prevalent in people with severe sarcopenia; polypharmacy is 1.57 times more likely in individuals with probable sarcopenia; and calf circumference below 31 cm is 2.24 times more likely in patients with sarcopenia and 2.19 times more likely in patients with severe sarcopenia. Conclusions: the highest prevalence was of probable sarcopenia, and the characteristics associated with sarcopenia were sex, osteoporosis, polypharmacy, overweight, obesity, and calf circumference.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar prevalencia y características relacionadas a la sarcopenia en personas ancianas de Unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 384 personas ancianas. Para evaluación de sarcopenia, medidos: fuerza y masa muscular, desempeño físico. Clasificadas personas ancianas con: sarcopenia probable; sarcopenia; y sarcopenia grave. Analizado con prueba chi cuadrado y método de regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la prevalencia de probable sarcopenia fue de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; y sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Hombres son 1,75 vez más prevalentes en individuos con probable sarcopenia; osteoporosis es 2,16 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia grave; polifarmacia, 1,57 vez más prevalente en la probable sarcopenia; circunferencia de los gemelos menor que 31 cm es 2,24 veces más prevalente en la sarcopenia y 2,19 veces en la sarcopenia grave. Conclusiones: Hubo mayor prevalencia de probable sarcopenia, y las características relacionadas a la sarcopenia fueron: sexo, osteoporosis, polifarmacia, sobrepeso, obesidad y circunferencia de los gemelos.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características associadas à sarcopenia em pessoas idosas de Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 384 pessoas idosas. Para avaliação de sarcopenia, mediu-se: força e massa muscular, desempenho físico. Classificaram se pessoas idosas com: sarcopenia provável; sarcopenia; e sarcopenia grave. Analisou-se com teste de qui quadrado e método de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a prevalência de provável sarcopenia foi de 25,52%; sarcopenia, 11,98%; e sarcopenia grave, 9,90%. Homens são 1,75 vez mais prevalentes em indivíduos com provável sarcopenia; osteoporose é 2,16 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia grave; polifarmácia, 1,57 vez mais prevalente na provável sarcopenia; circunferência da panturrilha menor que 31 cm é 2,24 vezes mais prevalente na sarcopenia e 2,19 vezes na sarcopenia grave. Conclusões: houve maior prevalência de provável sarcopenia, e as características associadas à sarcopenia foram: sexo, osteoporose, polifarmácia, sobrepeso, obesidade e circunferência da panturrilha.

Abstract Central blood pressure (cBP) is considered an independent predictor of organ damage, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Evidence has shown that high intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and vascular function. However, the effects of these aerobic training modalities on cBP have not yet been properly reviewed.This meta-analysis aims to investigate to effects of HIIT versus MICT on cBP.We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared HIIT versus MICT on cBP. Primary outcomes were measures of central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and central diastolic blood pressure (cDBP). Peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (pDBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were analyzed as second outcomes. Meta-analysis of mean differences (MD) was conducted using the random effects model.Our study included 163 patients enrolled in six trials. We found that HIIT was superior to MICT in reducing the cSBP (MD = -3.12 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.75 to -1.50, p = 0.0002) and SBP (MD = -2.67 mmHg, 95% CI: -5.18 to -0.16, p = 0.04), and increasing VO2max(MD = 2.49 mL/kg/min, 95% CI: 1.25 to 3.73, p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were reported for cDBP, DBP and PWV.HIIT was superior to MICT in reducing the cSBP, which suggests its potential role as a non-pharmacological therapy for high blood pressure.

Resumo A pressão arterial central (PAc) é considerada um preditor independente de lesão de órgão, eventos cardiovasculares e mortalidade por todas as causas. Evidências mostram que o treino intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT) é superior ao treino contínuo de intensidade moderada (MICT) na melhoria da aptidão cardiorrespiratória e da função vascular. No entanto, os efeitos dessas modalidades de treino aeróbico sobre a PAc não foram propriamente revisados. Esta metanálise tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos do HIIT versus MICT sobre a PAc.Conduzimos uma metanálise de ensaios controlados randomizados que compararam HIIT versus MICT sobre a PAc. Os desfechos primários foram Pressão Arterial Sistólica (PAS) central (PASc) e Pressão Arterial Diastólica central (PADc). A PAS periférica (PASp), a PAD periférica (PADp), a Velocidade de Onda de Pulso (VOP) e a captação máxima de oxigênio (VO2max) foram analisadas como desfechos secundários. A metanálise das diferenças médias (DM) foi conduzida usando modelos de efeitos aleatórios.Nosso estudo incluiu 163 pacientes recrutados em seis ensaios. Encontramos que HIIT foi superior ao MICT em reduzir PASc (DM = -3,12 mmHg, IC95% -4,75 – 1,50, p = 0,0002) e PAS (DM = -2,67 mmHg, IC95% -5,18 – -0,16, p = 0,04) e aumentar VO2max (DM = 2,49 mL/Kg/min, IC95% 1,25 – 3,73, p = 0,001). No entanto, não foram relatadas diferenças quanto à PADc, PAD ou VOP. O HIIT foi superior ao MICT em reduzir PASc, sugerindo seu potencial papel como uma terapia não farmacológica para a pressão arterial elevada.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in stress levels, social behavior, dietary and parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, among other conditions perceived by dental students in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the correlations between stress level and other variables. METHODS An online questionnaire was developed and validated. Undergraduates enrolled in private and public dental schools were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected on the perceived changes regarding stress levels, financial and social characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, and parafunctional habits. Quantitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Wilcoxon test evaluated comparisons between perceived changes, and correlations between changes in stress levels and other variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 638 dental students, mean age of 22.95 ± 4.10 years, participated in the study. During the pandemic, the reported stress levels increased while household income decreased (p < 0.05). Late dinners and mindless eating increased in frequency, whereas oral hygiene decreased (p < 0.05). Most of the health conditions and parafunctional habits assessed changed (p < 0.05). Perceived stress levels showed poor negative correlations with household income (rS = −0.14), poor positive correlations with the pressure to contribute financially in the household (rS = 0.19), and poor positive correlations with food choice frequency (rS = 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dental students reported perceived changes in stress levels, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, parafunctional habits, and social behavior. Moreover, the results showed poor correlations, as students with higher stress levels tended to have the lowest household income, feel pressured to contribute financially in the household, and present a high meal intake frequency.