Resumen: El Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) es una escala que estima el riesgo de mortalidad en niños ingresados a Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UCIP) en la primera hora del ingreso. Objetivo: validar la escala PIM3 en población pediátrica que ingresa a UCIP en alturas sobre los 2.500 metros sobre el nivel del mar (m.s.n.m.), y evaluar si el lactato y el índice Saturación de Oxígeno/Fracción inspirada de oxígeno (SpO2/FiO2) mejoran su capacidad de predicción de mortalidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico realizado en diez UCIP de Colombia entre noviembre de 2016 y junio de 2017. Se recolectaron variables para cálculo del PIM3, lactato sérico y el índice SpO2/FiO2. Se validó su capacidad de discriminación con el área bajo la curva ROC y la calibración mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer Lemeshow. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2.803 registros de admisiones, con una mortalidad global de 4,8%, y razón estandarizada de mortalidad de 1,1 (IC95%; 1,00-1,3). El PIM3 mostró una baja calibración (p < 0,001) y una adecuada discriminación para la población aplicada (ROC 0,84; IC95% 0,83-0,86). La adición de lactato sérico y SpO2/ FiO2 permitieron una buena calibración (p = 0,75), y mantuvo una alta discriminación de mortalidad (ROC 0,86; IC95% 0,84-0,87). Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la escala PIM3 tiene adecuada discriminación, pero una baja calibración en niños admitidos a UCIP sobre los 2500 m.s.n.m.. Las variables lactato y SpO2/FiO2 mejoraron su habilidad predictiva.

Abstract: The Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) is a scale that estimates the risk of mortality in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) within the first hour of admission. Objective: to validate the PIM3 scale in pediatric population admitted to PICU at altitudes over 2,500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), and to evaluate whether lactate and the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) index improve its ability to predict mortality. Patients and Method: A prospective multicenter study was carried out in 10 PICUs in Colombia between November 2016 and June 2017. Variables were collected for the calculation of PIM3, serum lactate, and SpO2/FiO2 index. Their discrimination capacity was validated with the area under the ROC curve and calibration using the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: 2,803 admissions were included, with an overall mortality of 4.8% and a standardized mortality ratio of 1.1 (95%CI 1.00-1.3). PIM3 showed low calibration (p < 0.001) and adequate discrimination for the studied population (ROC 0.84; 95%CI 0.83-0.86). The addition of serum lactate and SpO2/FiO2 allowed a good calibration (p = 0.75) and maintained a high discrimination of mortality (ROC 0.86; 95%CI 0.84-0.87). Conclusions: The performance of the PIM3 scale has adequate discrimination, but low calibration in children admitted to PICU at above 2500 m. a. s. l. Lactate and SpO2/FiO2 variables improved its predictive ability.

Abstract Objective: This research sought to understand how social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted physical activity levels and mental well-being. Methods: The study included 511 people from 19 Uruguayan states who participated in the study, 69.1% of whom were female and aged between 18 and 24 (43.4%). Participants answered an online questionnaire containing questions about fatigue, PA level before and after the pandemic onset, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, time spent in front of screens and number of people they kept in touch with. The information was kept anonymous and confidential, with no questions that could identify the participants. The survey was conducted during the period of social distancing, remaining available for one month and 12 days. Results: The results showed an increase in physical inactivity and a negative impact on the mental well-being of those who became inactive during the distancing period. Conclusion: In sum, distancing measures caused harm to the physical and mental health of the population, requiring the implementation of measures to encourage PA practice so that people can re-equip and enhance their integral health care.

Resumo Objetivo: A pesquisa buscou compreender como o distanciamento social durante a pandemia COVID-19 impactou os níveis de atividade física e o bem-estar mental. Método: Participaram do estudo 511 pessoas dos 19 estados uruguaios, sendo 69,1% do sexo feminino e com faixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos (43,4%). Os participantes responderam questionário online, contendo questões sobre fadiga, nível de AF antes e após o início da pandemia, escala de Bem-estar Mental Warwick-Edimburgo, tempo que passa em frente as telas e número de pessoas que mantém contato. As informações foram mantidas anônimas e em sigilo, não constando perguntas que pudessem identificar os participantes. Resultados: A aplicação da pesquisa foi durante o período de distanciamento social, permanecendo disponível por um mês e 12 dias. Os resultados mostraram aumento da inatividade física e impacto negativo no bem-estar mental daqueles que se tornaram inativos durante o distanciamento. Conclusão: Em suma, as medidas de distanciamento apresentam prejuízos a saúde física e mental da população, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas de incentivo a prática de AF para que as pessoas possam retomar e aprimorar seus cuidados integrais com a saúde.

Abstract In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, houve progressos significativos no diagnóstico e no tratamento da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD), considerada a distrofia muscular mais comum na infância. Diretrizes internacionais foram publicadas e revisadas recentemente. Um grupo de especialistas brasileiros desenvolveu um padrão de atendimento baseado em revisão de literatura, com recomendações graduadas pautadas em evidências compiladas em uma publicação dividida em duas partes. A implementação de melhores práticas de manejo ajudou a modificar a história natural desta doença crônica, progressiva, que, no passado, oferecia uma expectativa de vida muito limitada para crianças do sexo masculino. Desde a publicação desse consenso anterior, o diagnóstico, o tratamento com esteroides, a reabilitação e os cuidados sistêmicos ganharam novas possibilidades a partir da divulgação dos resultados de trabalhos originais em algumas dessas áreas. Além disso, as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos estão em andamento, e algumas intervenções já foram aprovadas para uso em determinados países. Nesse contexto, identificamos a necessidade de rever as recomendações anteriores sobre o manejo dos pacientes brasileiros com DMD. Nosso objetivo principal foi elaborar uma atualização baseada em evidências sobre esses tópicos do consenso.

Abstract: The Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) is a scale that estimates the risk of mortality in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) within the first hour of admission. Objective: to validate the PIM3 scale in pediatric population admitted to PICU at altitudes over 2,500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), and to evaluate whether lactate and the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) index improve its ability to predict mortality. Patients and Method: A prospective multicenter study was carried out in 10 PICUs in Colombia between November 2016 and June 2017. Variables were collected for the calculation of PIM3, serum lactate, and SpO2/FiO2 index. Their discrimination capacity was validated with the area under the ROC curve and calibration using the Hosmer Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: 2,803 admissions were included, with an overall mortality of 4.8% and a standardized mortality ratio of 1.1 (95%CI 1.00-1.3). PIM3 showed low calibration (p < 0.001) and adequate discrimination for the studied population (ROC 0.84; 95%CI 0.83-0.86). The addition of serum lactate and SpO2/FiO2 allowed a good calibration (p = 0.75) and maintained a high discrimination of mortality (ROC 0.86; 95%CI 0.84-0.87). Conclusions: The performance of the PIM3 scale has adequate discrimination, but low calibration in children admitted to PICU at above 2500 m. a. s. l. Lactate and SpO2/FiO2 variables improved its predictive ability.

Resumen: El Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 (PIM3) es una escala que estima el riesgo de mortalidad en niños ingresados a Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UCIP) en la primera hora del ingreso. Objetivo: validar la escala PIM3 en población pediátrica que ingresa a UCIP en alturas sobre los 2.500 metros sobre el nivel del mar (m.s.n.m.), y evaluar si el lactato y el índice Saturación de Oxígeno/Fracción inspirada de oxígeno (SpO2/FiO2) mejoran su capacidad de predicción de mortalidad. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico realizado en diez UCIP de Colombia entre noviembre de 2016 y junio de 2017. Se recolectaron variables para cálculo del PIM3, lactato sérico y el índice SpO2/FiO2. Se validó su capacidad de discriminación con el área bajo la curva ROC y la calibración mediante la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer Lemeshow. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2.803 registros de admisiones, con una mortalidad global de 4,8%, y razón estandarizada de mortalidad de 1,1 (IC95%; 1,00-1,3). El PIM3 mostró una baja calibración (p < 0,001) y una adecuada discriminación para la población aplicada (ROC 0,84; IC95% 0,83-0,86). La adición de lactato sérico y SpO2/ FiO2 permitieron una buena calibración (p = 0,75), y mantuvo una alta discriminación de mortalidad (ROC 0,86; IC95% 0,84-0,87). Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la escala PIM3 tiene adecuada discriminación, pero una baja calibración en niños admitidos a UCIP sobre los 2500 m.s.n.m.. Las variables lactato y SpO2/FiO2 mejoraron su habilidad predictiva.

Resumen Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una complicación reportada en la población adulta con COVID-19; sin embargo, en la población pediátrica, su descripción es limitada. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de un varón de 15 años con antecedente de obesidad y síndrome de Down que fue hospitalizado por neumonía COVID-19 severa. En el séptimo día de hospitalización presentó dolor torácico, hemoptisis, dificultad respiratoria y elevación del dímero D. En la angiotomografía pulmonar se encontró un extenso trombo en la arteria lobar inferior derecha. Recibió tratamiento con enoxaparina y rivaroxabán evolucionando favorablemente. La resolución al mes de tratamiento fue existosa, ya que el control tomográfico no evidenció más el trombo. Conclusiones: El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una complicación poco reportada en niños con neumonía COVID-19. El diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento anticoagulante es importante para evitar complicaciones mortales.

Abstract Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a complication reported in the adult population with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its documentation in the pediatric population is limiteda. Case report: We report the case of a 15-year-old male with obesity and Down syndrome who was admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. On day 7 of admission, he presented with chest pain, hemoptysis, respiratory distress, and marked elevation of D-dimer. Pulmonary CT angiography found an extensive thrombus in the right lower lobar artery. He received treatment with enoxaparin and rivaroxaban and had a favorable clinical outcome. In the tomographic control 1 month after treatment, thrombus was not evidenced and was successfully resolved. Conclusions: There are few reports of PE in children with COVID-19. Prompt diagnosis and early anticoagulant treatment are important to avoid life-threatening complications.

Abstract Sperm motility and kinematics analysis are important to predict bull fertility. However, there are other molecules in the sperm with the ability to improve the pregnancy rate. For example, PLCZ1 is a sperm protein that plays a unique role in the activation of the zygote and is important for the survival of the embryo. The objective of this work was to compare the expression of PLCZ1 mRNA in sperm cells of Chihuahuan Criollo and European bulls in the winter and summer seasons, under a low-input system. Six (3.33 ± 0.43 years old) bulls (three Criollo, three European) were used. Gross and individual motility were measured in semen obtained by electrostimulation. The cell pack was pelletized by centrifugation and stored in liquid nitrogen. The sperm cells were purified and total RNA was extracted. cDNA was synthesized to perform qPCR and measure the relative level of PLCZ1 transcripts in each bull. There were no differences in individual motility, however, gross motility was lower (P < 0.05) in Criollo bulls, both in the winter (71.1 ± 2.8 vs. 76.6 ± 2.8%) and in the summer season (58.9 ± 2.8 vs. 77.7 ± 2.8%). PLCZ1 expression was 5.3 times higher (P < 0.05) in winter than in summer (5.09 ± 1.09 vs 0.959 ± 1.09). No difference (P>0.05) was found in the expression levels of PLCZ1 between both breeds (4.36 ± 1.09 vs 1.69 ± 1.09), for Criollo and European, respectively. Although the animals presented seminal motility within the recommended limits for insemination, the expression levels of PLCZ1 vary depending on the time of the year and this might impact the rate of successful pregnancies. Therefore, it is important to complement conventional analysis of seminal quality with molecular characteristics.

Abstract: Introduction: The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led global health institutions to recommend the adoption of restrictive measures such as the closure of educational facilities. Educational institutions were forced to suddenly adapt to emergency distance learning methods, with little time for preparation. The students also faced challenges such as relying on the internet and remaining isolated at home. Medical and health science schools also had to adapt to this new model to humanized practices. Objective: To evaluate the perceived use of emergency distance learning by students at a state university health sciences and medical school during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, involving the application of a questionnaire containing closed questions. The questionnaire was divided into four topics: sample characterization, conditions for internet use, study site conditions, and student perception of the use of distance learning. Result: The study included 480 students from the nursing, medicine, and dentistry courses at the Amazonas State University. Most of these students used their home wifi, with regular signal quality. Students from smaller, inner state towns were the most disadvantaged by inconsistent internet connections. Students were mainly in their bedrooms when they attended the and pointed to losing concentration easily as the main detrimental factor of the remote classes. Most students disagreed with the effectiveness of assessments for this type of learning,and rated the experience with remote teaching as unsatisfactory. However, most students agreed that it is possible to learn theoretical content with quality through distance learning. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic brought about a sudden change of scenery. The new educational model, using distance learning, has brought new challenges for teaching. The results show that the factors that hindered the students were the instability of their internet connection and difficulty in maintaining concentration during distance learning classes. Students found it easy to clarify doubts about the classes with the teachers; the system proved adequate for the teaching and learning of the theoretical content.

Resumo: Introdução: Com a pandemia de Covid-19, instituições globais de saúde recomendaram a adoção de medidas restritivas, como o fechamento de unidades de ensino. As instituições de ensino tiveram que se adaptar ao ensino remoto emergencial de forma abrupta e com pouco tempo para preparo. Os alunos também tiveram desafios a serem enfrentados, como uso da internet e isolamento dentro de casa. O ensino superior na área de saúde também teve que se adequar a esse novo modelo com adaptação a práticas humanizadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a percepção da utilização do ensino remoto emergencial por discentes em uma universidade pública de saúde durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio de aplicação de um questionário com perguntas fechadas. O questionário foi dividido em quatro tópicos: caracterização da amostra, condições de uso da internet, condições do local do estudo e percepção do estudante acerca da utilização do ensino remoto. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 480 alunos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina e Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. A maioria desses alunos utilizou wi-fi residencial, com qualidade de sinal regular, e aqueles que residem no interior do estado foram os mais prejudicados por conta da inconstância da internet. Os alunos assistiram predominantemente às aulas no quarto e apontaram a fácil desconcentração como o fator mais prejudicial das aulas remotas. A maioria dos alunos discorda da eficácia das avaliações para esse tipo de ensino, assim como avalia de forma insatisfatória a experiência com o ensino remoto. No entanto, a maioria concordou que é possível aprender o conteúdo teórico com qualidade no ensino remoto. Conclusão: A pandemia de Covid-19 acarretou uma mudança repentina de cenário. O novo modelo educacional, de educação a distância, trouxe novos desafios para o ensino. Os resultados evidenciam que os fatores que prejudicaram os estudantes foram a instabilidade da internet e a dificuldade em se concentrar durante a aprendizagem remota. Houve facilidade para os discentes esclarecerem as dúvidas das aulas com os docentes, o que corrobora o ensino e a aprendizagem da parte teórica por meio desse sistema.

ABSTRACT Heavy metals are widely used in several industrial sectors, such as metallurgy, mining, electroplating, textiles, fertilizers, batteries, pesticides, printed circuit boards, among others, and are commonly found in the effluent generated by these industries. As they are extremely toxic and may contaminate both the ecosystem and the surrounding community, an efficient effluent treatment is necessary in order to reduce the concentration of these elements to acceptable levels before disposal. Among the various possible effluent treatments, adsorption is widely used for its simplicity, efficiency, and low cost. In this work, were produced, by internal gelation method, porous microspheres containing alumina and hematite in different concentrations, which were used as adsorbents in adsorption assays, in batch and fixed bed column, of aqueous solutions containing Zn2+, Ni2+ e Mn2+. The microspheres were characterized regarding morphology and particle size distribution, specific surface area, gas adsorption and crystalline phases. It was possible to evaluate the effect of the composition and size distribution of the microspheres on the adsorption of heavy metals. It was obtained more than 90% of adsorption of heavy metals, in the fixed bed column regime, indicating high efficiency of these microspheres as adsorbents of these ions.

RESUMO Os metais pesados são amplamente utilizados em diversos setores industriais, tais como, metalurgia, mineração, galvanoplastia, têxtil, fertilizantes, baterias, pesticidas, circuito impresso, entre outros, sendo comumente encontrados no efluente gerado por estas indústrias. Por serem extremamente tóxicos, podendo contaminar tanto o ecossistema quanto a comunidade ao seu entorno, se faz necessário um tratamento eficiente dos efluentes, a fim de se reduzir a concentração destes elementos, a níveis aceitáveis, antes do descarte. Dentre os diversos tratamentos de efluentes possíveis, a adsorção é amplamente empregada por sua simplicidade, eficiência e baixo custo. Nesse trabalho, foram produzidas, pelo método de gelificação interna, microesferas porosas contendo alumina e hematita em diferentes concentrações, que foram utilizadas como adsorventes em ensaios de adsorção, em batelada e em coluna de leito fixo, de soluções aquosas contendo Zn2+, Ni2+ e Mn2+. As microesferas foram caracterizadas quanto à morfologia e distribuição de tamanho de partículas, área de superfície específica, adsorção gasosa e fases cristalinas. Foi possível avaliar o efeito da composição e da distribuição de tamanho das microesferas na adsorção dos metais pesados. Obteve-se mais de 90% de adsorção dos metais pesados, no regime de coluna de leito fixo, indicando alta eficiência dessas microesferas como adsorventes destes íons.

ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides species. Chylothorax is a rare complication of PCM. A 16-year-old adolescent presented daily fever, lymphadenomegaly, sweating, weight loss, ventilatory-dependent pain, and dysphagia, which confirmed PCM. During treatment, the patient developed chylothorax and chylous ascites. Chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lymphadenopathy may obstruct lymphatic vessels, resulting in the extravasation of lymph into the abdomen or pleural cavities. Chylothorax is one of several complications of PCM and can lead to respiratory insufficiency, even in patients undergoing antifungal therapy.

Abstract SCSBRS126 Dueto is a late-maturing high yield performing cultivar released by Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc. It has high tillering capacity, but poor resistance to lodging, medium resistance to blast, with long, slender grains and good sensory/cooking traits, and it has lower sterility under cold stress at microsporogenesis/anthesis and under heat at anthesis. SCSBRS SCSBRS12 latematuring late maturing EpagriEmbrapaUdesc Epagri Embrapa Udesc Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc capacity lodging blast long sensorycooking sensory cooking traits microsporogenesisanthesis microsporogenesis anthesis SCSBRS1

RESUMO O estudo da interação entre estruturas hidráulicas em sistemas fluviais de leito móvel é complexo pois envolve transporte de sedimentos e mudanças dinâmicas nas condições de contorno, sendo necessário o uso de modelos físicos. Este artigo apresenta o procedimento para o desenho e construção de um modelo físico do reservatório e da barragem da Pequena Central Hidroelétrica (PCH) de Salto Paraopeba. Na fase de desenho, foi utilizada a modelagem computacional de transporte de sedimentos para a reconstituição da geometria primitiva do rio, também foram realizadas simulações do regime do escoamento e da capacidade de transporte ao longo do curso do rio; ambos os resultados permitiram delimitar a extensão do modelo. Considerando a escolha da escala e os critérios de semelhança entre o modelo e o protótipo, foi proposto o uso de um novo material alternativo, composto por partículas de borracha de pneu trituradas, de massa específica menor e diâmetro maior do que o sedimento do protótipo. Na fase de construção, foi aplicado um novo método construtivo do modelo físico empregando fibra de vidro, o método apresenta vantagens construtivas como melhor representação da morfologia, menor peso, instalação e desinstalação simples mediante módulos, e reparações simples e rápidas, entre outras. contorno físicos PCH (PCH Paraopeba rio protótipo alternativo trituradas vidro morfologia peso módulos rápidas outras

ABSTRACT The study of the interaction between hydraulic structures in mobile bed river systems is complex because it involves sediment transport and dynamic changes in the boundary conditions, requiring the use of physical models. This article presents the procedure for the design and construction of a physical model of the reservoir and dam of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHPP) of Salto Paraopeba. In the design phase, computational modelling of sediment transport was used to reconstitute the primitive geometry of the river, and simulations of the flow regime and the transport capacity along the course of the river were also carried out; both results allowed to delimit the model extension. Considering the choice of scale and the similarity criteria between the model and the prototype, the use of a new alternative material was proposed, composed of crushed tire rubber particles, with a lower specific mass and a larger diameter than the prototype's sediment. In the construction phase, a new constructive method of the physical model was applied using fiberglass, the method presents constructive advantages, such as better representation of the morphology, lower weight, simple installation and uninstallation through modules, and simple and fast repairs, among others. conditions models SHPP (SHPP Paraopeba phase out extension prototype proposed particles prototypes s fiberglass advantages morphology weight modules repairs others

Abstract Welding procedures for repairing corroded tubular structures are commonly used; however, composite material repairs are becoming popular since they do not use heat sources that might cause accidents. This paper provides a detailed description of the CFRP patch repair application in steel tubular members with a circular perforation originated from a prolonged corrosion process. The results of experimental tests on mid-scale unrepaired damaged and repaired steel tubes are reported. The predictions of the maximum loads recovered from a proposed numerical model lie close to the experimental observed values, justifying its usage for analysis of repaired tubular structures with circular cutouts when subjected to axial compression. Compared to unrepaired perforated tubes, the experimental results demonstrate a substantial strength recovery for repaired tubes. The value of this research for the oil and gas industry is that it demonstrates the feasibility of this kind of repair, which means reduced risk to the production unit and a shorter repair period. used however accidents process midscale mid scale reported values compression period

Resumen El sector ladrillero se caracteriza por la elaboración del ladrillo de forma artesanal donde utilizan técnicas rudimentarias, hornos de baja tecnología y diversos combustibles de poca calidad generando humos negros con gran cantidad de contaminantes. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los metales en suelo, HAPs en aire y biomonitoreo de HAPs en trabajadores de la zona ladrillera “Las Terceras” San Luis Potosí, México. Con el fin de conocer la exposición laboral se determinó la concentración de HAPs en partículas PM10, se caracterizó el suelo de la zona de trabajo y se realizó un biomonitoreo de me-tabolitos hidroxilados HAPs (OH-HAPs) en orina de los trabajadores. En aire se encontraron 14 de los 16 HAPs prioritarios por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental en la fracción de PM10, con una concentración media de 5293,05 gg/m3 (3,11-10510,81). Los resultados del análisis químico de los polvos mostraron que están constituidos principalmente de cuarzo (SiO2) y arcillas (SiAlOx) con presencia de óxidos de Fe-Ti, fosfatos de tierras raras (Lantano, Cerio, Neodimio Torio), silicatos de zirconio, sulfatos de bario, óxidos de zinc. En el biomonitoreo participaron 42 trabajadores ladrilleros, los resultados de la exposición a OH-HAPs en orina demostraron la media total de los OH-HAPs de 15,7 (6,92-195) ng/ml. Estos resultados muestran que el monitoreo ocupa-cional de las zonas ladrilleras es importante debido al escenario de riesgo y a las condiciones precarias de este trabajo, además de la alta exposición a contaminantes que afectan la salud de los trabajadores y sus familias, así como la propuesta de estrategias que ayuden a minimizar los impactos ambientales y prevenir los efectos en salud de las poblaciones.

Abstract The brick-making sector is characterized by artisanal brick production using rudimentary techniques, low-tech kilns and various low-quality fuels that generate black fumes with a large amount of pollutants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize metals in soil, PAHs in air and biomonitoring of PAHs in workers of the "Las Terceras” brick area in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. In order to know the occupational exposure, the concentration of PAHs in PM10 particles was determined, the soil of the work area was characterized and a biomonitoring of hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-HAPs) in the urine of the workers was carried out. In air, 14 of the 16 PAHs prioritized by the Environmental Protection Agency were found in the PM10 fraction, with an average concentration of 5293.05 gg/m3 (3.11-10510.81). The results of the chemical analysis of the dusts showed that they are mainly constituted of quartz (SiO2) and clays (SiAlOx) with presence of Fe-Ti oxides, rare earth phosphates (Lanthanum, Cerium, Neodymium Thorium), zirconium silicates, barium sulfates, zinc oxides. The biomonitoring involved 42 brick workers, the results of OH-HAPs exposure in urine showed the mean total OH-HAPs of 15.7 (6.92-195) ng/ml. These results show that occupational moni-toring of brick-making areas is important due to the risk scenario and the precarious conditions of this work, in addition to the high exposure to pollutants that affect the health of workers and their families, as well as the proposal of strategies that help minimize environmental impacts and prevent health effects on populations.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue generar un modelo reconocimiento automático de voz (RAV) basado en la traducción de la voz humana a texto, a este proceso se lo ha considerado como una de las ramas de la inteligencia artificial. El análisis de voz permite identificar información sobre la acústica, fonética, sintáctica, semántica de las palabras, entre otros elementos que pueden identificar ambigüedad en términos, errores de pronunciación, sintáctica similar pero semántica diferente, que representan características propias del lenguaje humano. El modelo se centró en el análisis acústico de las palabras, proponiendo la generación de una metodología para reconocimiento acústico, a partir de transcripciones del habla de audios que contienen voz humana. Se utilizó la tasa de error por palabra para identificar la precisión del modelo. Los audios son llamadas de emergencia registrados por el Servicio Integrado de Seguridad ECU 911. El modelo fue entrenado con la herramienta CMUSphinx para idioma español sin conexión a internet. Los resultados mostraron que la tasa de error por palabra varía en relación con la cantidad de audios; es decir a mayor cantidad de audios menor cantidad de palabras erróneas y mayor exactitud del modelo. La investigación concluyó haciendo énfasis en la duración de cada audio como variable que afecta la precisión del modelo.

Abstract The objective of the article was to generate an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model based on the translation from human voice to text, being considered as one of the branches of artificial intelligence. Voice analysis allows identifying information about the acoustics, phonetics, syntax, semantics of words, among other elements where ambiguity in terms, pronunciation errors, similar syntax but different semantics can be identified, which represent characteristics of the language. The model focused on the acoustic analysis of words proposing the generation of a methodology for acoustic recognition from speech transcripts from audios containing human voice and the error rate per word was considered to identify the accuracy of the model. The audios were taken from the Integrated Security Service ECU 911 that represent emergency calls registered by the entity. The model was trained with the CMUSphinx tool for the Spanish language without internet connection. The results showed that the word error rate varies in relation to the number of audios; that is, the greater the number of audios, the smaller number of erroneous words and the greater the accuracy of the model. The investigation concluded by emphasizing the duration of each audio as a variable that affects the accuracy of the model.

Abstract A study was carried out to determine the exergy cost of biochar production based on oil palm kernel shell by slow pyrolysis in an experimental and a pilot furnace. Initially, mass, energy and exergy flows were evaluated by applying the Specific Exergy Costing (SPECO) scaling methodology, based on the resource-product concept. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the equipment were determined and the exergy cost was calculated. The exergy cost of 1 kg of biochar is 38990 $-kJ/kJ for the experimental furnace and 206 $-kJ/kJ for the pilot furnace. In summary, the exergy cost of biochar can vary depending on the equipment, operating conditions and the location where it is produced. It is recommended to make use of the heat and energy contained in the gases to optimize the process.

Resumen Se realizó un estudio para determinar el costo exergético de la producción de biocarbón a base de cuesco de palma de aceite mediante pirolisis lenta en un horno de experimental y uno piloto. Inicialmente se evaluaron flujos másicos, energéticos y exergéticos aplicando la metodología de escalamiento de Costo Exergético Específico (CEE), basada en el concepto recurso-producto. Se determinaron las eficiencias energéticas y exergéticas de los equipos y se calculó el costo exergético. El costo exergético de 1 kg de biocarbón es de 38990 $-kJ/kJ para el horno experimental y 206 $-kJ/kJ para el horno piloto. En conclusión, el costo exergético del biocarbón puede variar dependiendo de los equipos, las condiciones de operación y el lugar en donde se produzca. Se recomienda realizar el aprovechamiento del calor y de la energía que contienen los gases para optimizar los procesos.