ABSTRACT Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory degenerative disease, characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage, affecting mostly the knee joint. The elderly population is the most affected, intensifying the aging process. The concentration of intramuscular adipose tissue in the thigh muscles and knee OA at different ages remains under investigation. Objective: Investigate the cross-sectional area of thigh muscles at different ages with the relationship of the presence of intramuscular fat and knee OA. Methods: 80 participants were paired into 4 groups: Young Osteoarthritis Group and Old Osteoarthritis Group, both sedentary with knee OA diagnosis II or III; Healthy Young Group and Healthy Old Group, both healthy and sedentary. The groups were paired according to gender and body mass index, submitted to physiotherapeutic evaluation, WOMAC questionnaire, knee X-ray and thigh CT scans. Morphometric analysis was performed manually with ITK-SNAP software (version 3.6), by a single evaluator. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni post-hoc for dependent variables (p≤0.05). Results: Comparison of the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, sartorius and gracilis muscles between the groups indicated no significant differences (p>0.05). The study of attenuation for muscle adipose tissue indicated no significant difference in the values of between the OA-Young and Aged-S groups for all the muscles evaluated. Conclusion: Young individuals with knee OA present muscle morphological characteristics similar to those found during the aging process, characterizing early aging of the thigh muscles. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective cross-sectional and observational study.

RESUMEN Introducción: La artrosis (OA) es una enfermedad inflamatoria degenerativa crónica, caracterizada por la degeneración progresiva del cartílago articular, que afecta principalmente a la articulación de la rodilla. La población anciana es la más afectada, intensificándose el proceso de envejecimiento. La concentración de tejido adiposo intramuscular en los músculos del muslo y la OA de rodilla a diferentes edades sigue siendo objeto de investigación. Objetivo: Investigar el área transversal de los músculos del muslo a diferentes edades con la relación de la presencia de grasa intramuscular y la OA de rodilla. Métodos: Se emparejó a 80 participantes en 4 grupos: Grupo de jóvenes con osteoartritis y Grupo de mayores con osteoartritis, ambos sedentarios y con diagnóstico de OA de rodilla II o III; Grupo de jóvenes sanos y Grupo de mayores sanos, ambos sanos y sedentarios. Los grupos fueron emparejados según sexo e índice de masa corporal, sometidos a evaluación fisioterapéutica, cuestionario WOMAC, exámenes radiográficos de las rodillas y tomografía computarizada del muslo. El análisis morfométrico se realizó manualmente con el software ITK-SNAP (versión 3.6), por un único evaluador. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba ANOVA unidireccional seguida del post-hoc de Bonferroni para las variables dependientes (p≤0,05). Resultados: La comparación del área transversal de los músculos recto femoral, vasto lateral, semitendinoso, sartorio y gracilis entre los grupos no indicó diferencias significativas (p>0,05). El estudio de la atenuación para el tejido adiposo muscular no indicó diferencias significativas en los valores de entre los grupos OA-Young y Aged-S para todos los músculos evaluados. Conclusión: Individuos jóvenes con OA de rodilla presentan características morfológicas musculares similares a las encontradas durante el proceso de envejecimiento, caracterizando el envejecimiento precoz de los músculos del muslo. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio transversal y observacional retrospectivo.

RESUMO Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença inflamatória crônico-degenerativa, caracterizada pela degeneração progressiva da cartilagem articular, acometendo em maior parte a articulação do joelho. A população idosa é a mais atingida, intensificando o processo de envelhecimento. A concentração de tecido adiposo intramuscular nos músculos da coxa e a OA de joelho em diferentes idades permanece em investigação. Objetivo: Investigar a área de secção transversa dos músculos da coxa em diferentes idades com a relação da presença de gordura intramuscular e OA de joelho. Métodos: 80 participantes foram pareados em 4 grupos: Grupo Osteoartrite Jovem e Grupo Osteoartrite Idoso, ambos sedentários com diagnóstico de OA de joelho II ou III; Grupo Jovem Saudável e Grupo Idoso Saudável, ambos saudáveis e sedentários. Os grupos foram pareados de acordo com sexo e índice de massa corporal, submetidos à avaliação fisioterapêutica, questionário WOMAC, exames de raio-x dos joelhos e tomografia computadorizada da coxa. A análise morfométrica foi realizada manualmente com software ITK-SNAP (versão 3.6), por um único avaliador. Análise estatística utilizou o teste ANOVA one-way seguido pelo post-hoc de Bonferroni, para variáveis dependentes (p≤0,05). Resultados: A comparação da área de secção transversa dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral, semitendinoso, sartório e grácil, entre os grupos, não indicou diferenças significativas (p>0,05). O estudo da atenuação para o tecido adiposo muscular não indicou diferença significativa nos valores de entre os grupos OA-Jovem e Idoso-S para todos os músculos avaliados. Conclusão: Indivíduos jovens com OA de joelho apresentam características morfológicas musculares semelhantes às encontradas durante o processo de envelhecimento, caracterizando um envelhecimento precoce dos músculos da coxa.Nível de Evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo transversal e observacional.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to identify the relevance of hospitalizations for congenital hip deformities in Bahia. Methods: This is a retrospective epidemiological study in public databases. Descriptors in health sciences: “congenital hip dysplasia”, “congenital hip dislocation”, and “congenital dislocation hip”. This is qualitative-quantitative research with the analysis of secondary data and cross-sectional typologies in the databases of the Ministry of Health – Health Information (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: Bahia was the third Brazilian state with the highest number of hospitalizations, registering 1481 cases. The municipalities in Bahia with the highest prevalence were Itanhém, Salvador, and Barreiras, with 912, 445, and 20 cases, respectively. Conclusions: The elevated number of congenital hip deformities reflects a public health problem, requiring investments in public policies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a relevância das internações por deformidades congênitas do quadril na Bahia. Métodos: Este é um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo, feito em bases de dados públicas. Descritores em ciências da saúde: “displasia congênita de quadril”, “Hip Dislocation Congenital” AND “Luxação congênita de quadril”. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, com análise de dados secundários e tipologia transversal nas bases de dados do Ministério da Saúde — Informações de Saúde (TABNET), disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Resultados: A Bahia foi o terceiro estado brasileiro com maior número de internações, registrando 1.481 casos. Os municípios baianos com maiores prevalências foram Itanhém, Salvador e Barreiras, com 912, 445 e 20 casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: O elevado número de deformidades congênitas do quadril reflete um problema de saúde pública, necessitando de investimentos em políticas públicas.

Objective: to identify the factors associated with antiretroviral therapy abandonment among adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: a case-control study carried out between 2020 and 2021 in Maringá, Paraná. The cases corresponded to the following: adolescents and young people (aged from 10 to 24 years old) diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and who abandoned treatment, while the Control Group consisted of people with similar sociodemographic characteristics, diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and with no history of treatment abandonment. Pairing of the cases and controls was by convenience, with four controls for each case. The research instrument presented sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics and others, whose association with treatment abandonment was analyzed by means of logistic regression. Results: a total of 27 cases and 109 controls were included in the study (1/4 ratio). The variable associated with an increased chance of abandonment was age close to 22.8 years old (ORadj: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07-2.13; p=0.024). Sporadic condom use (ORadj: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.59; p=0.003) and having an opportunistic infection (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10-0.90; p=0.030) were protective factors. Conclusion: age close to 23 years old at the last consultation was associated with antiretroviral therapy abandonment. The presence of opportunistic infections and condom use are determining factors for treatment continuity during COVID-19.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes y jóvenes que vivían con VIH/sida durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio de casos y controles realizado entre 2020 y 2021 en Maringá, Paraná. Los casos fueron: adolescentes y jóvenes (10 a 24 años) diagnosticados con VIH/sida y que abandonaron el tratamiento, mientras que el grupo de controles fue compuesto por personas con características sociodemográficas semejantes, diagnosticadas con VIH/sida, sin historia de abandono del tratamiento. El emparejamiento de casos y controles se hizo por conveniencia, con cuatro controles por cada caso. El instrumento de investigación presentó variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, entre otras y la asociación con el abandono del tratamiento se analizó por regresión logística. Resultados: se incluyeron 27 casos y 109 controles en el estudio (proporción 1/4). La variable asociada con mayor probabilidad de abandono fue la edad próxima a 22,8 años (ORaj:1,47; IC 95%:1,07-2,13; p=0,024). El uso esporádico del preservativo (ORaj:0,22; IC 95%:0,07-0,59; p=0,003) y padecer una infección oportunista (OR:0,31; IC 95%:0,10-0,90; p=0,030) fueron factores protectores. Conclusión: la edad próxima a los 23 años en la última visita se asoció al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral. La presencia de infección oportunista y el uso de preservativos son factores determinantes para la continuidad del tratamiento durante el COVID-19.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao abandono da terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes e jovens vivendo com HIV/aids durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo caso-controle realizado entre 2020 e 2021 em Maringá, Paraná. Os casos foram: adolescentes e jovens (10 a 24 anos) diagnosticados com HIV/aids e que abandonaram o tratamento, enquanto o grupo dos controles foi composto por pessoas com características sociodemográficas semelhantes, diagnosticadas com HIV/aids, sem histórico de abandono de tratamento. O pareamento dos casos e controles foi por meio de conveniência, sendo quatro controles para cada caso. O instrumento de pesquisa apresentou variáveis sociodemográficas, características clínicas e outras, cuja associação com o abandono do tratamento foi analisada por meio de regressão logística. Resultados: 27 casos e 109 controles foram incluídos no estudo (proporção 1/4). A variável associada à maior chance de abandono foi idade próxima de 22,8 anos (ORaj.:1,47; IC95%:1,07-2,13; p=0,024). O uso esporádico de preservativo (ORaj:0,22; IC95%:0,07-0,59; p=0,003) e ter infecção oportunista (OR:0,31; IC95%:0,10-0,90; p=0,030) foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: idade próxima a 23 anos na última consulta foi associada ao abandono da terapia antirretroviral. A presença de infecção oportunista e o uso de preservativo são fatores determinantes para continuidade do tratamento durante a COVID-19.

Objective: to evaluate the occurrence of offensive behaviors at work, their characteristics and association with sex, stress, burnout and depression in health workers. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with 125 workers from the Brazilian Unified Health System. The data were collected from June 2021 to April 2022 through three self-applied questionnaires that assess personal and occupational characteristics; offensive behaviors, stress and burnout; and depressive symptoms. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square association test and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: 44% of the sample reported 83 behaviors, with threats of violence as the most frequent ones (26%). Nursing technicians/assistants, nurses and physicians were the most exposed professionals. The main aggressors were the patients, except for bullying, which was perpetrated by co-workers (48%). There was an association between offensive behaviors and burnout (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.29-17.3; p=0.02) and between offensive behaviors and depression symptoms (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.10; p=0.02). Conclusion: the occurrence of offensive behaviors in health work is frequent and characteristic and burnout and depressive symptoms respectively increased 4.73 and 1.05 times the chances of workers suffering these offensive behaviors in the work environment.

Objetivo: evaluar la incidencia de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo, las características y la asociación con el sexo, el estrés, el burnout y la depresión en trabajadores de la salud. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo, realizado con 125 trabajadores del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño. Los datos fueron recolectados entre junio de 2021 y abril de 2022, por medio de tres cuestionarios autoadministrados que evalúan características personales y ocupacionales; comportamientos ofensivos, estrés y burnout y síntomas de depresión. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, prueba de asociación chi-cuadrado y análisis de regresión logística Resultados: el 44% de la muestra declararon 83 conductas y las amenazas de violencia fueron las más frecuentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermería, enfermeros y médicos fueron los profesionales más expuestos. El principal agresor fue el paciente; excepto en el caso del bullying, que fue perpetrado por los compañeros de trabajo (48%). Hubo asociación entre conductas ofensivas y burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) y entre conductas ofensivas y síntomas de depresión (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusión: la práctica de conductas ofensivas en el trabajo en salud es frecuente y característica; el burnout y los síntomas de depresión aumentaron, respectivamente, 4,73 y 1,05 veces las posibilidades de que el trabajador sufriera esas conductas ofensivas en el ambiente de trabajo.

Objetivo: avaliar a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho, suas características e associação com o sexo, estresse, burnout e depressão em trabalhadores de saúde. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado com 125 trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho de 2021 a abril de 2022, por meio de três questionários autoaplicáveis que avaliam as características pessoais e ocupacionais; comportamentos ofensivos, estresse e burnout e sintomas depressivos. Estatística descritiva, teste de associação Qui-Quadrado e análise de regressão logística foram aplicados. Resultados: 44% da amostra referiram 83 comportamentos, sendo as ameaças de violência mais frequentes (26%). Técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, enfermeiros e médicos foram os profissionais mais expostos. O principal agressor foi o paciente, exceto quanto ao bullying, perpetrado por colegas de trabalho (48%). Houve associação entre comportamentos ofensivos e burnout (OR: 4,73; IC 95%: 1,29-17,3; p=0,02) e entre comportamentos ofensivos e sintomas de depressão (OR: 1,05; IC 95%: 1,01-1,10; p=0,02). Conclusão: a ocorrência de comportamentos ofensivos no trabalho em saúde é frequente e característica; o burnout e os sintomas depressivos aumentaram, respectivamente, 4,73 e 1,05 vezes as chances de o trabalhador sofrer estes comportamentos ofensivos no ambiente de trabalho.

Abstract Evaluate the shaping ability and preparation time using a pediatric motor-driven rotary instrumentation compared to other systems in resin prototypes of primary molars. Methods: Thirty specimens were scanned in micro-CT and divided into three groups according to the instrumentation type: pediatric motor-driven Sequence baby File (SBF); conventional motor-driven (Sequence Rotary File - SRF); manual K file. Instrumentation time was timed. After preparation, the specimens were scanned again. The pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed to measure the amount of root canal deviation and the resin remnant thickness. ANOVA followed by the Tukey test analyzed the comparisons between groups (p<0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences occurred in root canal deviation among groups (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the comparison among root thirds (p<0.001) but without significant differences in the interaction group vs. root third (p>0.05). Both motor-driven instrumentations showed statistically greater weariness than manual instrumentation (p<0.001), without significant significant differences between SBF and SRF. Motor-driven instrumentation had a shorter working time than manual instrumentation (p<0.001). Conclusion: Pediatric motor-driven instrumentation demonstrated good outcomes in relation to root canal deviation and amount of remnant structure, with shorter instrumentation time. SBF can be a suitable alternative for endodontic instrumentation in primary molars.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados da instrumentação endodôntica e o tempo de preparo de lima odontopediátrica ativada por motor (Sequence Baby File- SBF) em canais de molares decíduos prototipados. Métodos: Trinta espécimes foram escaneados em micro-CT e divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de instrumentação: mecanizada odontopediátrica (SBF); mecanizada convencional; lima K manual. O tempo de instrumentação foi cronometrado. Após o preparo, os espécimes foram escaneados novamente. As imagens pré e pós-instrumentação foram sobrepostas e a quantidade de desvio do canal radicular e a espessura de resina remanescente foram mensurados. Para as análises de comparações entre os grupos foram realizados teste ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: Não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos no desvio do canal radicular (p>0,05). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na comparação entre terços radiculares (p<0,001), mas sem diferenças significativas na interação grupo vs. terço radicular (p>0,05). A instrumentação mecanizada apresentou desgaste estatisticamente maior do que a instrumentação manual (p<0,001), sem diferenças estatísticas entre a SBF e a lima mecanizada convencional. A instrumentação mecanizada teve menor tempo de trabalho quando comparado a instrumentação manual (p<0,001). Conclusão: A instrumentação mecanizada odontopediátrica demonstrou bons resultados em relação ao desvio do canal radicular e quantidade de estrutura remanescente, com menor tempo de instrumentação. A SBF pode ser uma alternativa adequada para a instrumentação endodôntica em molares decíduos.

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is a conscious perception of a sound resulting from abnormal activity within the nervous system. A relevant percentage of tinnitus patients report symptoms severe enough to significantly affect quality of life, including sleep disorders. Objectives To analyze the sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in participants with tinnitus. Methods The sample comprised 18 adults and older adults aged between 18 and 85 years old (mean age = 58.7 ± 17.5 years old), females and males, with complaint of continuous tinnitus for > 1 month. The instruments used were the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the STOP-Bang questionnaire. Results By means of the THI questionnaire, the tinnitus severity degree reported by most participants was mild (27.8%) and moderate (27.8%), having a positive (r = 0.582) and significant (0.011) correlation to sleep quality, measured by means of the Pittsburgh questionnaire. There was a positive correlation between the Insomnia Severity Index and tinnitus handicap (r = 0.499; p = 0.035). A total of 72.2% of the participants self-assessed their sleep quality as poor, in addition to moderate insomnia (27.8%), although there is low risk of OSA (66.7%), without complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness (72.2%). Conclusion Subjects with tinnitus complaint self-rated their sleep quality as poor. Moreover, the higher the reported tinnitus handicap, the greater the symptoms of insomnia. There was no influence of tinnitus in relation to daytime sleepiness and no relationship between the severity of tinnitus and the risk of OSA.

ABSTRACT Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Materials and methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of pre-conception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring’s body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring’s total lean mass (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (β = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (β = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring’s BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring’s ASMI (β = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (β = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between abdominal obesity, food intake, sleep deprivation, and screen time in adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 432 adolescents aged 14–19 years, from public and private schools. Anthropometric and body composition measures included body weight, waist circumference, body mass index for age, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage. Abdominal obesity was defined by age and sex specific cut-off points for waist circumference. Food intake, screen time, sexual maturation, and sleep duration were evaluated by self-administered questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of excess body weight and abdominal obesity was 16.7% and 27.5%, respectively. Students in the adult phase (post-puberty), with inadequate waist-to-height ratio, high body fat percentage, and screen time ≥ 3 h/day were, respectively, 2.5 (95% CI 1.40–4.46), 7.44 (95% CI 1.08-51.46), 2.79 (95% CI 1.04-7.50), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.24-3.89) more likely to have abdominal obesity. Low intake of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with inadequate sleep duration, while high intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with high screen time. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity was associated with the adult phase, short sleep duration and high screen time. The degree of food processing was associated with screen time and sleep duration. Assessing the risk factors of abdominal obesity may be a useful strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease in adolescents.

RESUMO: Descrevemos um caso de yersiniose septicêmica fatal em um zogue-zogue (Plecturocebus brunneus) jovem adulto que apresentava um quadro de letargia e anemia severa. Macroscopicamente, havia acentuada desidratação e as mucosas estavam pálidas. Notou-se hepatomegalia com múltiplos pontos amarelos e esplenomegalia com múltiplos nódulos amarelos pelo parênquima. Ainda, ulcerações da mucosa do intestino grosso, linfonodos mesentéricos aumentados e hemorragia pulmonar foram observados. A avaliação histológica revelou hepatite e esplenite necrossupurativas associadas a agregados bacterianos bacilares gram-negativos intralesionais, colite ulcerativa, hiperplasia linfoide reativa e pneumonia fibrino-hemorrágica. A cultura bacteriana e identificação através do método de espectrometria de massa por ionização e dessorção a laser assistida por matriz associada ao tempo de voo confirmou o diagnóstico de yersiniose por Yersinia enterocolitica. Este estudo demonstra que a yersiniose deve ser considerada como um diagnóstico diferencial de causa de morte em zogue-zogues.

ABSTRACT: We described a case of fatal septicemic yersiniosis in a young adult brown titi monkey (Plecturocebus brunneus) which presented lethargy and severe anemia. Postmortem external assessment revealed marked dehydration and pale pink mucous membranes. The main gross findings included enlarged liver with yellow pinpoints, enlarged spleen with yellow nodules, mucosal ulcerations in the large intestine, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and pulmonary hemorrhage. Histology revealed necrosuppurative hepatosplenitis with intralesional colonies of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria, ulcerative colitis, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, and fibrinous and hemorrhagic pneumonia. Bacterial culture and identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry confirmed the diagnosis of yersiniosis by Yersinia enterocolitica. This study indicated that yersiniosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of death in brown titi monkeys.

A pandemia da COVID-19 favoreceu a tendência crescente de insegurança alimentar observada nos últimos anos, causando consequências na saúde mental, como o estresse. Nosso objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar domiciliar antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e a sua associação com o estresse percebido. Analisamos dados de dois estudos de base populacional conduzidos em 2019 e 2020 a 2021 com adultos em Criciúma, Estado de Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. A insegurança alimentar e o estresse percebido foram avaliados usando a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e da Escala de Estresse Percebido. As covariáveis foram sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade, renda, situação profissional, estado civil, aglomeração domiciliar, excesso de peso e qualidade da dieta. Associações brutas e ajustadas entre insegurança alimentar e estresse percebido foram avaliadas usando a regressão de Poisson. Foram avaliados 1.683 indivíduos. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar foi de 25,8% em 2019, diminuindo para 21,6% em 2020. A prevalência de estresse percebido foi de aproximadamente 38% nos dois anos. Antes da pandemia, a insegurança alimentar aumentava a prevalência de estresse percebido em 29% (RP = 1,29; IC95%: 1,02; 1,63), mas nenhuma associação foi encontrada durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Identificamos uma prevalência preocupante de insegurança alimentar antes e depois da pandemia, no entanto, a insegurança alimentar e o estresse percebido foram associados apenas em 2019. Uma avaliação desses aspectos após a pandemia da COVID-19 é necessária para garantir direitos básicos de vida para todos.

La creciente tendencia a la inseguridad alimentaria observada en los últimos años se ha visto favorecida por la pandemia de COVID-19, provocando consecuencias en la salud mental, tales como el estrés. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su asociación con el estrés percibido. Analizamos datos de dos estudios poblacionales realizados en 2019 y 2020-2021 con adultos en Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Sur de Brasil. La inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido se evaluaron con la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y la Escala de Estrés Percibido. Las covariables fueron sexo, edad, color de piel, escolaridad, ingresos, situación laboral, estado civil, hacinamiento en el hogar, sobrepeso y calidad de la dieta. Las asociaciones crudas y ajustadas entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido se evaluaron mediante regresión de Poisson. Se evaluó a un total de 1.683 personas. La prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria fue del 25,8% en 2019, disminuyendo al 21,6% en 2020. La prevalencia del estrés percibido fue de alrededor del 38% en ambos años. Antes de la pandemia, la inseguridad alimentaria aumentaba la prevalencia del estrés percibido en un 29% (RP = 1,29; IC95%: 1,02; 1,63), pero no se encontró ninguna asociación con COVID-19. Encontramos una prevalencia preocupante de inseguridad alimentaria antes y después de la pandemia, aunque la inseguridad alimentaria y el estrés percibido solo se asociaron en 2019. Es necesaria una evaluación de estos aspectos después del COVID-19 para garantizar los derechos básicos vitales para todos.

The growing prevalence of food insecurity observed in the last years, has been favored by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to mental health issues, such as stress. We aim to analyze the prevalence of household food insecurity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with perceived stress. We analyzed data from two population-based studies conducted in 2019 and 2020-2021 in the municipality of Criciúma, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale. The covariables were sex, age, skin color, schooling level, income, job status, marital status, household crowding, overweight, and diet quality. Crude and adjusted associations between food insecurity and perceived stress were assessed using Poisson regression. A total of 1,683 adult individuals were assessed. Prevalence of food insecurity was 25.8% in 2019, decreasing to 21.6% in 2020. Prevalence of perceived stress was about 38% for both years. Before the pandemic, food insecurity increased the prevalence of perceived stress by 29% (PR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.63), but no association was found during COVID-19. We found a worrying prevalence of food insecurity before and after de pandemic, nonetheless food insecurity and perceived stress were associated only in 2019. An assessment of these aspects after COVID-19 is needed to ensure basic life rights for all.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe adverse event following immunization or vaccination in children in Minas Gerais: 2015 to 2020, resulting from immunization errors in children from zero to nine years old. Methods: An ecological, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on event notifications available in the National Immunization Program Information System. Results: Among the 39,903,277 doses of immunobiologicals in children aged zero to nine, administered in the state of MG, 3,259 events of types of immunization errors were recorded, around 0.008% of the total and, of these, 91.86% did not result in adverse events and 56.02% were children under one year of age. The most frequent diagnosis was application outside the recommended age (29.12%). Among the manifestations, 71.91% were local and systemic, with fever being the most common (40.85%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that immunization errors were rare and that most of them were not associated with adverse events, which reinforces the safety of the immunization process. This undoubtedly raises reflection on the need and relevance of continuing education for health professionals.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os eventos supostamente atribuíveis à imunização ou vacinação em crianças de Minas Gerais, de 2015 a 2020, decorrentes dos erros de imunização em crianças de 0 a 9 anos. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, fundamentado nas notificações de eventos disponíveis no Sistema de Informações do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Resultados: Dentre os 39.903.277 de doses de imunobiológicos administrados em crianças de 0 a 9 anos, no estado de Minas Gerais, registraram-se 3.259 eventos do tipo erros de imunizaçõo, cerca de 0,008% do total e, destes, 91,86% não acarretaram eventos adversos e 56,02% ocorreram em crianças menores de 1 ano. O diagnóstico mais frequente foi a aplicação fora da idade recomendada (29,12%). Dentre as manifestações, 71,91% foram locais e, em relação às sistêmicas, a mais comum foi a febre (40,85%). Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que os erros de imunização foram raros e a maioria deles não se associou aos eventos adversos, o que reitera a segurança no processo de imunização. Isso suscita, indubitavelmente, a reflexão sobre a necessidade e a relevância de educação permanente dos profissionais da saúde.

Abstract This article aims to report the preparation and optimized formulation of Ctn[15-34], a designed anti-infective peptide, with poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), PLGA, nanoparticles. Ctn[15-34] is a short peptide derived from crotalicidin, a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus), that has arisen as a promising antifungal and microbicide agent. The PLGA nanoparticles were prepared and loaded with carboxyfluorescein (CF)-Ctn[15-34] using the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. After a preformulation study, which tested different formulation parameters, Poly (vinyl alcohol) 87-89% hydrolyzed and sonication with Sonifier® were choosen to prepare unloaded PLGA nanoparticles by that method, resulting in smaller particle size and Polydispersity Index (PDI) values and higher zeta potential values of nanoparticles. This better condition was used to prepare CF-Ctn[15-34]-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, resulting in homogeneous and spherical nanoparticles, with an average size of 213.2 ± 2.00 nm, PDI of 0.044 ± 0.04 and zeta potential of -16.03 ± 1.20 mV. An excellent encapsulation efficiency was obtained, corresponding to 93.3 ± 0.10 %. The drug-release profile showed a rapid initial release of the peptide, approximately 27 % in the first 24 hours, followed by a sustained release for at least 16 days. Another relevant aspect in the peptide formulation is that the CF-Ctn[15-34]-loaded nanoparticles potentiated the antifungal effect against the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans compared with the free, in solution Ctn[15-34], in equivalent volume dosage. A preparation method of CF-Ctn[15-34]-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was established and validated, representing a successful approach to deliver CF-Ctn[15-34] for pharmaceutical applications.

Abstract Introduction: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil’s most consumed ultra-processed products. Currently, regulations on the upper limit for these residues in ultra-processed foods have yet to be established by the National Health Surveillance, and ultra-processed food consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Methods: Since an unbalanced diet can interfere with kidney function, this study aims to investigate the effect of daily intake of 5 mg/kg bw glyphosate in conjunction with a balanced diet and the possible impact on renal function in rats. Kidney function, kidney weight, markers of renal injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: There was a decrease in kidney weight. The main histopathological alterations in renal tissues were vacuolation in the initial stage and upregulation of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. Renal injury is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Conclusion: This study showed changes in the kidney of rats exposed to a balanced diet with glyphosate, suggesting a potential risk to human kidney. Presumably, ultra-processed food that contain glyphosate can potentiate this risk. The relevance of these results lies in drawing attention to the need to regulate glyphosate concentration in ultra-processed foods in the future.

RESUMO Introdução: O glifosato é o herbicida mais utilizado no mundo e no Brasil. Atualmente, há uma preocupação crescente com os efeitos do glifosato na saúde humana. O Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor apresentou dados sobre a presença de glifosato em alguns dos produtos ultraprocessados mais consumidos no Brasil. Atualmente, as regulamentações sobre o limite máximo desses resíduos em alimentos ultraprocessados ainda não foram estabelecidas pela Vigilância Sanitária Nacional, e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados está independentemente associado a um risco maior de doença renal crônica incidente. Métodos: Como uma dieta desbalanceada pode interferir na função renal, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da ingestão diária de 5 mg/kg pc de glifosato em conjunto com uma dieta equilibrada e o possível impacto na função renal em ratos. Foram avaliados função renal, peso dos rins, marcadores de lesão renal e estresse oxidativo. Resultados: Houve redução no peso dos rins. As principais alterações histopatológicas nos tecidos renais foram vacuolização no estágio inicial e regulação positiva do marcador de lesão renal KIM-1. A lesão renal está associada à produção aumentada de espécies reativas de oxigênio nas mitocôndrias. Conclusão: Esse estudo mostrou alterações nos rins de ratos expostos a uma dieta balanceada com glifosato, sugerindo um risco potencial ao rim humano. Presumivelmente, alimentos ultraprocessados que contenham glifosato podem potencializar esse risco. A relevância desses resultados está no fato de chamar a atenção para a necessidade de regulamentar a concentração de glifosato em alimentos ultraprocessados no futuro.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE: To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS: There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION: An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Quality of Dying and Death Questionnaire (QoDD) may prove to be an important evaluation tool in the Brazilian context, and, therefore, can contribute to a more precise evaluation of the dying and death process, improving and guiding the end-of-life patient care. OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the QoDD into Brazilian Portuguese and measure its validity (convergent and known-groups) and internal consistency DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, methodological study was conducted at the Hospital de Câncer de Barretos, Brazil METHODS: A total of 78 family caregivers participated in this study. Semantic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences were evaluated using the content validity index. The construct validity was assessed through convergent validation and known groups analysis [presence of family members at the place of death; feel at peace with dying; and place of death (hospital versus home; hospital versus Palliative Care)]. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The questionnaire was translated into Brazilian Portuguese and presented evidence of a clear understanding of its content. Cronbach's alpha values were ≥ 0.70, except for the domains of treatment preference (α = 0.686) and general concerns (α = 0.599). The convergent validity confirmed a part of the previously hypothesized correlations between the Palliative Care Outcome Scale-Brazil (POS-Br) total scores and the QoDD domain scores. The QoDD-Br domains could distinguish the patients who died in palliative care and general wards. CONCLUSION: The QoDD-Br is a culturally adapted valid instrument, and may be used to assess the quality of death of cancer patients.