Abstract This article aims to understand, by using Photovoice, the representations of bulling among high school adolescents. This is a qualitative study, conducted with 54 adolescents from the public school system of the state of Paraná, organized into six focus groups. The data were collected using the Photovoice participatory technique and submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Three categories emerged from the data analysis: “Esthetic, homophobic, and gender bullying: subversive strategies”, “The harmful effects of bullying”, and “Interdisciplinary dialogue as a strategy to prevent and combat bullying.” With the results, it was possible to evidence that the practice of bullying happens from dissonances between aggressors and victims, with insults to the condition of body conformation, sexual orientation, gender identity, among others. For this reason, it is necessary to enable articulated actions between education and health for dialogue and listening about bullying in the school community, with a view to coping with it, prevent it, and protect against it, seeking above all the respect and appreciation of differences.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender, pelo uso do Photovoice, as representações de bullying presentes entre adolescentes escolares do ensino médio. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com 54 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino do estado do Paraná, organizados em seis grupos focais. Os dados foram coletados mediante a técnica participativa Photovoice e submetidos à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Da análise dos dados emergiram três categorias: “Bullying estético, homofóbico e de gênero: estratégias subversivas”, “Os efeitos danosos do bullying” e “O diálogo interdisciplinar como estratégia de prevenção e combate ao bullying”. Com os resultados, foi possível evidenciar que a prática do bullying acontece a partir das dissonâncias entre agressores e vítimas, com insultos à condição de conformação corporal, orientação sexual, identidade de gênero, entre outros. Por essa razão, é preciso viabilizar ações articuladas entre educação e saúde para o diálogo e escuta a respeito do bullying na comunidade escolar, com vistas a seu enfrentamento, prevenção e proteção, almejando, sobretudo, o respeito e valorização das diferenças.

Resumo Macroglossia é o aumento de volume anormal da língua, que entre outras causas pode ser decorrente do incremento do crescimento, resultando em um tamanho maior do que a cavidade bucal permite para equilíbrio funcional. Essa alteração pode estar associada a deformidades dento-musculoesqueléticas e instabilidade de tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, bem como favorecer o aparecimento de distúrbios da mastigação, da fala e da respiração. A redução cirúrgica da língua é um procedimento cirúrgico incomum, sendo indicada para a correção funcional ou estética. O presente trabalho apresenta um caso clínico de uma paciente com macroglossia relativa e deformidade dentofacial com má oclusão Classe III de Angle e diagnosticada com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Foi realizada cirurgia ortognática para correção da deformidade dentofacial por meio de avanço e expansão maxilar, mentoplastia de avanço pela técnica de osteotomia horizontal basilar do mento, além de glossectomia parcial pela técnica de Egyedi-Obwegeser, num único tempo cirúrgico. As técnicas utilizadas neste caso apresentaram-se satisfatórias para correção das alterações, devolvendo a função e a estética.

Abstract Macroglossia is the abnormally large tongue volume, which, among other causes, may result from increased growth, leading to a size bigger than the oral cavity allows for functional balance. This alteration may be associated with dento-musculoskeletal deformities and instability of orthodontic-surgical treatment, besides favoring the appearance of chewing, speech, and breathing disorders. Surgical tongue reduction is an uncommon procedure indicated for functional or aesthetic correction. This case report involves a patient with relative macroglossia and dentofacial deformity with Angle Class III malocclusion who was also diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In a single surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery was performed to correct dentofacial deformity using maxillary advancement and expansion, along with advancement genioplasty with basilar horizontal osteotomy and partial glossectomy using the Egyedi-Obwegeser technique. The techniques used were satisfactory for correcting the alterations and restoring function and aesthetics.

Abstract Every year, millions of tons of phosphogypsum, a by-product of the fertilizer industry, are produced worldwide. As just a small part of this amount is reused, this study analyzed a new alternative to reuse this material in geotechnical works, in mixtures with lateritic soil and bentonite for the construction of liners for sanitary landfills. Four compositions were tested: 100% soil, 10% phosphogypsum + 90% soil, 10% phosphogypsum + 3% bentonite + 87% soil and 10% phosphogypsum + 6% bentonite + 84% soil. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the mineralogy, while the hydromechanical performance was evaluated through compaction, hydraulic conductivity, and unconfined compressive tests. Modified free swell tests and modified Atterberg limits were used to test compatibility with NaCl, NaOH and ethanol. A solubilization test was carried out to investigate the presence of inorganic contaminants in the phosphogypsum. The addition of phosphogypsum increased the optimum water content in the compaction curves, did not change the hydraulic conductivity and decreased the unconfined compressive strength of the mixtures. The addition of bentonite increased the optimum water content, reduced the hydraulic conductivity, and increased the unconfined compressive strength. The possibility of dissolution of gypsite (main component of phosphogypsum), the problems that may arise from the interaction with chemical products, and the risk of manganese release in the subsoil lead to the conclusion that phosphogypsum is not suitable to be used in liners. However, soil-bentonite-phosphogypsum mixtures were considered eligible materials to be used in impermeable layers of other geotechnical works.

Abstract Brazilian biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest, are hotspots for microbial diversity. Fungi at some stages of their life cycle can inhabit the interior of plants without apparent damage and are called endophytes. This study aimed to verify the culturable diversity of endophytic fungi present in the leaves of Miconia mirabilis in a conservation unit of the Atlantic Forest, in Northeast Brazil. A total of 273 endophytes were isolated, and 88 % of the estimated richness was recovered from 40 taxa with a Shannon diversity index of H′ = 2.79. The most abundant order was Xylariales (37.73 %), with Xylaria cf. cubensis being the most abundant species, followed by Glomerellales (14.65 %), Eurotiales (3.66 %), and Diaporthales (3.33 %). Additionally, a novel endophytic fungal species of Muyocopron was identified. Our results indicate the potential of endophytic diversity in the plants of tropical forests, reinforcing the need for further studies to better understand their ecological relationships.

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver um protocolo, baseado em evidências, para guiar a solicitação de exames de ressonância magnética (RM) em pacientes idosos com suspeita de osteoartrose do joelho e avaliar a sua eficácia após implementação. Métodos O protocolo institucional foi desenvolvido após revisão da literatura durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2018. Definiu-se como grupo de controle os pacientes do primeiro semestre de 2018, antes da aplicação/divulgação do protocolo institucional, e o grupo de estudo foi composto por pacientes atendidos no segundo semestre do mesmo ano após a padronização dos pedidos de RM para a suspeita de osteoartrose do joelho. Resultados Nossa amostra contou com 826 pacientes submetidos a RM do joelho, com média de idade de 69,3 anos. Após a implementação do protocolo, houve um decréscimo das solicitações de RM e um aumento no número de solicitações de radiografias (p < 0,001). Após a implementação do protocolo, a RM alterou o diagnóstico ou a conduta do médico em apenas 11,2% dos casos. Conclusão Após a introdução do protocolo, encontrou-se uma redução de 47,5% no número de pedidos de RM do joelho, sendo que a maioria (89%) dos pacientes não tiveram suas condutas ou diagnóstico alterados. Nível de evidência: estudo caso-controle (IIIB).

Abstract Objective To develop an evidence-based protocol to guide magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requests in elderly patients with suspected knee osteoarthrosis and to evaluate its effectiveness after implementation. Methods The institutional protocol was developed after reviewing the literature during the first semester of 2018. The control group was defined as patients cared for in the first semester of 2018, before the implementation/dissemination of the institutional protocol, and the study group was composed by patients cared for during the second semester of 2018 after the standardization of MRI requests for suspected knee osteoarthrosis. Results Our sample included 826 patients undergoing knee MRI, with a mean age of 69.3 years. Protocol implementation decreased MRI requests and increased radiograph requests (p < 0.001). After the implementation of the protocol, the MRI changed the diagnosis or treatment in only 11.2% of the cases. Conclusion Protocol implementation resulted in a 47.5% reduction in the number of requests for knee MRI, with most (89%) patients with alteration in diagnosis or treatment. Level of evidence: case-control study (IIIB).

Abstract Acute lung injury is an inflammation that triggers acute respiratory distress syndrome with perialveolar neutrophil infiltration, alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and lung edema. Activation of the toll-like receptor 4 complex (TLR4/MD2) and its downstream signaling pathways are responsible for the cytokine storm and cause alveolar damage. Due to the complexity of this pulmonary inflammation, a defined pharmacotherapy has not been established. Thus, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of milonine, an alkaloid of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl, in an experimental model of lung inflammation. BALB/c mice were lipopolysaccharide-challenged and treated with milonine at 2.0 mg/kg. Twenty-four hours later, the bronchoalveolar fluid, peripheral blood, and lungs were collected for cellular and molecular analysis. The milonine treatment decreased the cell migration (mainly neutrophils) to the alveoli, the pulmonary edema, and the cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). The systemic IL-6 level was also reduced. The milonine docking analysis demonstrated hydrophobic interaction at TLR4/MD2 groove with Ile124 and Phe126 amino acids. Indeed, the alkaloid downregulated the kinase-Akt and NF-κB through TLR4/MD2. Therefore, milonine is an effective inflammatory modulator being a potential molecule for the treatment of lung inflammation.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a proporção de pacientes com asma com percepção inadequada do mau controle de sua doença. Métodos Estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de pacientes com asma e idade ≥18 anos. Avaliou-se o controle da asma por meio do Asthma Control Test e do questionário do Global Initiative for Asthma. Utilizou-se o coeficiente Kappa para análise da concordância entre os resultados desses testes e a percepção do controle da asma pelo paciente, definida pela resposta a uma questão do Asthma Control Test: “Como você avalia o controle da sua asma durante as últimas 4 semanas?”. Resultados Entre os 71 pacientes com idades entre 19 e 81 anos e média de 57,7±13,9 anos, existiam 27 (38%) controlados, segundo o Asthma Control Test, e 18 (25,3%) de acordo com o questionário do Global Initiative for Asthma. Os coeficientes de Kappa entre os resultados desses testes e a percepção do controle pelos pacientes foram, respectivamente, 0,4 e 0,29. Entre os 41 (57,7%) pacientes que se consideravam controlados, 18 (43,9%) tinham percepção inapropriada do seu mau controle, de acordo com o Asthma Control Test, e 25 (61%) segundo o Global Initiative for Asthma. Conclusão Aplicando-se o Asthma Control Test, observou-se que quase metade dos participantes tinha percepção inadequada de seu mau controle da doença e, segundo o questionário da Global Initiative for Asthma, mais da metade da amostra não percebeu o descontrole da asma.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the proportion of patients with asthma with misperception of poor control of their disease. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of patients with asthma and aged ≥18 years. Asthma control was assessed by the Asthma Control Test and the Global Initiative for Asthma questionnaire. The Kappa coefficient was used to analyze the agreement between the results of these tests and the patients’ perception of asthma control, defined by the response to one question of the Asthma Control Test: “How do you evaluate your asthma control during the last 4 weeks?”. Results Among the 71 patients aged 19 to 81 years and a mean of 57.7±13.9 years, there were 27 (38%) controlled, according to the Asthma Control Test, and 18 (25.3%) using the Global Initiative for Asthma questionnaire. The Kappa coefficients of the results of these tests and the perception of control by the patients were 0.4 and 0.29, respectively. Among the 41 (57.7%) patients who considered themselves controlled, 18 (43.9%) had a misperception of their poor control, as per the Asthma Control Test, and 25 (61%) by the Global Initiative for Asthma. Conclusion Applying the Asthma Control Test, it was observed that almost half of the participants had a misperception of their poor control of the disease and, according to the Global Initiative for Asthma questionnaire, more than half of the sample did not notice the lack of asthma control.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a satisfação de indivíduos amputados com a prótese de membro inferior (PMI). Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal descritivo. Participaram 34 idosos com amputação de membro inferior (AMI). A satisfação dos participantes com a PMI, os desconfortos e a vergonha de usá-la foram avaliados por meio de uma entrevista composta por 5 perguntas. A ocorrência de quedas e a independência no manuseio da prótese também foram avaliadas. Todas as variáveis foram coletadas na última semana de alta da reabilitação ambulatorial e após 1 e 3 meses. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% (p<0,05). Oitenta por cento dos participantes com amputação transtibial e 78,6% dos participantes com amputação transfemoral estavam satisfeitos com a PMI após três meses de seguimento. A prótese apertada, a dor ao caminhar, a vergonha de usar a PMI e a ocorrência de quedas diminuíram com o tempo. A independência no manuseio da prótese não mudou significativamente após três meses. Os participantes que utilizaram o joelho com trava manual (p=0,040) e/ou o pé com calcanhar sólido (SACH) (p=0,017) estavam mais satisfeitos com a PMI após alta da reabilitação. A ocorrência de quedas diminuiu (p=0,039) nos transfemorais após iniciarem o uso da PMI. A satisfação dos idosos participantes com relação a sua PMI foi alta e não mudou significativamente ao longo do tempo.

ABSTRACT This is a descriptive longitudinal study that aimed to verify prosthesis satisfaction of older adults with lower-limb amputation (LLA). In total, This study was composed of 34 older adults with LLA participated of this study. Participant’s satisfaction about the lower-limb prosthesis (LLP), the discomforts, and the embarrassment when use it were evaluated through an interview composed of five questions. The occurrence of falls and the independence in prosthesis management were also evaluated. All variables were collected at the last week of ambulatory rehabilitation discharge and after one and three months. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05). In total, 80% of participants with transtibial amputation and 78.6% of participants with transfemoral amputation were satisfied with the LLP after three months. Tight prosthesis, walking pain, the embarrassment of using LLP, and the occurrence of falls decreased over time. The independence in prosthesis handling did not change significantly after three months. Participants that used manual locking knee (p=0.040) and/or Solid-Ankle Cushion Heel foot (p=0.017) were more satisfied with LLP. The occurrence of falls reduced (p=0.039) after transfemoral participants started to use the prosthesis. Participant’s satisfaction with the LLP was high and did not change significantly over time.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si las personas mayores que tienen amputadas un miembro estaban satisfechas con la prótesis de miembro inferior (PMI). Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal descriptivo. Han participado 34 personas mayores con PMI. La satisfacción de los participantes con la PMI, las molestias y la vergüenza de usarla han sido evaluadas a través de una entrevista con 5 preguntas. Las caídas y la independencia en el manejo de la prótesis también han sido evaluadas. Todas las variables fueron recolectadas en la última semana de alta de rehabilitación en el ambulatorio y después de 1 y 3 meses. Se ha realizado análisis estadístico, descriptivo y de inferencia. El nivel de significancia establecido fue del 5% (p<0,05). Un ochenta por ciento de los participantes con amputación transtibial y el 78,6% con amputación transfemoral estaban satisfechos con la PMI después de tres meses de seguimiento. La prótesis apretada, el dolor al caminar, la vergüenza de usarla y las caídas han disminuido con el tiempo. La independencia con el manejo de la prótesis no ha cambiado significativamente después de tres meses. Los participantes que han utilizado la rodilla con traba manual (p=0,040) y/o el pie con tobillo sólido (SACH) (p=0,017) estaban más satisfechos con la PMI tras la rehabilitación. Las caídas han disminuido (p=0,039) en los transfemorales después de empezar a usar la PMI. Los adultos mayores estaban muy satisfechos con la PMI y no han cambiado de opinión a lo largo del tempo.

Resumo Introdução: Os rastreamentos visuais realizados nas escolas são, às vezes, a única oportunidade de deteção dos erros de refração não corrigidos (ERN) causadores de baixa visual, prejuízo na aquisição do conhecimento, evasão e repetência escolar, habilidades motoras pobres, dificuldade na interação social e baixa autoestima nos escolares. Objetivos: Comparar a detecção de ERN em escolares do ensino fundamental por meio de rastreamento visual (medida da AV com a tabela de Snellen) e por photoscreener; avaliar a acurácia do SpotTM Vision Screener (Welch Allyn) como autorefrator comparando suas medidas de refração com as do autorrefrator Topcon KR 8000 (Japão) e levantar a proporção de óculos com a tecnologia ready to Clip™ que foram dispensados no momento da avaliação dos escolares. Métodos: Duzentos e noventa e sete escolares foram submetidos à rastreamento visual (ponto de corte: AV monocular ≤ 0,7 e/ou diferença duas linhas de Snellen entre os olhos), photoscreening (ponto de corte: hipermetropia ≥3,00D, miopia ≥0,75D e astigmatismo > 1D) e à mensuração do erro de refração sob cicloplegia com o photoscreener e o autorrefrator. Somente os dados de refração do olho direito foram analisados. Os achados foram convertidos em vetores de magnitude para análise. Resultados: Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do método de rastreamento visual foram 67,2% e 63,5% e do photoscreening, foram 76,1% e 79,1%. A diferença da refração do SVS com o autorrefrator foi de +0,154 DE com -0,170 DC no eixo de 6 graus para o olho direito de cada paciente. Conclusões: Na população avaliada o método de rastreamento refrativo por photoscreener foi mais efetivo que o do rastreamento visual. A comparação dos resultados da refração sob cicloplegia com o autorrefrator validou o uso do photoscreener como um método de refração acurado para a mensuração de erros refrativos em escolares. A maioria dos escolares receberam os óculos com a tecnologia ready to Clip™ no momento da prescrição.

Abstract Background: The visual screening performed in schools is sometimes the only opportunity to detect uncorrected refraction errors (URE) causing low visual impairments, prejudice in the acquisition of knowledge, dropout and school repetition, poor motor skills, difficulty in social interaction and low self-esteem in schoolchildren. Objectives: To compare the detection of URE in elementary school children by visual screening (measurement of the AV with the Snellen table) and photoscreening; to evaluate the accuracy of the SpotTM Vision Screener (Welch Allyn) as an autorefractor by comparing its refraction measurements with those of the autorefractor Topcon KR 800 (Japan) and to verify the proportion of glasses with ready to ClipTM technology dispensed at the time of the students’ evaluation. Methods: Two hundred ninety-seven students were submitted to visual screening (cutoff point: AV monocular ≤ 0.7 and/or difference two Snellen lines between the eyes), photoscreening (cutoff point: hypermetropia ≥ 3, 00D, myopia ≥ 0, 75D and astigmatism > 1D) and the measurement of the refraction error under cycloplegia with the photoscreener and autorefractor. Only the refraction data of the right eye were analyzed. The findings were converted into vectors of magnitude for analysis. Results: The sensitivity and specificity values of the visual screening method were 67.2% and 63.5% and photo screening were 76.1% and 79.1%. The mean difference between refraction by SVS and autorefractor was of + 0.154 SD combined with -0.170 DC in the 6-degree axis for the right eye of each patient. Conclusions: In the population evaluated the method of refractive screening by photoscreener was more effective than the visual screening. The comparison of the results of refraction under cycloplegia with the autorefractor validated the use of photoscreener as an accurate refraction method for the measurement of refractive errors in schoolchildren. The majority of the students received their glasses with ready to Clip™ technology at the time of prescription.

Resumo Objetivos: Obter dados para estabelecer parâmetros ósseos a fim de guiar o posicionamento adequado de dentes artificiais anteriores na maxila. Métodos: Um total de 60 crânios com todos os dentes permanentes anteriores, relação molar Classe I Angle, overjet e overbite ate 3 mm e alinhamento entre os incisivos centrais superiores foi selecionado. Três medições foram feitas: (A) distancia entre a superfície labial dos incisivos centrais superiores a parede posterior do forame incisivo (FI), (B) distancia entre a parede posterior do FI a porção distal da espinha nasal posterior e (C) largura do incisivos centrais superiores. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi aplicado para avaliar as correlações entre as medidas obtidas. A análise de variância de dois fatores foi utilizada para avaliar a influencia da faixa etária e do sexo nas medidas realizadas. Resultados: Não houve correlação entre as distancias A e B, e entre as medições B e C. Houve fraca correlação entre as medidas A e C. A idade e o sexo não interferiram nos resultados das medidas. A distância A exibiu um valor relativamente constante, de 15 mm. Conclusões: Não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação matemática entre a distancia da superfície labial dos incisivos centrais superiores ao FI e a distancia da parede posterior do FI a espinha nasal posterior. A distancia dos incisivos centrais até a parede posterior do FI em torno de 15 mm poderia ser um parâmetro adicional para guiar o posicionamento antero-posterior dos dentes artificiais anteriores superiores em casos de reabilitação protética.

Abstract Objectives: To obtain data supporting the establishment of bony anatomical parameters to guide the proper arrangement of anterior artificial teeth in the maxilla. Methods: A total of 60 skulls with all permanent anterior teeth, Angle Class I molar relationship, overjet and overbite of up to 3 mm, and alignment between the maxillary central incisors were selected. Three measurements were obtained: (A) distance from the labial surface of the maxillary central incisors to the incisive foramen (IF) posterior wall, (B) distance from the IF posterior wall to the distal portion of the posterior nasal spine, and (C) width of the maxillary central incisors. Pearson’s correlation test was applied to evaluate the correlations between the obtained measurements. The two-way analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of age and sex on measurements. Results: There was no correlation between the distances A and B, or between B and C, and only a weak correlation was noted between measurements A and C. Age and sex did not interfere with the results of the measurements. Distance A exhibited a relatively constant value of 15 mm. Conclusions: It was not possible to establish a mathematical correlation between the distance from the labial surface of the maxillary central incisors to the IF and the distance from the IF posterior wall to the posterior nasal spine. The 15-mm distance from the central incisors to the IF posterior wall could be an additional parameter to guide anteroposterior positioning of the maxillary anterior artificial teeth in cases of prosthetic rehabilitation.

Abstract The structural complexity of galls depends on species-specific interaction driven by the galling taxa. However, the host plant and environment stressors can impose limits on gall developmental patterns and impact the establishment of gall morphology. Herein, we employed qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to elucidate how cell divisions, elongation patterns, and tissue organization are determinant for the development of intralaminar gall morphology induced by Pseudophacopteron longicaudatum Malenovský, Burckhardt, Queiroz, Isaias & Oliveira (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Phacopteronidae) on leaves of Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. (Apocynaceae). In addition, we aimed to determine which anatomical process can discriminate the stages of gall development, plus, examine the histochemical and cytological profiles of the galls. The differentiated structures, mainly abaxial epidermis and spongy parenchyma, are associated with gall closure, with hyperplastic events concentrated in the young phase of the galls. Thus, epidermis and spongy parenchyma hypertrophy and are responsible for the determination of the nymphal chamber formation and gall shape. The mature galls do not differentiate into a typical nutritive cells and do not develop a histochemical gradient in their tissues. The cytological features of galls such as plastoglobules and multivesicular bodies are related to ROS scavenging mechanisms due the high oxidative stress.

Resumo A cultura do abacaxi da cultivar Turiaçu é importante para o setor frutícola do Estado do Maranhão (MA), Brasil, devido à qualidade dos frutos e pelo valor social e econômico local. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar características de plantas de abacaxizeiro da cultivar Turiaçu nos estádios vegetativo e propagativo, em dois locais, utilizando duas fontes de fertilização. O estudo foi realizado nos municípios de Turiaçu-MA e São Luís- MA, com o uso da adubação mineral e orgânica. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao número de folhas e massa seca das folhas; diâmetro do caule, comprimento e à massa seca; largura, comprimento e massa fresca e seca da folha D; e número de rebentos (mudas). As plantas cultivadas em Turiaçu, com adubação mineral, apresentaram maior número de folhas (até 162,5% maior) e de número de mudas (até 233,3% maior) do que as cultivadas em São Luís sob adubação orgânica. Os resultados do estudo indicam que as condições climáticas mais favoráveis do município de Turiaçu foram decisivas para o sucesso da cultivar, e a adubação orgânica utilizada não foi adequada.

Abstract Pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu are important for the fruit production sector in the state of Maranhão (MA), Brazil, because of their fruit quality and local social and economic value. The objective of the present work was to evaluate characteristics of pineapple plants of the cultivar Turiaçu at vegetative and propagative stages in two places, using two fertilization sources. The study was conducted in the municipalities of Turiaçu and São Luís, MA, using mineral and organic fertilizations. The plants were evaluated for number of leaves and leaf dry weight; stem diameter, length, and dry weight; width, length, and fresh and dry weights of the D leaf; and number of suckers (plantlets). Plants grown in Turiaçu under mineral fertilization had higher number of leaves (up to 162.5% higher) and higher number of suckers (up to 233.3% higher) than those grown in São Luís under organic fertilization. The results of the study indicate that the more favorable climate conditions in the municipality of Turiaçu were decisive for the success of the cultivar, and the organic fertilizer used was not adequate.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o padrão dos tempos de rally e dos complexos no voleibol escolar. Analisou-se 52 jogos, que foram gravados em filmadora digital. Avaliou-se os tempos de rallies e seus intervalos, a densidade do set, além de quantificar e caracterizar os complexos e as ações nos rallies. Os resultados mostram que o voleibol escolar exibe tempo de intervalo entre rallies 2,5x maior que o tempo de rally, caracterizando-o como um esporte intermitente de alta intensidade em curta duração. Equipes escolares mais jovens e femininas realizam menores números de complexos e de ações, reduzindo o tempo de rally, porém, elevam o tempo de intervalos entre rallies promovendo menor densidade de jogo. O voleibol escolar exibe padrão dos tempos de rallies, frequências dos tipos de complexos e número de ações similares aos de alto rendimento. Também verificou-se que o tempo de intervalo não altera entre os tipos de rallies. Todavia, diferem na quantidade de complexos por rally e na densidade de tempo jogado, devido apresentar maior tempo de rally e menor de intervalos. Conclui-se que o voleibol escolar Sub17 masculino exibe maiores similaridades nos padrões de rallies e complexos ao voleibol de alto rendimento.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the pattern of rally times and complexes in school volleyball. A total of 52 matches were analyzed, all video recorded on a digital camera. Rally times were analyzed along with their intervals, and complexes as well as actions in the rallies were quantified and characterized. Results show that school volleyball has an interval time between rallies 2.5x higher than the rally time, characterizing it as an intermittent sport of short-length high intensity. Younger and female teams performed a lower number of complexes and actions, reducing the rally time, but had more interval times between rallies, promoting lower match density. The pattern of rally times, complex type frequencies and number of actions in volleyball are similar to those of high-performance game. It was also possible to observe that interval time did not change between rally times. However, they differ as to number of complexes per rally and to played time density for presenting longer rally times and shorter intervals. It is concluded that male Under-17 school volleyball has more similarities with the patterns of rallies and complexes as high-performance volleyball.

A bananeira, uma das frutíferas tropicais mais cultivadas, é uma espécie suscetível ao déficit hídrico e apresenta considerável resposta fisiológica à escassez de água. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar o comprometimento ecofisiológio de mudas de duas cultivares de banana sob diferentes níveis de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas cultivares de bananeira: Pacovan Ken e Fhia 18 e três regimes hídricos (0%, 67% e 100% CC), totalizando seis tratamentos. A cultivar Pacovan Ken mostrou ser melhor adaptada às condições do estresse hídrico aplicado, com danos mais tardios à integridade do aparato fotossintético das plantas, o que pode estar relacionado ao fato dessa cultivar apresentar maior capacidade de refrigeração do dossel.

Banana is one of the most cultivated fruits in tropical countries, however, the banana tree is susceptible to water deficit, with considerable physiological responses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate ecophysiological parameters of seedlings of two banana cultivars grown in different water stress levels. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Maranhão in a completely randomized design with four replications, using a 2×3 factorial arrangement consisting of two banana cultivars (Pacovan-Ken, and Fhia-18) and three water regimes (0%, 67%, and 100% of the field capacity). The cultivar Pacovan-Ken showed better adaptation to the water stress conditions, and presented less damages to the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants, which may be related to the higher canopy cooling capacity of plants of this cultivar.

Abstract: This study aimed to know the patterns of spatial distribution of Anastrepha spp. and establish a criterion for determining the appropriate time for pest control. For this, 90 McPhail traps were used as Sampling Units (SU) divided into three commercial orchards of Novo Milênio guava with a total area of 14 ha. Traps were interspersed between the rows of plants, systematically in the orchards, hung and baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein with weekly collections. We caught 8,170 Anastrepha spp. in 840 SU. The mean infestation index was compared to the three types of distribution: random, uniform, aggregate, and fit by the theoretical frequency distributions of Poisson, negative binomial and positive binomial. The populations of Anastrepha presented aggregate distribution according to the mean variance method (I), tested by distance from randomness. The economic damage risk potential of Anastrepha spp. was associated with the aggregate distribution behavior. The most appropriate moment for the use of control techniques is when reaching 20 flies by the negative binomial. On the other hand, number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), underestimates population index, which will allow population growth, leading to risk of crop production loss.