RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a presença de cárie dentária com a dieta alimentar, hábitos de higiene oral e o perfil socioeconômico de crianças do 5° ano da Escola Estadual Ensino Fundamental e Médio Pedro Simão do Município de Alegre, Espírito Santos, Brasil. Métodos: Foram aplicados questionários para avaliar o perfil socioeconômico, os hábitos alimentares e hábitos de higiene oral de 26 escolares do 5° ano; em seguida, foram realizados levantamento epidemiológico em relação à cárie dentária e a presença de placa bacteriana. Após o primeiro exame clínico, foram realizadas atividades educativas e preventivas em educação nutricional e de higiene oral. Uma semana após a aplicação das ações educacionais, o índice de placa foi reavaliado. Resultados: As variáveis ‘renda familiar’ e ‘número de membros na família’ foram estatisticamente significativas (p≤0.20) pela análise de regressão bivariada, tendo associação com a cárie, porém, as variáveis relacionadas à dieta não apresentaram associação significativa (p>0.20) com a cárie. O IHOS inicial foi 1.85, e o final 0.92, sendo significativamente menor (p<0.05) após a intervenção realizada. O CPO-D foi de 1.81, resultado acima da média da região Sudeste do Brasil, obtida em 2010 pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SB Brasil). Conclusão: A prevalência de cárie foi elevada na amostra estudada e a intervenção realizada foi de suma importância para reduzir os níveis de placa bacteriana dental dos escolares e melhorar a condição da higiene oral, afirmando que é necessário desenvolver ações educativas continuadas para que a saúde seja mantida.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between the presence of tooth decay and the eating habits, oral hygiene habits, and socioeconomic profile of children in the fifth grade at the state secondary and elementary school Pedro Simão in Alegre, ES. Methods: Questionnaires were used to evaluate the socioeconomic profile, eating habits, and oral hygiene habits of the fifth-grade students. Then an epidemiological survey on dental caries and on the presence of dental plaque was conducted. After the first clinical examination, the students completed educational and preventive activities about nutritional and oral hygiene education. One week after the performance of the educational actions, the dental plate index was evaluated. Results: The variables “family income” and “number of members” in the family were statistically significant (p≤0.20) with caries association using a bivariate regression analysis. However, variables related to diet did not present a significant association with caries (p>0.20). The initial and final IHOS were 1.85 and 0.92, respectively, which was significantly lower after the intervention (p<0.05). The DMFT was 1.81, which is higher than the average for the Southeast Brazil, obtained in 2010 by the Brazilian National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil). Conclusion The caries prevalence was high in the sample studied, and the intervention was important to reduce the students’ dental plaque levels and improve their oral hygiene condition. Thus, it is necessary to develop continuous educational programs so that oral health is maintained.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine serum retinol and some mineral (zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and copper) levels in seven Mangalarga Marchador colts aged 329.48 days, reared on pasture in the city of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil, during the dry season. Equines were evaluated for four periods of 45 days during the total study period of five months. The foals had access to Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture, while water and mineral salt lick were provided ad libitum. Blood samples were taken to determine serum retinol and levels of minerals, along with pasture samples to quantify beta-carotene in the grass. The results indicated that retinol levels varied (2.87 to 1.97 µg/dL) and remained below the standard levels. The levels of zinc, iron, calcium, and phosphorus did not vary significantly with average values of 36.79 µg/dL, 77.32 µg/dL, 10.33 mg/dL, and 9.99 mg/dL, respectively. However, zinc and calcium remained below standard concentrations of 60-120 µg/dL and 10.8-13.5 mg/dL, respectively, since the beginning of the study. On the other hand, copper and magnesium levels decreased over time (97.76 to 77.56 mg/dL and 2.86 to 2.21 µg/dL, respectively), but showed normal levels for horses during the research. Beta-carotene in grass showed a downward trend over time from 38.53 to 0.09 mg/kg of dry matter. The results also indicated a significant relationship between serum retinol and serum copper levels. Vitamin A supplementation is necessary whenever foals are fed pastures during the dry season.

O trabalho avaliou o efeito da suplementação com leveduras na dieta de equinos em treinamento, sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o desempenho metabólico dos animais. Doze equinos foram distribuídos em 2 grupos: Pr (equinos que receberam 20 g de probióticos diariamente) e Controle. A dieta foi composta de volumoso (haylage) e concentrado comercial e todos os equinos foram treinados durante 6 semanas. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi avaliada utilizando o indicador LIPE® (7 dias) e a coleta de fezes foi realizada durante cinco dias. Foi analisado MS, PB, DE, P, FDN, FDA, HCEL e lignina. Antes e após o treinamento, todos os cavalos foram submetidos a um teste incremental ergoespirométrico. Os equinos que receberam leveduras vivas apresentaram um aumento (p <0,05) de 4,1% na digestibilidade da HCEL. Após o treinamento, ambos os grupos apresentaram maior tolerância à fadiga, com um aumento na AT e no VO2max. O treinamento melhorou o desempenho dos animais, e a digestibilidade da hemicelulose e DE foi maior no grupo Pr, mas esses aumentos não melhoraram o desempenho desses animais.

This research analyses the yeast supplementation effect on the digestibility of nutrients and metabolic performance in training horses. Twelve horses were assigned into 2 groups: Pr (20 g of probiotics daily per horse) and control. The diet consisted of roughage (haylage) and commercial rations and all horses were trained for 6 weeks. LIPE® indicator was used during 7 days and feces collected for five days to determine nutrient digestibility. DM, CP, DE, P, NDF, ADF, HCEL and lignin were determined. All horses were subjected to incremental ergospirometry test before and at the end of training. Horses that received live yeast showed an increase (p<0.05) of 4.1% in the digestibility of HCEL. After training, both horse groups presented higher tolerance to fatigue, with an increase in AT and VO2max. The training improved animal performance, hemicellulose digestibility and DE was higher in Pr, but these increases did not improve the performance of these animals.

O trabalho foi realizado visando avaliar a influência da suplementação de probióticos ou fitase sobre o consumo diário de matéria seca (CMS), o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e a conversão alimentar (CA) de 24 potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador (16 machos e 8 fêmeas), com 241,6 ± 23,2 dias de idade e 216,7 ± 27,8 kg de peso vivo (PV). O experimento teve duração de 28 dias: os 23 iniciais para adaptação à dieta e ao manejo e os cinco finais para coleta de fezes. A dieta foi composta por pastagem de Cynodon e concentrado comercial (1,2 kg/100 kg PV), além de água e sal mineral à vontade. Os tratamentos foram: dieta basal (controle); dieta basal + 5 g/dia de leveduras vivas (10(9) UFC/g de Saccharomyces cerevisiae); dieta basal + 2 g/dia de bactérias (10(8) UFC/g de B. bifidum, E. faecium, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum) e leveduras vivas (10(5) UFC/g de S. cerevisiae) e dieta basal + fitase (1.250 FTU/dia). Para estimativa do consumo de matéria seca, foram utilizados o indicador externo LIPE® e a técnica de digestibilidade in situ. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 4 × 2, e as médias comparadas pelo teste Student, considerando o efeito da covariável PV inicial para porcentagens de CMS por PV. O consumo de matéria seca total dos grupos variou de 2,4 a 2,8% PV, de modo que os animais sob suplementação com bactérias e leveduras vivas apresentaram menor CMS total e de volumoso. Todos os animais tiveram GPD médio de 0,33 kg/dia e o grupo sob suplementação com bactérias e leveduras vivas teve conversão alimentar do volumoso 32,42 a 43,83% menor que a observada no grupo controle e naquele sob suplementação com fitase. A fitase, na dosagem de 205 FTU/kg de MS da dieta basal, não influenciou os parâmetros avaliados. O probiótico composto por bactérias e leveduras vivas melhorou a eficiência alimentar do volumoso e pode ser utilizado como estratégia nutricional para manutenção da condição corporal de potros durante o período seco.

The objective was to assess the effect of probiotic or phytase supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC) in 24 Mangalarga Marchador foals (16 males, 8 females), with 241.6 ± 23.2 days of age, and 216.7 ± 27.8 kg of body weight (BW). The study lasted 28 days, the first 23 days for diet and handling adaptation, and the last five days for feces collection. The basal diet consisted of Cynodon pasture and pelleted concentrate (1.2 kg/100 kg BW), as well as water and mineral salt ad libitum. Treatments groups were assigned as follows: basal diet (control); basal diet + 5 g/day of live yeast culture (10(9) CFU/g of S. cerevisiae); basal diet + 2 g/day of live bacteria (10(8) CFU/g of B. bifidum, E. faecium, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum) and yeast culture (10(5) CFU/g of S. cerevisiae); and basal diet + 1250 FTU/day of phytase. Pasture DMI was estimated with an external marker (LIPE™) associated with cecal in situ digestibility of dry matter. All foals were randomized, by replicated, using a 4 × 2 factorial, and results were compared using Student t-test, taking into consideration the effect of initial BW as covariate for the percentage DMI per BW. Among foals, DMI varied from 2.4 to 2.8% BW, with foals supplemented with live bacteria and yeast having lower DMI (total diet and forage). All animals had an ADG of 0.33 kg/day, and foals supplemented with live bacteria and yeast had FC 32.42 to 43.83% lower than foals supplemented with phytase or fed only basal diet. The phytase dose of 205 FTU/kg DM in the basal diet had no effects. Probiotic composed of live bacteria and yeast culture improved feed efficiency of forage and can be used as a nutritional strategy to maintain body condition in foals during the dry season.

This study was carried out to investigate the contamination of soil garden, back yard from 149 houses and two public schools playgrounds areas with Ancylostoma spp and Toxocara spp eggs from the Córrego da Fortuna community, Dois Irmaos area in City of Recife-PE, Brazil. The samples were collected during summer and winter and analyzed by centrifugal flotation technique by using of 33% Zinc sulfate solution. The results showed Ancylostoma spp. and Toxocara spp eggs in 4.69% (07/ 149) and 8.73% (13/149) of samples respectively from garden, back yard, but eggs of nematodes were not recovered from public schools playgrounds. The study indicates that exposure of human to helminthes with zoonotic potential may be higher indoor than outdoor

El objetivo de este artículo fue la investigación de la contaminación por huevos de Ancylostoma spp y Toxocara spp en el suelo del patio o jardín de 149 residencias y del área de recreo de dos escuelas situadas en la comunidad de Córrego da Fortuna no Bairro de Dois Irmáos, en Recife-PE (BRASIL). Las muestras fueron recogidas durante el invierno y verano y procesadas mediante la técnica de centrifugo-fluctuación, utilizando solución de sulfato de zinc al 33%. De las muestras de suelo de residencias, 4,69% (07/ 149) fueron positivas para huevos de Ancylostoma spp y 8,73% (13/149) para huevos de Toxocara spp. Las muestras provenientes de las dos escuelas fueron negativas para huevos de nematodos. Los hallazgos muestran que la exposición de las personas por helmintos con potencial zoonótico, se demostró mayor en el ambiente domiciliar de que fuera deste ambiente