Resumo Esta pesquisa busca contribuir para o conhecimento das características das interações mediadas por tecnologia entre adultos e crianças no contexto de isolamento social preventivo e obrigatório (ASPO) na Argentina, durante a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19. Especificamente, propõe-se estudar se os contextos de interação com as tecnologias dão origem à produção narrativa das crianças, que características as intervenções dos adultos apresentam em relação à construção da história e quais as intervenções dos adultos respondem às condições da comunicação mediada pela tecnologia. Para tanto, foi analisado um corpus de gravações em vídeo no domicílio que registra situações naturais em que crianças entre 2 e 6 anos utilizam dispositivos tecnológicos (Rosemberg et al., 2021). Os resultados mostram que as situações com tecnologias representam oportunidades para a produção narrativa infantil. Além disso, coincidem com antecedentes que sublinham a relevância da participação contingente do adulto para promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil durante as interações com as tecnologias. Especificamente, destacam-se as estratégias discursivas de adultos que objetivam balizar o desenvolvimento da história infantil (reestruturam, expandem e reconceituam as transmissões infantis, encorajam as crianças a continuar narrando por meio de comentários avaliativos) e manter a interação virtual (reparar falhas técnicas). Assim, representa um dos poucos estudos em nossa região que fornece evidências sobre a produção narrativa infantil mediada por tecnologia no período de isolamento por COVID-19 na Argentina, um contexto novo e desafiador.

Abstract This research seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the characteristics of technology-mediated interactions between adults and children in the context of social, preventive, and mandatory isolation (ASPO) in Argentina during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Specifically, it aims to study whether the contexts of interaction with technologies give rise to children's narrative production, as well as the characteristics of adult interventions in relation to the story's construction and the adult interventions that are motivated by the conditions of technology-mediated communication. For this purpose, a dataset of home video recordings of natural situations in which children between 2 and 6 years old use technological devices was analyzed (Rosemberg et al., 2021). The results show that situations that involve the use of technologies provide opportunities for children's narrative production. In addition, they agree with previous literature that underlines the relevance of adults' contingent participation during interactions involving technology for the development of children's language. Specifically, the analysis highlights adults' discursive strategies that aim to scaffold the development of children's stories (by restructuring, expanding, and reconceptualizing children's utterances and by encouraging children to continue narrating through evaluative comments) and to sustain virtual interaction (by repairing technical failures). Thus, this research stands as one of the few studies in our region that provides evidence about children's narrative production mediated by technology during confinement due to COVID-19 in Argentina, a new and challenging context.

Resumen Esta investigación busca contribuir al conocimiento de las características de las interacciones mediadas por tecnologías entre adultos y niños en el contexto del Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO) en Argentina, durante la pandemia provocada por COVID-19. En concreto, se propone estudiar si los contextos de interacción con tecnologías dan lugar a la producción narrativa infantil, qué características presentan las intervenciones de los adultos en relación con la construcción del relato y qué intervenciones adultas responden a las condiciones de la comunicación mediada por tecnologías. Con este propósito, se analizó un corpus de videograbaciones en el hogar que registra situaciones naturales en las que niños de entre 2 y 6 años utilizan dispositivos tecnológicos (Rosemberg et al., 2021). Los resultados evidencian que las situaciones que involucran el empleo de tecnologías representan oportunidades para la producción narrativa por parte de los niños. Además, coinciden con antecedentes que subrayan la relevancia que posee la participación contingente del adulto durante las interacciones con tecnologías para promover el desarrollo del lenguaje infantil. Específicamente, se destacan las estrategias discursivas de los adultos que apuntan a andamiar el desarrollo del relato infantil (reestructuran, expanden y reconceptualizan las emisiones infantiles, alientan a los niños a seguir narrando mediante comentarios evaluativos) y a sostener la interacción virtual (reparan fallas técnicas). Así, representa uno de los pocos estudios de nuestra región que brinda evidencia sobre la producción narrativa infantil mediada por tecnologías en el período de aislamiento por COVID-19 en Argentina, un contexto novedoso y desafiante.

Abstract: Background and Aims: The reefs of the Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel constitute one of the main reef formations in Mexico. However, up to date phycofloristic studies that allow detecting changes in the phycofloristic composition or its affinity for some substrates are practically non-existent. Our aim was to determine the taxonomic composition of marine macroalgae present in the Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, as well as realize their morphological descriptions and an analysis of their affinity with the substrate they colonize. Methods: The sampling was carried out in October and November 2018 by autonomous diving in 14 reefs of the Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel. Morphological observations were made using optical and stereoscopic microscopes. The taxonomic determination was made using specialized literature. Key results: Fourty-two taxa were determined: five Ochrophyta, 12 Rhodophyta and 25 Chlorophyta. The best-represented family for Ochrophyta was Dictyotaceae; for Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae and Rhodomelaceae; and for Chlorophyta, Halimedaceae. New records for the Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel are described, including Lobophora guadeloupensis as a new record for Mexico. Additionally, four different substrates for the algae were identified: psammophytic (33%), epilithic (32%), epizoic (19%) and epiphytic (16%). The most diverse reefs were La Francesa (LF) and Santa Rosa (SR), whereas the least diverse were Chankanaab (CK) and Tormentos (TM). Conclusions: Although many of the previous records in the area were confirmed in the present study, the presence of 18 new records revealed, on the one hand, the lack of constant monitoring of the algal richness of the region, and on the other hand, the need for morphological descriptions or photographic references that allow contrasting the previous records with the current ones. Given the importance of the Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, our results, in addition to offering updated information, represent a starting point for studies in conservation biology.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los arrecifes del Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel constituyen una de las principales formaciones arrecifales de México. Sin embargo, actualmente, son prácticamente inexistentes los estudios ficoflorísticos que permiten detectar cambios en la composición ficoflorística o su afinidad por algún sustrato. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue determinar la composición taxonómica de macroalgas marinas presentes en el Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, así como realizar sus descripciones morfológicas y análisis de afinidad con el sustrato que colonizan. Métodos: Los muestreos se realizaron en octubre y noviembre de 2018 en 14 arrecifes del Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, mediante buceo autónomo. Se realizaron observaciones morfo-anatómicas utilizando tanto microscopios ópticos como estereoscópicos. La determinación taxonómica se realizó a partir de literatura especializada. Resultados clave: Se determinaron 42 taxa: cinco Ochrophyta, 12 Rhodophyta y 25 Chlorophyta. La familia mejor representada para Ochrophyta fue Dictyotaceae; para Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae y Rhodomelaceae; y para Chlorophyta, Halimedaceae. Se describen nuevos registros para el Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel incluyendo a Lobophora guadeloupensis como nuevo registro para México. Adicionalmente, se identificaron cuatro diferentes sustratos para las algas: psamofítico (33%), epilítico (32%), epizoico (19%) y epífito (16%). Los arrecifes más diversos fueron La Francesa (LF) y Santa Rosa (SR), y los menos diversos fueron Chankanaab (CK) y Tormentos (TM). Conclusiones: Aunque muchos de los registros previos en el área fueron confirmados en el presente estudio, la presencia de 18 nuevos registros reveló, por un lado, la falta de monitoreos constantes de la riqueza algal de la región, y, por otro lado, la necesidad de contar con descripciones morfológicas o referencias fotográficas que permitan contrastar los registros previos con los actuales. Dada la importancia del Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel, nuestros resultados, además de ofrecer información actualizada, representan un punto de partida para estudios en biología de la conservación.

ABSTRACT Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that has a long incubation period and can lead to disabilities. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, so detection of advanced-stage disease is very common. The main risk group are healthy contacts of infected people without treatment, who need constant monitoring for early detection of the disease. There is and effective multi-drug therapy to treat the disease, but nerve damage is irreversible. In the present study, an epidemiological and clinical characterization of Paraguayan patients with multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy and their household contacts (HCMB and HCPB) was carried out before and after treatment of the index case (T0 and T1, respectively). who resorted to the PNCL between 2018 and 2020. For that, blood and serum samples from 24 patients with leprosy and 17 household contacts were analyzed at the time of diagnosis of the index case and at the end of treatment, using standard laboratory tools for routine analysis. Through the use of clinical records, interviews were conducted to obtain epidemiological data. Patients were mostly male and contacts female, mostly from the countryside departments and the Central department, living in overcrowded conditions. There was a higher recruitment of MB and HCMB individuals. We observed no significant changes in the white blood cell levels amongst patients compared to healthy individuals but whereas contacts showed altered levels. The GOT liver enzyme level and BI level decreased after treatment of patients. Paraguayan patients with leprosy reflect demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics that are usually described for patients with this pathology. The analysis of biochemical parameters can help monitoring patients and household contacts for adequate surveillance of pathogen transmission.

RESUMEN La Lepra es una enfermedad crónica discapacitante causada por Mycobacterium leprae que presenta un largo periodo de incubación. El diagnóstico está basado en las manifestaciones clínicas por lo que la detección de la enfermedad en estadío avanzado es muy frecuente. El principal grupo de riesgo de enfermedad son los contactos sanos de personas infectadas sin tratamiento, por lo cual es importante el seguimiento de los mismos, para la detección temprana de la enfermedad. Existe una terapia de múltiples fármacos efectiva para tratar la enfermedad, pero las lesiones nerviosas son irreversibles. En el presente estudio, se realizó una caracterización epidemiológica y clínica de pacientes paraguayos con lepra multibacilar (MB), paucibacilar (PB) y sus contactos intradomiciliarios (CMB y CPB) antes y después del tratamiento del caso índice (T0 y T1 respectivamente), que recurrieron al PNCL entre los años 2018 y 2020. Para ello, fueron analizadas muestras de sangre y suero de 24 pacientes con lepra y 17 contactos intradomiciliarios, al momento del diagnóstico del caso índice y al culminar el tratamiento, utilizando herramientas estándar de laboratorio para análisis de rutina. Mediante el uso de fichas clínicas se realizaron entrevistas para la obtención de datos epidemiológicos. Se observó una mayor frecuencia de pacientes de sexo masculino y contactos de sexo femenino, en su mayoría procedentes del interior del país y del departamento Central, viviendo en condiciones hacinadas. Hubo un mayor reclutamiento de individuos MB y CMB. No hubo cambios significativos en los niveles de glóbulos blancos de los pacientes, pero sí en los contactos. Se observó que los niveles de enzima hepática GOT y los niveles de BI disminuyen posterior al tratamiento de pacientes. Los pacientes paraguayos que presentan lepra, reflejan características demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas que usualmente son descriptos para los pacientes con esta patología. El análisis de parámetros bioquímicos ayuda en la labor de monitorear a los pacientes y contactos domésticos para la vigilancia adecuada de la transmisión del patógeno.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A proximidade das raízes com o seio maxilar pode criar uma variedade de riscos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre as raízes dos dentes hígidos com o seio maxilar, assim como com a ocorrência de doenças sinusais. MÉTODO: Três radiologistas analisaram 109 imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). O teste Kappa avaliou a concordância intra e interexaminadores. Os testes de Qui-quadrado e Razão de Prevalência foram utilizados para testar a hipótese de que raízes de dentes hígidos dentro do seio maxilar favorecem a ocorrência doenças sinusais (nível de significância = 0,01). RESULTADOS: A concordância intra e interexaminadores variou de boa a excelente. O teste Qui-quadrado mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,006) entre as raízes dentárias dentro do seio maxilar patológico (6,09%) e aquelas dentro do seio normal (3,43%). O teste de Razão de Prevalência mostrou uma ocorrência de raízes dentárias dentro de seios patológicos estatisticamente maior do que dentro de seios normais (p < 0,0001). As raízes dentro do seio maxilar foram encontradas 1,82 vezes mais associadas a seios patológicos. CONCLUSÃO: Raízes dentárias dentro do seio maxilar são quase duas vezes mais associadas a seios patológicos do que a seios normais. Dentes hígidos que têm raízes dentro do seio maxilar podem induzir uma resposta inflamatória da mucosa sinusal. Suspeita-se que procedimentos odontológicos possam agravar tal situação.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The proximity of the roots to the maxillary sinus can create a variety of risks. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the roots of healthy teeth and the maxillary sinus, as well as the occurrence of sinus pathologies. METHODS: Three radiologists analyzed 109 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The Kappa test was used to assess the intra- and inter-rater agreement. The chi-squared test and prevalence ratio were used to test the hypothesis that roots of healthy teeth in the maxillary sinus favored the occurrence of sinus pathologies ( p = 0.01). RESULTS: Intra- and inter-rater agreement ranged from good to excellent. The chi-squared test demonstrated a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.006) between the tooth roots in diseased maxillary sinuses (6.09%) and those in normal sinuses (3.43%). The prevalence ratio test showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of tooth roots in diseased sinuses than in normal sinuses ( p < 0.0001). Roots in the maxillary sinus were 1.82 times more associated with diseased sinuses. CONCLUSION: Dental roots in the maxillary sinus are almost twice as likely to be associated with diseased sinuses than normal sinuses. Healthy teeth whose roots are inside the maxillary sinus may induce an inflammatory response in the sinus membrane. It is suspected that dental procedures may exacerbate the condition.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the relationship between palatal bone height and facial types using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: The study sample consisted of 110 CBCT images. Subjects aged 18 to 35 years old were classified as brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial, according to SN.GoGn angle, measured in cephalometric analysis with Nemotec 3D software. Three observers evaluated the bone height of the palate in the anterior region, at the level of the maxillary first premolars. The measurements were performed in sagittal and coronal views, in median and paramedian regions of the palate, also using Nemotec 3D software. Measurements were repeated after 15 days on 25% of the sample to analyse intra and interobserver agreements by CCI test. Analysis of variance was performed to calculate statistical differences between the bone heights of the three facial types, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The correlation level of intra-observer agreement was excellent. No significant differences were observed between the palatal bone height in the region of first premolars and the different facial types (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on CBCT evaluations, there is no association between palatal bone height and facial morphological patterns.

<sec><title>Aim:</title><p>To compare the qualitative and quantitative information yielded by imaging modalities on the evaluation of the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the apices of posterior teeth.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>Three oral radiologists examined 109 panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images obtained from a digital archive. A total of 1,875 apices were classified according to their topographic relationship in both imaging modalities. Agreements between the two imaging techniques were examined statistically. The evaluation was repeated in 25% of the sample to statistically evaluate the intraobserver agreement, with a 30-day interval.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>The values found in the Kappa test for qualitative assessment and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for quantitative assessment showed nearly perfect and excellent correlation, respectively. Regarding the correlation between the two images, the Kappa test in the quality assessment showed a slight correlation between the palatal roots of the right first molars and second molars. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation by ICC showed poor agreement for the palatal roots of the left first molar and second molar, as well as for the buccomesial of the right second molars and for the buccodistal of the left second molars.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>There is low correlation between panoramic radiography and CBCT when roots are in contact or above the maxillary sinus floor. A high level of agreement was observed when roots are below the maxillary sinus floor.</p></sec>

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability to produce alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TA) by A. alternata and A. infectoria strains recovered from wheat kernels obtained from one of the main production area in Argentina; to confirm using AFLPs molecular markers the identify of the isolates up to species level, and to evaluate the intra and inter-specific genetic diversity of these two Alternaria species. Among all the Alternaria strains tested (254), 84% of them were able to produce mycotoxins. The most frequent profile of toxin production found was the co-production of AOH and AME in both species tested. TA was only produced by strains of A. alternata. Amplified fragment polymorphism (AFLPs) analysis was applied to a set of 89 isolates of Alternaria spp (40 were A. infectoria and 49 were A. alternata) in order to confirm the morphological identification. The results showed that AFLPs are powerful diagnostic tool for differentiating between A. alternata and A. infectoria. Indeed, in the current study the outgroup strains, A. tenuissima was consistently classified. Characteristic polymorphic bands separated these two species regardless of the primer combination used. Related to intraspecific variability, A. alternata and A. infectoria isolates evaluated seemed to form and homogeneous group with a high degree of similarity among the isolates within each species. However, there was more scoreable polymorphism within A. alternata than within A. infectoria isolates. There was a concordance between morphological identification and separation up to species level using molecular markers. Clear polymorphism both within and between species showed that AFLP can be used to asses genetic variation in A. alternata and A. infectoria. The most important finding of the present study was the report on AOH and AME production by A. infectoria strains isolated from wheat kernels in Argentina on a semisynthetic media for the first time. Also, specific bands for A. alternata and A. infectoria have been identified; these may be useful for the design of specific PCR primers in order to differentiate these species and to detect them in cereals.

A produção de óleos essenciais apresenta-se crescente no Brasil, especialmente devido aos benefícios que determinadas substâncias contidas nesses podem acrescentar à saúde e à gama de produtos cosméticos, de higiene e fármacos que são originários de seu processamento. Baseado nessas condições e na vasta área no Rio Grande do Sul onde está sendo implantada a cultura do eucalipto o presente estudo busca formas de dinamizar a estrutura econômica da cultura, buscando a geração de novas oportunidades de negócios através da extração do óleo contido na parte foliar do eucalipto, subproduto da indústria papeleira, atual principal interesse econômico da cultura. Partindo desses pressupostos, elaborou-se um projeto conceitual de equipamento móvel que fosse capaz de atender à demanda de processamento da cultura, determinando um fluxograma de processamento e adequando os equipamentos para atender a essa demanda. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a viabilidade técnica e econômica da implantação do sistema de extração móvel para óleo essencial de eucalipto, na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, realizando estudos técnicos para o aprimoramento e fechamento de projeto conceitual e análise de viabilidade econômica para determinação das variáveis que discriminam o êxito do projeto. Conclui-se que o projeto conceitual apresenta aspectos vantajosos, em especial quanto à mobilidade, flexibilidade de utilização, minimização de espaços ociosos e uso de água em circuito semifechado. Na análise de viabilidade econômica, os cenários simulados apresentam valores positivos para Valor Presente Líquido, Taxa Interna de Retorno acima da Taxa Mínima de Atratividade e Tempo de Retorno do Capital relativamente reduzido, mesmo para o cenário considerado crítico.

The production of essential oils has become increasing in Brazil, especially considering the benefits that certain substances can add to health and range of cosmetics, toiletries and drugs that originate in its processing. Based on these conditions and in the vast area of the Rio Grande do Sul where it is being implanted the culture of eucalyptus, this study seeks ways to boost the economic structure of culture, seeking to generate new business opportunities through the extraction of oil contained in the leaves Eucalyptus, a byproduct of the paper industry, the current main economic interest of culture. Based on these assumptions, it was elaborated a conceptual design of a mobile equipment able to meet the processing demand of the crop, determining a diagram processing flow and fitting the equipment to meet this demand. Subsequently, it was evaluated the technical and economic feasibility of deploying the mobile extraction system for essential oil of eucalyptus in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, conducting technical studies for the improvement and efficiency of the conceptual design and economic feasibility analysis to determine variables that determine the success of the project. It was conclude that the conceptual design has beneficial aspects, especially regarding the mobility, flexibility of use, minimization of empty spaces and water use in semi-closed circuit. In the analysis of economic feasibility, the simulated scenarios showed positive values for Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return above the minimum rate of attractiveness and capital Payback relatively short, even for the scenarios considered critical.

Se presenta el caso de un paciente que conducía un vehículo automotor en estado de embriaguez alcohólica, tuvo un vuelco y cayó en un canal de riego, por lo que sufrió un síndrome de ahogamiento incompleto. Fue ingresado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con una neumonía aguda inflamatoria y se le aisló en sangre una cepa de Aeromonas hydrophila. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente. Se trata del primer reporte de su tipo en nuestro país.

Se estudiaron 27 casos de Aeromonas aisladas de 300 niños menores de 5 años con enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA), con el objetivo de demostrar la presencia de algunos marcadores fenotípicos asociados con la enteropatogenicidad, entre ellos: descarboxilación de la lisina, producción de acetil metil carbinol, enteroxigenicidad, citoxicidad y hemólisis. El ciento por ciento de las cepas estudiadas poseía 2 o más de los marcadores investigados y 13 (48 %) lisaron los eritrocitos de conejo con títulos mayor de 1:16. Se demostró la presencia de los marcadores en las especies Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria y Aeromonas caviae.