Vegetable proteases have been studied as milk coagulants, and artichoke flower (Cynara cardunculus L. var scolymus) has potential coagulant action as a substitute for microbial chymosin. The objective was to perform chemical characterization of aspartic proteases from artichoke flower (Cynara cardunculus L. var scolymus) by mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) and analytical measurements. Artichoke flower extracts were obtained and crude thistle flower extract and microbial chymosin were used as a reference. Plant extracts and microbial chymosin were analyzed for protein concentration, proteolytic activity (PA), milk clotting activity (MCA), specificity ratio (SR), effects of pH, temperature, NaCl and CaCl2 concentration on MCA and PA and characterized by electrophoretic, spectroscopic, chromatographic and storage stability. The results indicated that the crude extract of artichoke flower showed high MCA (510.08 SU mL 1), low PA (10.50 µg mg-1), SR (48.57) and storage stability for up to 90 days under frozen. The electrophoretic profile of artichoke flower resulted in a protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa, associated with cardosin A. Artichoke flower may be a new alternative for commercial plant proteases with active enzymes for milk coagulation.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Since particles are released in syringes during intravitreal injections, we assessed them quantitatively after agitating syringes commonly used for intravitreal injections. Methods: With and without agitation, the SR 1-ml insulin, Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine 0.3-ml Short Needle with a half-unit scale, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin, and Becton-Dickinson 1-ml Luer Lok Tip were examined with buffer and bevacizumab, aflibercept, and ziv-aflibercept. Flow imaging microscopy was performed to assess the particle numbers, concentrations, morphology, and size distribution. Results: Using the Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine syringe, the average particle count after agitation was higher than in the no-agitation group. For particles greater than 10 and 25 µm, differences were observed using the SR syringe between the two studied conditions. There were no significant differences in the means for the other syringes. Without agitation, the SR syringe had the highest number of particles (2,417,361.7 ± 3,421,575.5) followed by the Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine with 812.530,9 ± 996.187,2. The Becton-Dickinson Luer Lok Tip and HSW Norm-Ject performed equally with 398,396.8 ± 484,239.2 and 416,016.4 ± 242,650.1 particles, respectively. Conclusions: Flicking syringes to eliminate air bubbles results in increased numbers of particles released during intravitreal injections into the human vitreous.

RESUMO Objetivo: Visto que partículas são liberadas nas seringas durante as injeções intravítreas (IVIs), estas foram avaliadas quantitativamente após a agitação das seringas mais comumente usadas para injeções intravítreas. Métodos: A seringa SR de 1 ml de insulina, a agulha curta Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine 0,3 ml com escala de meia unidade, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin e a Becton-Dickinson Luer Lok Tip de 1 ml foram estudadas com placedo e com bevacizumabe, aflibercept e ziv-aflibercept, com e sem agitação. MicroFlow Imaging Microscopy foi realizada para avaliar o número de partículas, concentração, morfologia e distribuição das mesmas por tamanho. Resultados: A contagem média de partículas após agitação foi maior do que no grupo sem agitação usando a seringa Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine. Diferenças foram observadas usando a seringa SR entre as duas condições estudadas para partículas maiores que 10 e 25 µm. Para as demais seringas, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas médias. A seringa SR apresentou o maior número de partículas sem agitação (2.417.361,7 ± 3.421.575,5) seguida da Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine com 812.530,9 ± 996.187,2. A BD Luer Lok Tip e a HSW Norm-Ject se comportaram de forma semelhante com 398.396,8 ± 484.239,2 e 416.016,4 ± 242.650,1 partículas, respectivamente. Conclusões: Agitar seringas para remover bolhas de ar resulta em um maior número de partículas liberadas durante Becton-Dickinson no vítreo humano.

Abstract An increasing number of systematic reviews (SR) has investigated the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents, thus requiring an overview to compile the information in a single piece of evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and summarize evidence from published SR on the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents. A wide search was conducted on May 29, 2023, in six databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library – VHL). An additional search was performed in the gray literature (Open grey and Google Scholar), SR registration databases, and the list of references of the included SR. Our inclusion criteria were based on acronym PECOS. Overall, two reviewers independently extracted the data, evaluated the risk of bias (ROBIS), and assessed the quality of the chosen studies (AMSTAR-2). Data from the included meta-analysis were summarized and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach was performed. After removing duplicates and applying our eligibility criteria, 19 SR from 2006-2022 were included. We found that 17 SR showed high risk of bias and critically low methodological quality. We observed an association between dental caries experiences and nutritional status since seven SR found an association between obesity/overweight and dental caries; one, an association between underweight and dental caries; and eleven, no associations. The meta-analysis showed divergent results according to the study designs, used indices, and participants’ age group, and were scored as having a very low certainty of evidence. Therefore, based on the high risk of bias, low methodological quality, and very low certainty of evidence of the chosen SR, most studies found no association between children and adolescents’ nutritional status and dental caries experience.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Congenital vascular anomalies and hemangiomas (CVAH) such as infantile hemangiomas, port-wine stains and brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) impair patients’ lives and may require treatment if complications occur. However, a great variety of treatments for those conditions exist and the best interventions remain under discussion. OBJECTIVE: To summarize Cochrane systematic review (SR) evidence on treatments for CVAH. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of SRs conducted in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A broad search was conducted on March 9, 2021, in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to retrieve any Cochrane SRs that assessed treatments for CVAH. The key characteristics and results of all SRs included were summarized and discussed. RESULTS: A total of three SRs fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were presented as a qualitative synthesis. One SR reported a significant clinical reduction of skin redness by at least 20%, with more pain, among 103 participants with port-wine stains. One SR reported that propranolol improved the likelihood of clearance 13 to 16-fold among 312 children with hemangiomas. One SR reported that the relative risk of death or dependence was 2.53 times greater in the intervention arm than with conservative management, among 218 participants with brain AVMs. CONCLUSION: Cochrane reviews suggest that treatment of port-wine stains with pulsed-dye laser improves redness; propranolol remains the best option for infantile hemangiomas; and conservative management seems to be superior to surgical intervention for treating brain AVMs.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the productive performance, ingestive behavior, and thermal condition of crossbred beef heifers in an integrated livestock-forest (ILF) system with different tree-planting designs. Seventy-two ½ Angus ½ Nellore heifers were divided in three treatments—conventional system (CS) without eucalyptus, integrated livestock system with 187 eucalyptus ha−1 (ILF-1L), and integrated livestock system with 446 eucalyptus ha−1 (ILF-3L)—, in the winter and summer. Total dry mass of forage (TDM), chemical analysis of Marandu palisadegrass, average daily gain (ADG), stocking rate (SR), weight gain per area (WGA), behavior, microclimatic variables, and thermal comfort indexes were evaluated. A higher percentage of crude protein and lower TDM and SR were observed in ILF-1L and ILF-3L, with no differences for ADG and WGA. Ambient temperature, temperature-humidity index, black globe-humidity index, and radiant heat load were better in ILF-1L and ILF-3L. Heifers in ILF-1L and ILF-3L carried out grazing, resting, rumination, and other activities in the shade. In the summer, heifers in ILF-1L and ILF-3L spent less time resting and more time in rumination and performing other activities than those in the CS. In conclusion, the better forage quality in ILF-1L and ILF-3L does not alter the performance of heifers or WGA, despite the decreased TDM and SR. Furthermore, ILF-1L and ILF-3L provide better thermal comfort, and heifers that do not have access to shade decrease their activities as a strategy to reduce the use of energy for thermal regulation process.

RESUMO Objetivo: Visto que partículas são liberadas nas seringas durante as injeções intravítreas (IVIs), estas foram avaliadas quantitativamente após a agitação das seringas mais comumente usadas para injeções intravítreas. Métodos: A seringa SR de 1 ml de insulina, a agulha curta Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine 0,3 ml com escala de meia unidade, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin e a Becton-Dickinson Luer Lok Tip de 1 ml foram estudadas com placedo e com bevacizumabe, aflibercept e ziv-aflibercept, com e sem agitação. MicroFlow Imaging Microscopy foi realizada para avaliar o número de partículas, concentração, morfologia e distribuição das mesmas por tamanho. Resultados: A contagem média de partículas após agitação foi maior do que no grupo sem agitação usando a seringa Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine. Diferenças foram observadas usando a seringa SR entre as duas condições estudadas para partículas maiores que 10 e 25 µm. Para as demais seringas, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas médias. A seringa SR apresentou o maior número de partículas sem agitação (2.417.361,7 ± 3.421.575,5) seguida da Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine com 812.530,9 ± 996.187,2. A BD Luer Lok Tip e a HSW Norm-Ject se comportaram de forma semelhante com 398.396,8 ± 484.239,2 e 416.016,4 ± 242.650,1 partículas, respectivamente. Conclusões: Agitar seringas para remover bolhas de ar resulta em um maior número de partículas liberadas durante Becton-Dickinson no vítreo humano.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Since particles are released in syringes during intravitreal injections, we assessed them quantitatively after agitating syringes commonly used for intravitreal injections. Methods: With and without agitation, the SR 1-ml insulin, Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine 0.3-ml Short Needle with a half-unit scale, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin, and Becton-Dickinson 1-ml Luer Lok Tip were examined with buffer and bevacizumab, aflibercept, and ziv-aflibercept. Flow imaging microscopy was performed to assess the particle numbers, concentrations, morphology, and size distribution. Results: Using the Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine syringe, the average particle count after agitation was higher than in the no-agitation group. For particles greater than 10 and 25 µm, differences were observed using the SR syringe between the two studied conditions. There were no significant differences in the means for the other syringes. Without agitation, the SR syringe had the highest number of particles (2,417,361.7 ± 3,421,575.5) followed by the Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine with 812.530,9 ± 996.187,2. The Becton-Dickinson Luer Lok Tip and HSW Norm-Ject performed equally with 398,396.8 ± 484,239.2 and 416,016.4 ± 242,650.1 particles, respectively. Conclusions: Flicking syringes to eliminate air bubbles results in increased numbers of particles released during intravitreal injections into the human vitreous.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências de validade de estrutura interna da dimensão Pessoa humana do Questionário de Vulnerabilidade em Saúde na Insuficiência Cardíaca. Método: estudo psicométrico com 1.008 pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca, em instituição de saúde terciária situada no Nordeste brasileiro. A estrutura interna foi avaliada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória com matriz de correlação policórica, seguida da confirmatória, para atestar a qualidade do ajuste do modelo. A consistência interna foi medida pela fidedignidade composta (FC) e ômega de McDonald (ω). Resultados: os parâmetros psicométricos revelaram modelo de 22 itens, distribuídos em cinco fatores, variância total explicada de 64,9%, cargas fatoriais (0,38 a 0,97) e comunalidades (0,20 ≤ h2 ≤ 0,98) adequadas, e indicadores aceitáveis de precisão (0,79 ≤ ORION ≤ 0,98), representatividade (0,89 ≤ FDI ≤ 0,99), sensibilidade (1,92 ≤ SR ≤ 7,07), espera do fator (88,3% ≤ EPTD ≤ 97,9%), replicabilidade (0,82 ≤ H-latente ≤ 0,97; 0,81 ≤ H-observado ≤ 0,87) e confiabilidade (FC = 0,92 e ω = 0,83). Alcançou-se qualidade de ajustamento adequada (TLI = 0,99; CFI = 0,99; GFI = 0,99; RMSEA = 0,04 e RMSR = 0,04). Conclusão obteve-se um instrumento com boas evidências de validade de estrutura interna para mensuração do constructo.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the evidence of validity of the internal structure of the dimension Human Person of the Questionnaire of Health Vulnerability in Heart Failure. Method: psychometric study with 1,008 people with heart failure, in a tertiary healthcare institution located in Northeastern Brazil. The internal structure was assessed by exploratory factor analysis with a polychoric correlation matrix, followed by confirmatory factor analysis to verify the quality of the model fit. Internal consistency was measured by composite reliability (CR) and McDonald’s omega (ω). Results: psychometric parameters revealed 22-item model, distributed in five factors, total explained variance of 64.9%, factor loadings (0.38 to 0.97) and adequate communalities (0.20 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.98) and acceptable indicators of precision (0.79 ≤ ORION ≤ 0.98), representativeness (0.89 ≤ FDI ≤ 0.99), sensitivity (1.92 ≤ SR ≤ 7.07), factor expectancy (88.3% ≤ EPTD ≤ 97.9%), replicability (0.82 ≤ H-latent ≤ 0.97; 0.81 ≤ H-observed ≤ 0.87) and reliability (CR = 0.92 and ω = 0.83). Adequate adjustment quality was achieved (TLI = 0.99; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.04 and RMSR = 0.04). Conclusion: We obtained an instrument with good evidence of internal structure validity for construct measurement.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las evidencias de validez de la estructura interna de la dimensión Persona Humana del Cuestionario de Vulnerabilidad Sanitaria en la Insuficiencia Cardíaca. Material y método: estudio psicométrico con 1.008 personas con insuficiencia cardíaca, en una institución de salud terciaria ubicada en el Nordeste de Brasil. La estructura interna fue evaluada por análisis factorial exploratorio con matriz de correlación policórica, seguido de análisis factorial confirmatorio para verificar la calidad del ajuste del modelo. La consistencia interna se midió mediante la fiabilidad compuesta (FC) y el omega de McDonald (ω). Resultados: los parámetros psicométricos revelaron un modelo de 22 ítems, distribuidos en cinco factores, una varianza total explicada del 64,9%, cargas factoriales (0,38 a 0,97) y comunalidades adecuadas (0,20 ≤ h2 ≤ 0,98) e indicadores de precisión aceptables (0. 79 ≤ ORION ≤ 0,98), representatividad (0,89 ≤ FDI ≤ 0,99), sensibilidad (1,92 ≤ SR ≤ 7,07), expectativa de factor (88,3% ≤ EPTD ≤ 97,9%), replicabilidad (0,82 ≤ H-latente ≤ 0,97; 0,81 ≤ H-observado ≤ 0,87) y fiabilidad (CR = 0,92 y ω = 0,83). Se alcanzó una calidad de ajuste adecuada (TLI = 0,99; CFI = 0,99; GFI = 0,99; RMSEA = 0,04 y RMSR = 0,04). Conclusión: Se obtuvo un instrumento con buena evidencia de validez de estructura interna para la medición del constructo.

Resumo: Com o objetivo de investigar as ancoragens das Representações Sociais (RS) do construto Seres-Humanos-com-mídias por um grupo de pós-graduandos da área de Educação Matemática e Científica, utilizamos questionários para compreender as evocações e ideias dos sujeitos, compartilhadas em uma disciplina ministrada virtualmente em momentos síncronos e assíncronos, seguindo diretrizes do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), em um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Na construção teórica discutem-se temas que relacionam seres humanos e tecnologias (mídias) em condições recíprocas de influência, em que um modifica/perpassa o outro no processo de produção de conhecimento, o qual é destacado pelo ‘pensar com’. Para tanto, pesquisamos elementos constitutivos destas RS emergentes nas evocações, a partir das ancoragens. Colhemos algumas respostas, que foram analisadas com base no discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC). Após análises constatamos que o construto SHCM está constituído por duas grandes ideias/noções: o utilitarismo e a suplementação das capacidades humanas e a simbiose entre atores humanos e não humanos.

Abstract: In order to investigate how postgraduate students of Mathematics and Science Education address Social Representations (SR) of the framework known as Humans-with-Media (HwM), we conducted a questionnaires survey to understand the evocations/ideas that came up during synchronous and asynchronous learning in a virtual classroom, following the guidelines of Emergency Remote Education (ERE), in a stricto sensu postgraduate program. In regards to the theoretical construction, topics related to humans and technology (media) are discussed under reciprocal conditions of influence, in which one modifies or permeates the other in the process of knowledge production, which is often evoked by ‘thinking with’. Thus, we dug into the constituent elements of these SR that emerged through the evocations, and some answers were analyzed based on the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS). Results suggest that the HwM construct relies on two bigger pictures/notions: utilitarianism and supplementation of human capacities, and the symbiosis between human and non-human agents.

RESUMO Os índices de vegetação são importantes indicadores da saúde e produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Dentre os tipos de sensores, os sensores proximais podem ser utilizados para tomada de decisão em tempo real. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um sistema sensor proximal, com base em fototransistor, para obtenção e armazenamento dos índices de vegetação: NDVI (Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada), SR (Razão Simples), WDRVI (Índice de Vegetação de Larga Escala Dinâmica), SAVI (Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo) e OSAVI (Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo Otimizado). O sistema sensor foi desenvolvido utilizando um circuito analógico para realizar a aquisição de dados de reflectância das bandas do vermelho e infravermelho próximo. O sistema sensor foi calibrado, utilizando grama Zoysia japonica, para ajustar seus valores aos de um espectroradiômetro. Desenvolveu-se um algoritmo que calcula os índices de vegetação e armazena os resultados em um arquivo. Avaliou-se a correlação de Pearson entre os índices de vegetação obtidos com o sistema sensor e o espectroradiômetro. Os índices de vegetação apresentaram correlação de Pearson superiores a 0,92 com os valores estimados pelo espectroradiômetro. Nas condições analisadas, o sistema sensor proposto pode ser utilizado na determinação de todos os índices de vegetação abordados.

ABSTRACT Vegetation indexes are important indicators of the health and yield of agricultural crops. Among the sensors used to evaluate vegetation indexes, proximal sensors can be used for real-time decision-making. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a proximal sensor system based on phototransistors to acquire and store the following vegetation indexes: normalized difference vegetation index, simple ratio, wide dynamic range vegetation index, soil-adjusted vegetation index, and optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index. The sensor system was developed using an analog circuit to acquire reflectance data from red and near-infrared bands. The sensor system was calibrated according to the results of a spectroradiometer, using Zoysia japonica grass as the target. An algorithm that calculates and stores vegetation indexes in a file was developed. The Pearson correlation between the vegetation indexes obtained with the sensor system and the spectroradiometer was evaluated. The vegetation indexes presented a Pearson correlation higher than 0.92 to the estimated values by the spectroradiometer. Under the evaluation conditions, the proposed sensor system could be used to determine all vegetation indexes evaluated.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade espaço-temporal do NDVI, da temperatura da superfície terrestre (TST) e da precipitação pluvial (PCP) em regiões de Caatinga degradada (CD) e em recuperação (CR) no Estado da Paraíba, e preservada (CP) no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram aplicadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (SR) do sensor MODIS/Terra com utilização de testes não-paramétricos e tendência. Nas áreas CD e CR o período chuvoso é caracterizado entre o outono-inverno representando mais de 70% do total anual. A CP apresenta dois padrões significativos da PCP, o primeiro associado ao verão, em que os acumulados representam 33,4% do total anual, e o segundo no outono representando 52,8%. Os maiores valores médios mensais de NDVI estão presente na CR. Na CD, foram verificados os maiores valores da TST. As maiores correlações negativas entre TST e PCP e entre TST e NDVI foram encontradas na CR (-0,73) e CP (-0,86), respectivamente. Foi obtida relação positiva entre NDVI e PCP em todos os ambientes, com destaque para a CP (0,84). Os resultados encontrados, evidenciam que os produtos de SR do sensor MODIS são importantes para o entendimento dos impactos antrópicos e climáticos na dinâmica da vegetação de Caatinga.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-temporal variation of NDVI, the temperature of the earth's surface (TST) and rainfall (PCP) in the degraded Caatinga (DC) and recovery (CR) regions in the State of Paraíba, and preserved (CP) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. MODIS /Terra sensor remote sensing (SR) techniques were applied using non-parametric and trend tests. In the CD and CR areas, the rainy season is included in autumn-winter, representing more than 70% of the annual total. The CP presents two patterns of use of the PCP, the first associated in the summer, and the accumulated ones represent 33,4% of the annual total, and the second number of autumn represented 52,8%. The highest average monthly NDVI values are present in the CR. The CD showed the highest TST values. The greatest negative correlations between TST and PCP and between TST and NDVI were found in CR (-0,73) and CP (-0,86), respectively. A positive relationship between NDVI and PCP was selected in all environments, with an emphasis on a PC (0,84). The results found, evidence that SR products from the MODIS sensor are important for understanding anthropogenic and climatic impacts on Caatinga vegetation.

RESUMO Introdução: A retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) é um distúrbio vasoproliferativo da retina que afeta recém nascidos extremamente prematuros e é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível na infância. Objetivo: Este estudo apresenta uma revisão das revisões sistemáticas da Cochrane sobre ROP. Métodos: Analisamos e resumimos os resultados de todas as intervenções, prevenção e tratamento, das revisões sistemáticas (SR) da Cochrane para ROP, projetada com o mais alto padrão de rigor para mostrar a posição atual e propor estudos que estão faltando para a tomada de decisão. Resultados: Oito RS foram analisados neste estudo, quatro em profilaxia e quatro em tratamento de ROP. O efeito benéfico dos betabloqueadores orais na progressão para a ROP do estágio 3, mas não para a ROP da fase 2 com doença positiva ou para a ROP da fase 4 ou 5 foi o único que apresentou qualidade de evidência moderada, todos os outros resultados apresentaram qualidade de evidência flutuante de baixo a muito baixo. Conclusão: Faltam estudos demonstrando a qualidade das evidências no tratamento e prevenção da retinopatia da prematuridade, principalmente em desfechos em longo prazo após o tratamento, a fim de avaliar o impacto e a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder that affects extremely premature infants and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in childhood. Objective: This study presents a review of Cochrane systematic reviews about ROP. Methods: We analyzed and summarized the results of all intervention, prevention and treatment, from Cochrane Systematic Reviews (SR) for ROP designed to the highest standard of rigor to show the current position and propose studies that are missing for decision making. Results: Eight SR were analyzed in this study, four in prophylaxis and four in treatment of ROP. The outcome 'Beneficial effect of oral beta-blockers on progression to stage 3 ROP but not to stage 2 ROP with plus disease or to stage 4 or 5 ROP was the only one that presented moderate evidence quality, all the others outcomes presented evidence quality floating from low to very low. Conclusion: There is a lack of studies showing the quality of evidence in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity, particularly in long-term outcomes after treatment in order to assess the impact and quality of life of these patients.

Abstract In this work blends based on calcium aluminate cement (CAC) containing bioactive glass (BG) (5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) and strontium oxide (1 wt%) were produced aiming improve their bioactivity and the capacity to stimulate the bone regeneration. In the first part, the blends containing only BG were characterized as theoretical density, microhardness, uniaxial cold crush strength after SBF and apparent porosity and pore size distribution before and after SBF treatment. In the second part, bioactivity and cell culture tests were also conducted in the blends containing BG and strontium oxide. The addition of 7.5 wt% of BG in homogeneous calcium aluminate cement (CH) improved its mechanical properties as microhardness and uniaxial cold crushing strength. The blends were more bioactive due to the presence of a highly soluble amorphous phase as confirmed by means of SEM/EDX mainly for 7.5 wt% BG without and with Sr from 1 day in SBF. FTIR analyses indicated the formation the apatite-like phase by means of increase of intensity of the PO43- peaks after SBF treatment. All blends allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype and the formation of mineralized matrix increased due to the inclusion of BG and Sr promoting the osteogenesis process.

Resumo Avaliamos a diversidade de Myrtaceae no Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina (CDNP) e nos municípios vizinhos (NM), identificando as áreas com maior riqueza e aquelas com menor esforço amostral, coletando amostras in situ e analisando as coleções de herbário. Os dados e mapas geográficos incluem esforços de coleta (CE), riqueza de espécies (SR) e riqueza estimada (J1). Noventa e sete espécies e nove gêneros foram registrados para NM, com 82 espécies e nove gêneros ocorrendo no CDNP. A CE e SR foram semelhantes no NM e CDNP, e os quadrantes com os maiores valores foram nos municípios de Lençóis e Palmeiras. O J1 também foi semelhante no NM e CDNP. Quinze espécies encontradas no NM não ocorrem no CDNP, e algumas são consideradas ameaçadas ou restritas a áreas não protegidas, principalmente as áreas de caatinga. Algumas espécies apresentaram distribuições limitadas a apenas um ou dois tipos de vegetação, embora muitas áreas tenham sido apenas superficialmente pesquisadas. As espécies endêmicas estão sujeitas a pressão antrópica e algumas são atualmente consideradas ameaçadas ou vulneráveis. A expansão dos limites do CDNP para abranger áreas da vegetação da caatinga melhorará o status de conservação da família.

Abstract We evaluated the diversity of Myrtaceae in Chapada Diamantina National Park (CDNP) and neighboring municipalities (NM), identifying the areas with the highest richness and those with the lowest sampling efforts, collecting specimens in situ, and analyzing herbarium collections. The geographic data and maps include collection efforts (CE), species richness (SR), and estimated richness (J1). Ninety-seven species and nine genera were recorded for NM, with 82 species and nine genera occurring in CDNP. The CE and SR were similar in NM and CDNP, and the quadrants with the highest values were in the municipalities of Lençóis and Palmeiras. The J1 was also similar in NM and CDNP. Fifteen species found in NM do not occur in CDNP, and some are considered endangered or are restricted to non-protected areas, especially caatinga areas. Some species showed distributions limited to only one or two vegetation types, although many areas have been only superficially surveyed. Endemic species are subject to anthropic pressure, and some are currently considered endangered or vulnerable. The expansion of the limits of the CDNP to encompass areas of caatinga vegetation will improve the conservation status of the family.

Introduction: The COVID-19 infection has high transmissibility and several measures have been adopted for dissemination control. Objective: To identify and summarize the evidence from the Cochrane systematic reviews (SR) on measures to control the dissemination of the COVID-19 infection. Study design: This review of Cochrane SR has carried out in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and in the Division of Emergency Medicine and Evidence-Based Medicine of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A comprehensive search in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews retrieved all Cochrane SR directly related to control measures for the COVID-19 dissemination. The main characteristics and results of all included SR were summarized and discussed. Results: Three Cochrane SRs were included in the qualitative synthesis and they evaluated populational and individual measures to control the dissemination of COVID-19. Conclusion: Low-certainty evidence show that quarantine of people exposed to those confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases prevented 44% - 81% of incident cases and 31% - 63% of deaths compared to no measures and as sooner the quarantine measures are implemented, greater costs are saved. High-confidence evidence showed that clear communication about infection control and prevention guidelines was vital to its implementation. Low-certainty evidence showed that people with a long gown had less contamination than those with a coverall, and the coverall was more difficult to doff. Other SRs are desirable for controlling the dissemination of the COVID-19 infection.

This study aimed to apprehend the genesis of the Social Representations (SR) of the new coronavirus, as well as the COVID-19 treatment, considering different social anchors of Brazilians. For that, 595 participants, predominantly female (69.9%) and from the Northeast of Brazil (64.9%) answered an online questionnaire. The data collected allowed analyzes of Descending Hierarchical Classifications, indicating that the new coronavirus SR's genesis is marked by concerns regarding its dissemination, psychosocial and affective implications. On the other hand, the treatment representational field emphasizes the remission or alleviation of symptoms caused by COVID-19. The SR variations identified in this research, due to group differences, indicate that future interventions should consider their specificities in the representations and social practices dissemination aiming at containing the pandemic state.

Objetivou-se neste estudo apreender a gênese das Representações Sociais (RS) do novo coronavírus, bem como do tratamento da COVID-19, considerando-se diferentes ancoragens sociais de brasileiros. Contou-se com 595 participantes, prevalentemente do sexo feminino (69,9%) e da região Nordeste do Brasil (64,9%). Os dados coletados, através de um questionário online, permitiram análises de Classificações Hierárquicas Descendentes, indicando que a gênese das RS do novo coronavírus é marcada por preocupações relativas à sua disseminação, implicações psicossociais e afetivas. Já o campo representacional do tratamento, enfatiza a remissão ou à amenização dos sintomas causados pela COVID-19. As variações nas RS identificadas nesta pesquisa, em função dos diferentes grupos sociais, indicam que futuras intervenções devem considerar as especificidades destes na disseminação de representações e práticas sociais direcionadas para conter o estado pandêmico.