Abstract Objective: To describe the changes in lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and to investigate the association of congenital heart disease complexity with lifestyle behavior changes. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 127 children and adolescents with congenital heart disease, who underwent cardiac procedure (mean postoperative time: 10.11±3.13 years), conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, were assessed through telephone interview based on validated questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Frequency of general and specific combinations of healthy and unhealthy lifestyle behavior changes was evaluated. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to test the association between congenital heart disease complexity and changes in lifestyle behavior. Results: The main lifestyle behaviors acquired during pandemic were: 83.5% decreased physical activity; 37.0% increased sedentary behavior; 26.0% slept more than usual; and 23.6% adopted a less-healthy dietary pattern. Almost half of the participants (41.8%) had at least one unhealthy change in lifestyle behavior. Complex congenital heart diseases were associated with increased sedentary behavior (OR 3.49, 95%CI 1.23–9.90). Conclusions: Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease had unhealthy lifestyle behavior during the pandemic, mainly in the form of reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behavior.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as mudanças nos estilos de vida durante a pandemia em crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita e investigar a associação da complexidade da cardiopatia congênita com as mudanças de estilo de vida. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 127 crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita, que realizaram procedimento cardíaco (tempo médio de pós-operatório: 10,11 (3,13) anos), realizado entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. O estilo de vida (alimentação, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono) foi avaliado por entrevista telefônica, com base em questionários validados. Padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da análise de componentes principais. Frequência de combinações gerais e específicas de mudanças de estilo de vida saudável e não saudável foram avaliadas. Regressões logísticas multinominais foram utilizadas para testar associações. Resultados: Os principais comportamentos de estilo de vida adquiridos durante a pandemia foram: 83,5% reduziram a atividade física, 37,0% aumentaram o comportamento sedentário, 26,0% dormiram mais e 23,6% mudaram para um padrão alimentar menos saudável. Quase metade (41,8%) dos participantes teve pelo menos uma mudança não saudável no estilo de vida. Cardiopatias congênitas complexas foram associadas ao aumento do comportamento sedentário durante a pandemia (odds ratio 3,49, IC95% 1,23–9,90). Conclusões: Crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita apresentaram estilo de vida não saudável durante a pandemia, principalmente na forma de redução da atividade física e aumento do comportamento sedentário.

Abstract This study presents an Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with important potential as natural iron-chelating. The impact of infusion time and the water volume to obtain an Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with high phenolic content and iron chelating activity, such as the stability of these proprieties in the storage time and temperature (immediately and after 24 h at 8 and 25 (C) were assessed. The acute consumption effect of this infusion to reduce iron absorption in vivo was also evaluated. A preliminary crossover trial with volunteers that ingested a meal containing non-haem iron (11.4 mg) with the treatments: Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion with the highest phenolic content and iron chelating activity (200 mL) or control (200 mL water). Blood samples were withdrawn before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the meal for serum iron measurement. The highest phenolic content (18.1 mg/mL) and iron chelating activity ((100%) were observed for 10 min infusion time using 30 g leaves/300 mL water. Storage at 8 or 25 (C for 24 h decreased total phenolics and di-caffeoylquinic acids by 23.5% and 25.5%, respectively (p< 0.05), without affecting the iron-chelating activity due to a saturating chelating effect at 3.34 mg/mL phenolic content. Inhibition of the iron absorption in vivo by infusion was 78% considering the iron recovery at peak maximum. The in vitro and preliminary in vivo results showed a functional property of the Ilex paraguariensis leaf infusion that may be useful for adjuvant management of iron overload diseases.

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo objetivou analisar o impacto de uma intervenção nutricional educativa na qualidade da dieta de mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante. Métodos Mulheres com câncer de mama admitidas para tratamento cirúrgico, divididas em grupo intervenção (n=18) e grupo comparação (n=78), participaram de um ensaio clínico não randomizado. As participantes foram avaliadas antes e após o tratamento e/ou intervenção. Um questionário de frequência alimentar foi aplicado, e a qualidade da dieta foi calculada pelo Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado. A intervenção nutricional educativa ocorreu por meio de ligações quinzenais, encontros presenciais e materiais informativos, durante 12 meses, com orientações visando à ingestão de pelo menos 400g/dia de vegetais e frutas, e não mais que 500g/semana de carne vermelha/processada. Resultados O grupo de intervenção melhorou significativamente a qualidade da dieta (+5,7). Além disso, houve aumento da ingestão de frutas e vegetais, representado por elevação significativa na pontuação de frutas totais (+1,9) e frutas integrais (+1,1) e redução considerável na pontuação de carnes, ovos e leguminosas (-3,3), a qual se deu pela diminuição do consumo de alimentos embutidos e carne bovina (p<0,05). Ainda, observou-se aumento na pontuação do componente que avalia as quilocalorias provenientes das gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcar de adição (+5,0, p<0,05) devido ao menor consumo desses alimentos. O grupo comparação não apresentou diferenças significativas. Conclusão A intervenção nutricional contribuiu para melhorar a qualidade da dieta durante o tratamento para câncer de mama e, possivelmente, o prognóstico dessas mulheres.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the outcome of an educational nutritional intervention in the quality of diet of women with breast cancer in adjuvant treatment. Methods Women with breast cancer and admitted for surgical treatment were divided in an intervention group (n=18) and a comparison group (n=78), and participated in a nonrandomized clinical trial. Participants were assessed before and after the treatment and/or intervention. A food frequency questionnaire was applied and the quality of diet was calculated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. The educational nutritional intervention lasted 12 months and was carried out through phone calls twice a month, personal meetings, and monthly handouts. It oriented an intake of at least 400g of vegetables and fruits per day and at most 500g of red/processed meat per week. Results We observed a significant improvement in the diet quality of the intervention group (+5.7). Nutritional education in the intervention group reached its objectives, with a rise in the intake of vegetables and fruits reflecting a significant increase in the score of total fruits (+1.9) and whole fruits (+1.1), and a decrease in the score of meat, eggs, and legumes (-3.3) by means of a reduction in the intake of red/processed meat (p<0.05). Also, a rise in the punctuation of calories from solid fats, alcohol, and added sugar was observed (+5.0, p<0.05) due to lower intake of these components. The comparison group presented no significant differences. Conclusion The nutritional intervention contributed to improving the quality of the diet during breast cancer treatment and possibly altered these women’s prognoses.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo buscou identificar tendências no consumo alimentar de escolares do 2º ao 5º ano de escolas públicas do município de Florianópolis durante três anos. Métodos Três pesquisas transversais foram conduzidas em 2013 (n=1.942), 2014 (n=1.989) e 2015 (n=2.418). Dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos com a aplicação do questionário de avaliação de consumo alimentar e atividade física. Os itens alimentares foram classificados em oito grupos. Utilizaram-se os testes Kruskal-Wallis de heterogeneidade e de tendência para analisar as diferenças e tendências entre as médias de frequência de consumo dos grupos alimentares. Resultados Verificou-se uma tendência de redução da média de frequência de consumo de doces para a amostra total (2013: 0,72±0,91; 2014: 0,68±0,87; 2015: 0,67±0,89, p=0,03), que foi determinada pelos escolares de 7 a 9 anos (2013: 0,69±0,88; 2014: 0,64±0,85; 2015: 0,62±0,87, p=0,02) e do sexo masculino (2013: 0,75±0,90; 2014: 0,70±0,86; 2015: 0,68±0,88, p=0,03). Escolares mais novos também tenderam a aumentar o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes (2013: 1,03±1,35; 2014: 1,16±1,45; 2015: 1,17±1,41, p=0,03), e os de 10 a 12 anos diminuíram laticínios (2013: 1,32±1,25; 2014: 1,23±1,18; 2015: 1,20±1,20, p=0,05). Conclusão Os resultados sugerem tendências positivas para escolares mais novos, com o aumento do consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes em ambos os sexos e redução de doces para os meninos. Escolares mais velhos reduziram laticínios nos três anos de seguimento.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify trends in food consumption among schoolchildren (2nd-5th grades) from public schools in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil, in a period of three years. Methods Three cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 2013 (n=1,942), 2014 (n=1,989) and 2015 (n=2,418). Dietary intake data were obtained using the Web-Based Food Intake and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren questionnaire. Food items were aggregated to eight food groups. Kruskal-Wallis heterogeneity and trend tests were used to analyze the differences and trends among the mean intake frequency of food groups. Results There were trends to decrease the mean intake frequency of sweets in the total sample (2013: 0.72±0.91; 2014: 0.68±0.87; 2015: 0.67±0.89, p=0.03) which was determined by children between 7-9 years old (2013: 0.69±0.88; 2014: 0.64±0.85; 2015: 0.62±0.87, p=0.02), and boys (2013: 0.75±0.90; 2014: 0.70±0.86; 2015: 0.68±0.88, p=0.03). Younger children also tended to increase the mean intake frequency of fruits and vegetables (2013: 1.03±1.35; 2014: 1.16±1.45; 2015: 1.17±1.41, p=0.03) and those aged ten-12 years decreased their intake of dairy products (2013: 1.32±1.25; 2014: 1.23±1.18; 2015: 1.20±1.20, p=0.05). Conclusion The results suggest positive trends for younger children, with an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables in both sexes and decreased consumption of sweets for boys. Older children reduced their consumption of dairy products over the three-year period of this study.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a validade da versão baseada na Internet do Questionário Alimentar do Dia Anterior (Online) para escolares do segundo ao quinto ano do ensino fundamental. Métodos Participaram do estudo 312 escolares de 7 a 12 anos de uma escola pública de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A validade foi testada pela sensibilidade, especificidade e taxas de concordância (acertos, omissões e intrusões) dos itens alimentares relatados no Questionário Alimentar do Dia Anterior Online, usando a observação direta dos alimentos consumidos no lanche escolar do dia anterior como padrão de referência. Análise de regressão logística multivariada multinomial foi conduzida para avaliar a influência de fatores relacionados aos participantes nas taxas de omissão e intrusão. Resultados Os resultados apontaram adequada sensibilidade (67,7%) e especificidade expressiva (95,2%). As taxas de omissão e de intrusão foram baixas, 22,8% e 29,5%, respectivamente, quando considerados todos os itens alimentares. O item pizza/hambúrguer exibiu a maior taxa de omissão, enquanto os laticínios apresentaram a maior taxa de intrusão. Escolares que frequentavam a escola no turno vespertino apresentaram maior probabilidade de intrusões de itens alimentares comparados aos escolares do turno matutino. Conclusão O Questionário Alimentar do Dia Anterior Online apresentou validade satisfatória para a análise do consumo alimentar em nível de grupo de escolares do segundo ao quinto ano de escola pública.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the validity of the web-based version of the Previous Day Food Questionnaire Online for schoolchildren from the 2nd to 5th grades of elementary school. Methods Participants were 312 schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years of a public school from the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Validity was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, as well as by agreement rates (match, omission, and intrusion rates) of food items reported by children on the Previous Day Food Questionnaire Online, using direct observation of foods/beverages eaten during school meals (mid-morning snack or afternoon snack) on the previous day as the reference. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of participants’ characteristics on omission and intrusion rates. Results The results showed adequate sensitivity (67.7%) and specificity (95.2%). There were low omission and intrusion rates of 22.8% and 29.5%, respectively when all food items were analyzed. Pizza/hamburger showed the highest omission rate, whereas milk and milk products showed the highest intrusion rate. The participants who attended school in the afternoon shift presented a higher probability of intrusion compared to their peers who attended school in the morning. Conclusion The Previous Day Food Questionnaire Online possessed satisfactory validity for the assessment of food intake at the group level in schoolchildren from the 2nd to 5th grades of public school.

Introduction: Height is one of the measurements required for the assessment of body composition and for devising a nutritional plan for hospitalized patients. Due to the impossibility to measure the height of such patients in various situations, alternative estimation methods are necessary. Objective: To compare the self-reported height and different height estimation methods with the real height of adults and elders hospitalized in a public teaching hospital of Santa Catarina. Methods: The study subjects were 241 adults and elders of both genders. Real height (gold standard), recumbent height, knee height, arm length and demi-span were measured, as well as the self-reported height, which was recorded. Self-reported height and estimated height by different methods were compared to real height through a paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The most accurate and concordant results were estimated through recumbent height, which was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between real height and all study groups. The height obtained through a formula that uses arm length and demi-span and the self-reported height also had satisfactory results among certain groups. The formulae that uses knee height was the only one that resulted in underestmation of height for all study groups. Conclusion: The height estimation method that stood out as the most accurate was recumbent height assessed with a stadiometer. The best results in this study were found with methods of easy applicability and low cost.

Introducción: la altura es una de las medidas necesarias para la evaluación de la composición corporal y para la elaboración de un plan nutricional para pacientes internados. Debido a la imposibilidad de medir la altura de dichos pacientes en ciertas situaciones, los métodos de estimación alternativos se hacen necesarios. Objetivo: comparar la altura informada y los diferentes métodos de estimación de la altura con la altura real de adultos y ancianos internados en un hospital universitario público de Santa Catarina. Métodos: estudio de 241 adultos y ancianos de ambos sexos. La medición de la talla real (estándar oro), talla reclinada, altura de la rodilla, la longitud del brazo, la media brazada y talla informada. La autopercepción de talla y la estimada por diferentes métodos fueron comparadas con la altura real a través de una prueba "t" pareada y Bland-Altman análisis. Resultados: los resultados más precisos y concordantes se obtuvieron a través de la talla reclinada sin diferencia significativa (p > 0,05) con la altura real para todos los grupos del estudio. La altura obtenida a través de una fórmula que utiliza la media brazada y la altura autoinformada también dio resultados satisfactorios en algunos grupos. La fórmula de la altura de la rodilla fue la única que quedó debajo de la altura real para todos los grupos. Conclusiones: el método de medición de talla que se destacó como el más preciso fue altura reclinada tomada con un estadiómetro. Los mejores resultados en este estudio se encontraron con métodos de fácil aplicación y bajo costo.

Introduction: a compromised nutritional status is one of the factors that may increase the morbidity and mortality of chemotherapy patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate acceptance of the diet by patients with haematological cancer throughout their hospital stay for chemotherapeutic treatment. Method: this was a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study, carried out from February to October 2014 in adult patients of both genders diagnosed with lymphoma and leukaemia. Food intake was evaluated on a daily basis through a recording instrument designed by the author. ANOVA test for repeated measurements was employed. Results: 32 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 42 ± 11 years, the majority of whom were women (66%). We observed gastrointestinal disturbances in 72% of the patients, most commonly nausea (59%), followed by xerostomia (34%), vomiting (28%) and dysgeusia (25%). The percentage of leftover food was significant, varying from 23% to 35%. Lunch and dinner were the most frequently rejected meals. Light meals were more well-tolerated, having been accepted in 75% to 100% of the offers. Conclusion: The food records show that during chemotherapy cycles, patients present significant food rejection, specially with larger meals such as lunch and dinner, though light meals are better tolerated. Employing food options chosen by patients may be a strategy to improve dietary acceptance. More studies on this subject are necessary in order to improve nutritional care to this population, aiming to prevent and/or rehabilitate the nutritional status of these patients.

Introducción: el estado nutricional amenazado es uno de los factores que puede elevar la morbimortalidad de los pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la aceptación de la dieta por parte de pacientes con cáncer hematológico durante la internación para quimioterapia. Métodos: investigación transversal, descriptiva y cuantitativa llevada a cabo entre febrero y octubre de 2014 con pacientes adultos de ambos sexos diagnosticados de linfoma y leucemia. Se realizó la evaluación diaria del consumo alimentario mediante la utilización de herramientas para colección de datos preparado por el autor. Se utilizó ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Resultados: fueron evaluados 32 pacientes con edad promedio de 42 ± 11 años, siendo la mayoría mujeres (66%). Observamos trastornos gastrointestinales en el 72% de los pacientes, la mayoría de las molestias fueron náuseas (59%) además de xerostomía (34%), vómitos (28%), inapetencia (28%) y disgeusia (25%). El porcentaje de resto de ingesta alimentaria fue significativo, oscilando entre el 23% y el 35%. El mayor rechazo ocurrió en el almuerzo y la cena. Las meriendas fueron mejor aceptadas, con un porcentaje del 75% al 100%. Conclusión de la investigación: los registros de alimentos mostraron que durante los ciclos de quimioterapia se produjo un rechazo significativo de alimentos sobre todo en las comidas de mayor volumen, como el almuerzo y la cena, mientras que las comidas pequeñas, tales como aperitivos, son mejor toleradas. El uso de opciones de alimentos enumerados por los pacientes puede ser una estrategia para mejorar el cumplimiento de la dieta. Se necesitan más estudios sobre este tema para mejorar la atención a esta población, con el objetivo de prevenir y/o recuperar el estado nutricional de estos pacientes.

Introduction: Different therapeutic modalities for cancer trigger side effects that affect the selection of food by changing dietary patterns. Aims: To evaluate changes in the diet quality of women in adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 78 women were collected. The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised and its components were obtained from food frequency questionnaire applied before and after the treatment. At baseline, participants were classified according to tertiles of diet quality. Results and Discussion: The score of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) in the lowest tertile was 48.4 to 75.2 points, the second tertile was 75.7 to 81.8 points, and the upper tertile was 82.0 to 95.7 points. During treatment, of the women classified in the first tertile, 62% improved their diet score quality passing to the upper tertiles. Women classified in the second tertile, did not significantly alter the diet quality during the treatment, although 46% went to the third tertile. Patients classified in the third tertile significantly reduced the average score of the Index by 7.3 points during the treatment. Among these women, 38% and 20% decreased their score for the second and first tertiles respectively, where the reduction in the diet quality was due to reducing the score of components Total fruits, Total vegetables, Dark Green and orange vegetables and Legumes, Total grains and Solid fats, Alcohol and Added sugar. Conclusion: Dietary changes, which were observed after breast cancer diagnosis, significantly altered the quality of diet among the women participating in the study. Future nutrition interventions are important to aid in food choices during the treatment.

Introducción: Diferentes modalidades terapéuticas para los efectos secundarios de activación de cáncer que afectan a la selección de los alimentos por el cambio de los patrones dietéticos. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en la calidad de la dieta de mujeres en tratamiento adyuvante para cáncer de mama. Métodos: se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y antropométricos de 78 mujeres. El Índice Brasileño de Alimentación Saludable y sus componentes se obtuvieron a partir de cuestionarios de frecuencia alimentar aplicados antes y al final del tratamiento. Los participantes fueron clasificados según terciles de calidad de la dieta con base en las informaciones del inicio del estudio. Resultados: Las puntuaciones del Índice de Calidad de la dieta en el tercil inferior fue 48,4-75,2 puntos, en el segundo tercil fue 75,7-81,8 puntos, y en el tercil superior 82,0-95,7 puntos. Durante el tratamiento, 62 % de las mujeres pertenecientes al primer tercil mejoraron su calidad, pasando para los terciles medio o superior. Las mujeres clasificadas en el segundo tercil no alteraron significativamente la calidad de la dieta durante el tratamiento, a pesar de que 46 % pasó para el tercil superior. Las pacientes pertenecientes al tercer tercil redujeron significativamente la puntuación promedio del Índice en 7,3 puntos durante el tratamiento. Entre estas mujeres, 38% y 20% disminuyeron su puntuación para el segundo y primer tercil, respectivamente. La reducción de la calidad de la dieta fue el resultado de la disminución en la puntuación de los componentes Frutas totales, Verduras totales, Verduras y legumbres de color verde oscuro y naranja, Cereales totales y grasas sólidas, Alcohol y Azúcar añadido. Conclusión: Los cambios observados en la alimentación después del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama alteró significativamente la calidad de la dieta de las mujeres participantes del estudio. Intervenciones nutricionales futuras son importantes para ayudar en la elección de alimentos durante el tratamiento.

Comparar valores encontrados mediante métodos direcionados às estimativas de peso corporal e altura em relação às medidas aferidas em adultos hospitalizados. Fizeram parte do estudo 142 adultos de ambos os sexos. Foram coletadas medidas antropométricas de peso corporal, altura, altura de joelho, comprimento de braço, envergadura de braço, semienvergadura, altura recumbente, circunferências de panturrilha, braço e abdome e espessura de dobra cutânea subescapular. As medidas realizadas foram comparadas com aquelas obtidas a partir de fórmulas de estimativa de peso e altura mediante teste t pareado. Em ambos os sexos, as medidas estimadas diferiram significativamente (p<0,001) das medidas reais, observando-se a tendência de superestimativa destas medidas. Exceção foi a altura estimada para homens pela fórmula que utiliza a altura de joelho (p>0,001). A média de peso corporal estimado mais próxima do peso corporal medido para homens foi obtida com a fórmula que utilizou medidas de circunferência de braço, abdome e panturrilha. Para as mulheres, as maiores coincidências foram obtidas mediante fórmula que utiliza altura de joelho. Tanto em homens quanto em mulheres, as médias relacionadas ao índice de massa corporal, calculado por intermédio de medidas estimadas de peso corporal e estatura, apontaram idêntico diagnóstico nutricional quando comparado com índice de massa corporal envolvendo medidas reais. A altura estimada pela fórmula que utiliza a altura de joelho entre os homens foi a única medida que não apresentou diferença significativa. As demais metodologias de estimativa de peso corporal e altura apresentaram diferenças significativas, demonstrando que novos estudos com outras metodologias são necessários.

The aim of this study was to compare the values obtained through methods directed to height and body weight estimates in relation to measurements taken from hospitalized adult. Study participants were 142 adults of both genders. Anthropometric measurements of body weight, height, knee height, arm length, span, demi-span, recumbent height, calf, arm and abdominal circumferences and subscapular skinfold thickness were taken. The actual measurements were compared with those obtained from formulas for estimating weight and height, using the paired t test. The estimated measurements differed significantly (p <0.001) from the actual measurements in both genders, observing the tendency of overestimating these measurements. The exception was the estimated height for men by the formula that utilizes the variable knee height (p> 0.001). The average estimated body weight closest to the actual body weight for men was obtained with the formula that used the measurements of arm, abdominal and calf circumferences. For women, the biggest coincidences were obtained by means of the formula that utilizes the variable knee height. For both men and women, the averages related to the body mass index, calculated through estimated body weight and height measurements resulted in the same nutritional diagnosis when compared to the body mass index involving actual measurements. The estimated height by the formula that utilizes the variable knee height among men was the only measurement which did not represent significant differences. Other methodologies for estimating body weight and height presented significant differences, which suggests that new studies using other methodologies are necessary.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Investigar alterações no consumo dietético, bem como a influência das características gerais, dos fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e nutricionais, e do tratamento antineoplásico sobre as mudanças do consumo energético, em mulheres do sul do Brasil, antes e após a realização de terapia adjuvante para o câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico não randomizado, conduzido em hospital da rede pública de saúde, com 53 pacientes. Informações dietéticas foram coletadas com questionário de frequência alimentar. Para avaliar os fatores que influenciaram alterações longitudinais da ingestão energética, usou-se modelo de regressão linear de efeitos mistos. RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo no consumo diário de energia, de gorduras, cálcio, ferro, cobre, ácidos graxos poli-insaturados, ômega 6 e ômega 3, e uma diminuição significativa da vitamina B2. O modelo final de regressão mostrou aumento médio de 19,2 kcal/mês. As maiores associações com ingestão energética foram frutas e leguminosas, sendo que cada 100 g de consumo destas, resultou um acréscimo médio de 68,4 e 370,5 kcal, respectivamente. Mulheres com idade compreendida entre 51 e 60 anos consumiram 403,5 kcal menos do que aquelas com idade de 31 a 50 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que houve aumento na ingestão energética durante o tratamento e que o aumento na ingestão de frutas e leguminosas foi associado com aumentos significativos na ingestão de energia.

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the dietary consumption as well as the influence of the general characteristics, of the sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional factors, and of the antineoplastic therapy on the changes in the energy intake of women from southern Brazil, before and after adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. METHODS: A non-randomized clinical study was conducted on 53 patients at a hospital of the public health network. Dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire. A mixed-effects linear regression model was used to evaluate the factors that influenced longitudinal alterations of energy intake. RESULTS: A significant increase was observed in daily energy intake of fats, calcium, iron, copper, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega 6 and omega 3, and a significant decrease in vitamin B2 intake. The final regression model for the change in energy intake showed an average increase of 19.2 kcal/month. Fruit and legume consumption showed the highest association with energy intake, with each 100 g consumed resulting in an average increase of 68.4 and 370.5 kcal, respectively. Women in the 51 to 60 year age range consumed 403.5 kcal less than those in the 31 to 50 year age range. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in energy intake during treatment and the increase in the ingestion of fruits and legumes was associated with significant increases in energy intake.

La concentración de compuestos polifenoles, como flavanoles y antocianinas, y la actividad antioxidante en manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh) parecen diferir con la cultivar, etapa de madurez, condiciones ambientales y la parte de la fruta. En este trabajo, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron medidos en fruta entera, pulpa y cáscara de las cultivares de manzana Fuji, Epagri COOP24 y Epagri F5P283 cultivadas en el sur de Brasil. El contenido de fenoles totales se midió con el método Folin-Ciocalteu, flavanoles con el método modificado p-dimetilaminocinamaldehido, antocianinas con el método de diferencia de pH y actividad antioxidante fue medida aplicando el método ABTS. Se realizó análisis de varianza de un factor, prueba de Tukey y análisis de correlación. Dentro de cada cultivar, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron más alto en las cáscaras, seguidas por la fruta entera y pulpa. En la cáscara, en la fruta entera y pulpa, manzana Epagri F5P283 presentó el contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante total más alto, mientras que la Epagri COOP24 presentó valores más alto de flavanoles y antocianinas. El contenido de fenoles totales fue asociado positivamente a actividad antioxidante total en la pulpa, fruta entera y cáscara. Estos resultados demuestran que los compuestos polifenoles tienen una contribución significativa a la actividad antioxidante total, los cuales varían considerablemente de acuerdo al de la parte de la fruta y cultivar de manzana analizada.

The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.

OBJETIVO:Comparar os valores de energia e os nutrientes de 10 cardápios à luz de 4 programas computacionais de análise de consumo alimentar utilizados no Brasil. MÉTODOS:Foram selecionados os programas NutWin, DietWin, DietPro e Virtual Nutri. Foram analisados o valor energético e 11 nutrientes de 101 alimentos, que compunham 10 cardápios. Para testar diferenças do valor nutricional dos 10 cardápios entre os programas, foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS:Os programas variaram em relação ao número de alimentos (934 a 3 815), de nutrientes (28 a 144) e das principais fontes utilizadas. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes dos valores de energia e macronutrientes entre os 4 programas. Em relação aos demais, o programa Diet Pro apresentou menores valores de gordura saturada, gordura monoinsaturada, gordura poliinsaturada, de ferro e sódio; o programa Virtual Nutri apresentou menores valores de fibra. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo não permitem inferências quanto à qualidade das bases de dados e nem indicam a superioridade de quaisquer desses programas que justifique sua utilização preferencial na prática do profissional de nutrição ou do pesquisador do consumo alimentar. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a necessidade de revisão do desenho dos programas computacionais e de suas bases de dados de nutrientes - para o planejamento e a análise do consumo alimentar.

OBJECTIVE:To compare values of energy and nutrients of 10 menus based on four softwares used for food consumption analysis in Brazil. METHODS:The selected softwares were NutWin, DietWin, DietPro and Virtual Nutri. Values of energy and eleven nutrients from 101 foods were analyzed, divided into 10 menus with established portion sizes. Differences in nutritional values obtained for the ten menus were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: The programs varied in relation to number of foods (934 - 3,815), number of nutrients (28 - 144) and main sources used. Comparing to the other three softwares, significantly lower values of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, iron and sodium were found in the DietPro software; significantly lower values of fiber were found in the Virtual Nutri software. CONCLUSION: The results of this study do not allow inferences related to the quality of the databases or indicate superiority of any one of the programs, to be used in practice by the nutrition professional or in research about food consumption. Results suggest the need of design revision and the nutrient database of softwares used in planning and analyzing food consumption.