Resumo Objetivo: descrever o processo de implantação subnacional da certificação da eliminação da transmissão vertical de HIV e/ou sífilis, suas principais barreiras, desafios e oportunidades. Métodos: em 2022, foram avaliados indicadores do último ano completo para meta de impacto, e dos dois últimos anos completos para metas de processo, disponíveis nos sistemas nacionais de informações; foram analisados relatórios descritivos e reconhecidas ações em quatro eixos temáticos, conforme recomendações da OPAS/OMS. Resultados: 43 municípios ≥ 100 mil habitantes foram certificados, abrangendo 24,6 milhões de habitantes; um município alcançou dupla eliminação (HIV-sífilis), 28 alcançaram eliminação para HIV e 10, selos prata; para sífilis, houve uma eliminação, 4 selos ouro, 13 prata e 4 bronze; identificou-se maior número de certificações nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Conclusão: barreiras e desafios do processo foram superados pela colaboração tripartite; a experiência proporcionou melhor integração da vigilância com a assistência e qualificação das ações para prevenção da transmissão vertical.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el proceso de implementación subnacional de la certificación de eliminación de la transmisión vertical (TV) de sífilis y/o VIH, barreras, oportunidades y desafíos. Métodos: en 2022, se evaluaron indicadores del último año completo para la meta de impacto y de los dos últimos años para las de proceso en los sistemas de información; se analizaron informes descriptivos y se reconocieron acciones de cuatro ejes, según las recomendaciones de la OPS/OMS. Resultados: se certificaron 43 municipios ≥ 100.000 mil habitantes, cubriendo 24,6 millones de habitantes; un municipio logró la doble eliminación (VIH-sífilis), 28 la eliminación del VIH y 10 sellos plata; para sífilis, hubo una eliminación, 4 sellos oro, 13 plata y 4 bronce; las regiones Sudeste y Sur obtuvieron más certificaciones. Conclusión: barreras y desafíos fueron superados mediante la colaboración tripartita; la experiencia permitió la integración de la vigilancia con la atención y la cualificación de acciones para la prevención de la TV.

Abstract Objective: to describe the subnational implementation process of the certification for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and/or syphilis, its main barriers, challenges and opportunities. Methods: in 2022, indicators from the last full year for impact targets and the last two full years for process targets, available in national information systems, were evaluated; descriptive reports were analyzed and actions were acknowledged within four thematic axes, according to PAHO/WHO recommendations. Results: 43 municipalities ≥ 100,000 inhabitants were certified, covering 24.6 million inhabitants; one municipality achieved dual elimination (HIV-syphilis), 28 municipalities achieved elimination of HIV and 10 received silver tiers; regarding syphilis, one elimination was observed, along with 4 gold tiers, 13 silver tiers and 4 bronze tiers; a higher number of certifications was identified in the Southeast and South regions. Conclusion: barriers and challenges of the process were overcome through tripartite collaboration; the experience provided better integration of surveillance with care and improved actions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission.

Abstract Objective: to describe the subnational implementation process of the certification for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and/or syphilis, its main barriers, challenges and opportunities. Methods: in 2022, indicators from the last full year for impact targets and the last two full years for process targets, available in national information systems, were evaluated; descriptive reports were analyzed and actions were acknowledged within four thematic axes, according to PAHO/WHO recommendations. Results: 43 municipalities ≥ 100,000 inhabitants were certified, covering 24.6 million inhabitants; one municipality achieved dual elimination (HIV-syphilis), 28 municipalities achieved elimination of HIV and 10 received silver tiers; regarding syphilis, one elimination was observed, along with 4 gold tiers, 13 silver tiers and 4 bronze tiers; a higher number of certifications was identified in the Southeast and South regions. Conclusion: barriers and challenges of the process were overcome through tripartite collaboration; the experience provided better integration of surveillance with care and improved actions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el proceso de implementación subnacional de la certificación de eliminación de la transmisión vertical (TV) de sífilis y/o VIH, barreras, oportunidades y desafíos. Métodos: en 2022, se evaluaron indicadores del último año completo para la meta de impacto y de los dos últimos años para las de proceso en los sistemas de información; se analizaron informes descriptivos y se reconocieron acciones de cuatro ejes, según las recomendaciones de la OPS/OMS. Resultados: se certificaron 43 municipios ≥ 100.000 mil habitantes, cubriendo 24,6 millones de habitantes; un municipio logró la doble eliminación (VIH-sífilis), 28 la eliminación del VIH y 10 sellos plata; para sífilis, hubo una eliminación, 4 sellos oro, 13 plata y 4 bronce; las regiones Sudeste y Sur obtuvieron más certificaciones. Conclusión: barreras y desafíos fueron superados mediante la colaboración tripartita; la experiencia permitió la integración de la vigilancia con la atención y la cualificación de acciones para la prevención de la TV.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o processo de implantação subnacional da certificação da eliminação da transmissão vertical de HIV e/ou sífilis, suas principais barreiras, desafios e oportunidades. Métodos: em 2022, foram avaliados indicadores do último ano completo para meta de impacto, e dos dois últimos anos completos para metas de processo, disponíveis nos sistemas nacionais de informações; foram analisados relatórios descritivos e reconhecidas ações em quatro eixos temáticos, conforme recomendações da OPAS/OMS. Resultados: 43 municípios ≥ 100 mil habitantes foram certificados, abrangendo 24,6 milhões de habitantes; um município alcançou dupla eliminação (HIV-sífilis), 28 alcançaram eliminação para HIV e 10, selos prata; para sífilis, houve uma eliminação, 4 selos ouro, 13 prata e 4 bronze; identificou-se maior número de certificações nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Conclusão: barreiras e desafios do processo foram superados pela colaboração tripartite; a experiência proporcionou melhor integração da vigilância com a assistência e qualificação das ações para prevenção da transmissão vertical.

RESUMO O estudo da interação entre estruturas hidráulicas em sistemas fluviais de leito móvel é complexo pois envolve transporte de sedimentos e mudanças dinâmicas nas condições de contorno, sendo necessário o uso de modelos físicos. Este artigo apresenta o procedimento para o desenho e construção de um modelo físico do reservatório e da barragem da Pequena Central Hidroelétrica (PCH) de Salto Paraopeba. Na fase de desenho, foi utilizada a modelagem computacional de transporte de sedimentos para a reconstituição da geometria primitiva do rio, também foram realizadas simulações do regime do escoamento e da capacidade de transporte ao longo do curso do rio; ambos os resultados permitiram delimitar a extensão do modelo. Considerando a escolha da escala e os critérios de semelhança entre o modelo e o protótipo, foi proposto o uso de um novo material alternativo, composto por partículas de borracha de pneu trituradas, de massa específica menor e diâmetro maior do que o sedimento do protótipo. Na fase de construção, foi aplicado um novo método construtivo do modelo físico empregando fibra de vidro, o método apresenta vantagens construtivas como melhor representação da morfologia, menor peso, instalação e desinstalação simples mediante módulos, e reparações simples e rápidas, entre outras. contorno físicos PCH (PCH Paraopeba rio protótipo alternativo trituradas vidro morfologia peso módulos rápidas outras

ABSTRACT The study of the interaction between hydraulic structures in mobile bed river systems is complex because it involves sediment transport and dynamic changes in the boundary conditions, requiring the use of physical models. This article presents the procedure for the design and construction of a physical model of the reservoir and dam of the Small Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHPP) of Salto Paraopeba. In the design phase, computational modelling of sediment transport was used to reconstitute the primitive geometry of the river, and simulations of the flow regime and the transport capacity along the course of the river were also carried out; both results allowed to delimit the model extension. Considering the choice of scale and the similarity criteria between the model and the prototype, the use of a new alternative material was proposed, composed of crushed tire rubber particles, with a lower specific mass and a larger diameter than the prototype's sediment. In the construction phase, a new constructive method of the physical model was applied using fiberglass, the method presents constructive advantages, such as better representation of the morphology, lower weight, simple installation and uninstallation through modules, and simple and fast repairs, among others. conditions models SHPP (SHPP Paraopeba phase out extension prototype proposed particles prototypes s fiberglass advantages morphology weight modules repairs others

Abstract Aim: In this study, we sought to analyze the influence of the quality of opposition on players’ performance of Club Atlético de Madrid (ATM) 2016/2017. For that, the Golden Index (GI) formula was applied to identify and rank the Golden Players of ATM when playing against opponents of different quality levels. Methods: GI formula variables were collected through notational analysis and three global adjacency matrices were constructed to record all successful ball-passing actions performed. Next, the matrices were imported to SocNetV to collect the network centrality metrics. To uniformize each variable, the statistical standardization technique was applied to all variables. ATM opponents were classified into three groups: high-level (n=4), medium-level (n=2) and low-level (n=2), according to their classification in La Liga and participation in the final stage of UEFA Champions League 2016/2017. Results: Koke was considered the Golden Player playing against high-level teams, while opposing low-level opponents he was ranked as second. Against medium- and low-level teams, Antoine Griezmann was considered the Golden Player, but was not classified in the three first positions against high-level opponents. Yannick Carrasco and Filipe Luís were ranked in the second and third positions, respectively, when playing against high- and medium-level opponents. Also, Saúl Ñíguez obtained the third higher index against low-level teams. Conclusions: This study evidenced that players’ individual performance is influenced by the quality of the opposition. Additionally, the GI formula proved to be a potent tool in analyzing player’s performance in attacking plays in Football.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A região Amazônica é uma das principais áreas endêmicas da hepatite delta no mundo e a única relacionada com a presença do genótipo 3 do vírus delta. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil, mortalidade e sobrevida dos pacientes cirróticos submetidos a transplante hepático por hepatite crônica pelo vírus delta e comparar com os transplantados pela monoinfecção do vírus da hepatite B. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo. Entre maio de 2002 a dezembro de 2011, foram realizados 629 transplantes de fígado no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, dos quais 29 pacientes foram transplantados por cirrose causada pela infecção crônica do vírus delta e 40 pela monoinfecção crônica da hepatite B. As variáveis analisadas foram: origem, idade, sexo, escore de MELD, classificação de Child-Pugh, ocorrência de hemorragia digestiva alta e carcinoma hepatocelular antes do transplante, número de plaquetas perioperatória, mortalidade e sobrevida. RESULTADOS: O Grupo Delta foi mais jovem e todos oriundos da região Amazônica Brasileira. O Grupo B apresentou maior proporção de pacientes do sexo masculino (92,5%) em relação ao Grupo D (58,6%). A ocorrência de hemorragia digestiva alta antes do transplante, escore de MELD e classificação de Child-Pugh não obtiveram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. A ocorrência de carcinoma hepatocelular e a mortalidade foram maiores no grupo com hepatite B. A sobrevida em 4 anos foi de 95% no Grupo delta e 75% no Grupo B com diferença estatisticamente significante (P=0,034). Pacientes com hepatite delta, apresentaram mais acentuada plaquetopenia no pré-transplante e no pós-operatório imediato. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com hepatite por vírus delta submetidos ao transplante hepático eram predominantemente homens, vindos da região da Amazônia brasileira e com função hepática semelhante a dos pacientes com vírus da hepatite B. Apresentavam menor incidência de carcinoma hepatocelular, níveis de trombocitopenia perioperatória mais acentuados e episódios frequentes de hemorragia digestiva alta. Os pacientes com hepatite por vírus delta apresentaram menor mortalidade e maior sobrevida que os pacientes com vírus da hepatite B.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Amazon region is one of the main endemic areas of hepatitis delta in the world and the only one related to the presence of genotype 3 of the delta virus. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile, mortality and survival of cirrhotic patients submitted to liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis delta virus and compare with those transplanted by hepatitis B virus monoinfection. METHODS: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. From May 2002 to December 2011, 629 liver transplants were performed at the Walter Cantídio University Hospital, of which 29 patients were transplanted due to cirrhosis caused by chronic delta virus infection and 40 by hepatitis B chronic monoinfection. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, MELD score, Child-Pugh score, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence before the transplantation, perioperative platelet count, mortality and survival. RESULTS: The Delta Group was younger and all came from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Group B presented a higher proportion of male patients (92.5%) compared to Group D (58.6%). The occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding before transplantation, MELD score, and Child-Pugh score did not show statistical differences between groups. The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality were higher in the hepatitis B Group. The survival in 4 years was 95% in the Delta Group and 75% in the B Group, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.034). Patients with hepatitis delta presented more evident thrombocytopenia in the pre-transplantation and in the immediate postoperative period. CONCLUSION: The hepatitis by delta virus patients who underwent liver transplantation were predominantly male, coming from the Brazilian Amazon region and with similar liver function to the hepatitis B virus patients. They had a lower incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, more marked perioperative thrombocytopenia levels and frequent episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with hepatitis by delta virus had lower mortality and higher survival than patients with hepatitis B virus.

Tactical behavior could be affected by changes in small-sided game (SSG) formats. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of different pitch lengths during 7-a-side SSGs played by young football players. Fourteen male soccer players in each age group (13 and 14 years old, U13 and U14 teams) were divided in two teams of seven players who played four SSGs of 7 minutes, interspersed with 4 minutes of passive recovery. The only modification to the SSG format was pitch length: 60 m (SSG60), 50 m (SSG50), 40 m (SSG40), and 30 m (SSG30), while the width of the field was kept constant at 40 m. The variables used to characterize collective behavior were grouped in a) intra-team variables, namely, team length (L), team width (W), effective area of team play or convex hull (CH), and stretch index (SI); and b) inter-team variables, namely distance between centroids (DC), length of both teams (L2), width of both teams (W2), convex hull of both teams (CH2), and stretch index of both teams (SI2). Our results revealed different intra and inter-team behaviors according to SSG format and player age. L, CH, SI, DC, L2, CH2, and SI2 all increased with increasing pitch length, while W and W2 showed only minimal changes. The differences were greater in the U13 group, suggesting that younger players were more likely to vary their collective behavior in response to changes to pitch length, inter-task, particularly in the longer pitches (SSG50 and SSG60). Conversely, using the analysis of the entropy, greater unpredictability of tactical behavior was observed in the U14 group, intra-task, compared with the U13 group. Overall, the findings suggest that responses to task constraints, such as modifications to pitch length and accordingly relative area of play, are dependent on age (experience, skill) and this is something coaches should consider when designing SSGs to develop team tactics.

El comportamiento táctico puede verse afectado por los cambios en los formatos de juegos reducidos (SSG). El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia de diferentes longitudes del terreno de juego en formatos SSG-de-7 jugadores en jóvenes futbolistas. 14 jugadores masculinos de fútbol en cada grupo de edad (13 y 14 años, U13 y U14, respectivamente) se dividieron en dos equipos de siete jugadores, quienes jugaron en cuatro SSGs de 7 minutos de duración, intercalados con 4 minutos de recuperación pasiva. La única modificación en el formato SSG fue longitud del terreno: 60 m (SSG60), 50 m (SSG50), 40 m (SSG40) y 30 m (SSG30), mientras que la anchura del campo de 40 m se mantuvo constante. Las variables utilizadas para caracterizar el comportamiento colectivo se agruparon en: a) variables intra-equipo, es decir, la longitud del equipo (L), ancho del equipo (W), el área efectiva de juego del equipo o convex hull (CH), y el strech index (SI); y b) las variables inter-equipo, es decir, la distancia entre los centroides (DC), la longitud de los dos equipos (L2), la anchura de los dos equipos (W2), envolvente convexa de los dos equipos (CH2), y el índice de estiramiento de los dos equipos (SI2). Los resultados revelan diferentes comportamientos intra e inter-equipo de acuerdo al formato de SSG y la edad del jugador. Las variables L, CH, SI, DC, L2, CH2, y SI2 aumentaron con el incremento en longitud del terreno, mientras que W y W2 mostraron sólo cambios mínimos. Las diferencias fueron mayores en el grupo U13, lo que sugiere que los jugadores más jóvenes fueron más propensos a variar su comportamiento colectivo en respuesta a los cambios de alargar el terreno de juego, inter-tarea, especilamente en los campos más largos (SSG50 y SSG60). Por el contrario, utilizando el análisis de la entropía, mayor imprevisibilidad de comportamiento del equipo se observó en el grupo U14, intra-tarea, en comparación con el grupo U13. En general, los resultados sugieren que las respuestas a la limitación de las tareas, tales como la modificación de la longitud del espacio y el espacio relativo de juego, son dependientes de la edad (experiencia, habilidad) y esto es algo que los entrenadores deben tener en cuenta al diseñar los SSGs para desarrollar comportameintos tácticos colectivos.

Abstract This study analyzed the influence of rules manipulation on offensive patterns in different Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCGs). Fourteen young soccer players (13.82 ± 1.94 years) performed two different SSCG formats (6v6+Gk): Maintenance of Ball Possession Game (MPG) and Progression to the Target Game (PTG). Both games were played on a field 52 m long by 32 m wide. We used the Offensive Sequences Characterization System (OSCS) and SoccerEye software to analyze offensive sequences. For statistical analysis, we used the Mann-Whitney test to compare variables that compose the OSCS between the two SSCGs, while the SDIS-GSEQ software allowed us to detect offensive patterns. We concluded that the rule manipulation of SSCGs influenced changes in teams' offensive patterns, in which they self-organized according to manipulation of key task constraints.

Abstract This study aims to present a methodology for the design of a surface drainage system for dry docks in shipyards, taking into account the rainfall intensity at the site, the damping capacity of the hydraulic structures (drainage channels) and the pumping capacity of the pumping system. A case study of a dry dock owned by Estaleiro Rio Grande, located at the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is presented. The results obtained indicate alternatives for channel and submersible pump sizing. These pumps would be used to control the dry dock flooding after an intense rainfall event.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a distribuição de flutuação de pressão a jusante de dissipadores de energia hidráulica tipo concha em 12 diferentes geometrias. Foram avaliados dados resultantes de 78 ensaios, com números de Froude na entrada da estrutura (Ft) variando entre 3,2 e 7,6 e diferentes condições de tirante de água sobre a concha. A partir dos resultados dos ensaios foi possível definir as condições mínimas para garantir que a estrutura funcione de forma submersa (“roller bucket”), bem como, equações para previsão do local onde ocorre a máxima flutuação de pressão, seu valor e a estimativa da flutuação de pressão junto à saída da estrutura.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the distribution of pressure fluctuations measured downstream from 12 different clamshell-type hydraulic energy dissipators. Data were collected resulting in a battery of 78 tests with Froude numbers varying from 3.2 to 7.6 at the device inlets (Ft), under different water level conditions above the clamshell. These tests provided the basis for the analysis of the minimum conditions required to initiate a submerged flow (acting as a roller bucket device), and also to develop equations to predict where the maximum pressure fluctuation occurs, its value and estimates of the pressure fluctuation at the device outlets.

PURPOSE : To evaluate and compare clinical and inflammatory responses to the surgical trauma caused by cholecystectomy via several access approaches: single-port umbilical incision (SILS), transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), laparoscopy, and Laparotomy. METHODS : Twenty-eight female pigs were equally divided into four groups and submitted to cholecystectomy by single-port umbilical incision, transvaginal NOTES, laparoscopy, or Laparotomy. An additional five animals served as controls (sham group). Animals were monitored perioperatively regarding anesthesia and surgical procedure times, as well as for the presence of complications. Postoperatively, they were evaluated regarding time to ambulation and feeding, and the presence of clinical events. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and AQUI feron-gamma (IFN-γ) measurements were performed before surgery and immediately, two days, and seven days after surgery. Animals were sacrificed and necropsied at seven days after surgery. RESULTS : All procedures were successfully performed as proposed in each group. Only minor complications, such as gallbladder perforation and bleeding from the liver bed, were observed during surgery in all groups. The vaginal NOTES group showed higher anesthesia and surgical procedure times compared to the other groups (p<0.001). No other between-group differences in perioperative or postoperative times, clinical evolution, or serum inflammatory markers were observed. Only adhesions were found on necropsy, with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: The single-port umbilical and transvaginal NOTES access approaches were feasible and safe compared to laparoscopic and laparotomy for cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVES: Carotid artery stenting is an emerging revascularization alternative to carotid endarterectomy. However, guidelines have recommended carotid artery stenting only if the rate of periprocedural stroke or death is < 6% among symptomatic patients and < 3% among asymptomatic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical outcomes of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had undergone carotid artery stenting as a first-intention treatment. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent carotid artery stenting by our interventional neuroradiology team was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups: symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The primary endpoints were ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 30 days. The secondary endpoints included ipsilateral ischemic stroke, ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage, ipsilateral transient ischemic attack and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between the 1- and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: A total of 200 consecutive patients were evaluated. The primary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral stroke (2.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 1.00), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (4.7% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.71). The secondary endpoints obtained in the symptomatic vs. asymptomatic groups were ipsilateral ischemic stroke (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (0.0% vs. 0.0%), ipsilateral TIA (0.0% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (11.2% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, carotid artery stenting was similarly safe and effective when performed as a first-intention treatment in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The study results comply with the safety requirements from current recommendations to perform carotid artery stenting as an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy.

Esse trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um modelo hidráulico reduzido (MHR) do sistema extravasor operacional da barragem de rejeitos Forquilha IV (escala 1:10), de propriedade da Vale S.A. Os estudos foram conduzidos pelo Centro de Pesquisas Hidráulicas e Recursos Hídricos (CPH) da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e pela empresa Vogbr Recursos Hídricos & Geotecnia Ltda. É apresentada, nesse trabalho, uma breve descrição da construção do modelo, bem como a bateria de ensaios prevista para análise hidráulica da estrutura. O MHR representa a galeria de encosta, a caixa de dissipação e a saída para o túnel de restituição. O projeto do MHR representa uma etapa vital na análise preliminar do comportamento hidráulico do protótipo frente à passagem da cheia de projeto (vazão decamilenar), assim como a análise de seu funcionamento para vazões mais frequentes.

This paper presents the development of a reduced hydraulic model (RHM) for the outflow operating system at the Forquilha IV (scale 1:10) tailings dam, owned by Vale S.A. The studies were performed by Centro de Pesquisas Hidráulicas e Recursos Hídricos (CPH) of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the company Vogbr Recursos Hídricos & Geotecnia Ltda. We present here a brief description of the model construction and the test battery set for the structure’s hydraulic analysis. RHM involves the hillside culvert, the dissipation box and the exit to the restitution tunnel. The RHM project represents an essential step in the first analysis of the hydraulic behavior of the prototype, considering the designed flood station (ten thousand-year flood flow), as well as the analysis of its operation with more frequent flows.

Soccer dynamics have evolved in response to environmental factors such as match status, type of competition, and competition stage. Observational analysis has shed light into the behavior of players, but few researchers have looked at the complexity of the interactions between players and their teams over time. Here we investigated the variables influencing the patterns of play and the evolution of tactical and technical behaviors through the last three decades. A retrospective inferential study was applied. SoccerEye observational instrument and recording software were used to observe and record 45 matches and 6791 attacks from European and World Cup semi-finals and finals between 1982 and 2010. Publicly available broadcast footage was used for the analysis. Generalizability theory was used as the basis of the statistical analysis. The patterns of play changed by 31.4% from 1982 to 2010. Team dynamics were influenced by match status (28.0%), competition stage (26.5%), and game period (18.1%). During the last decade (2002-2010), teams tended to use less the dribble and running with the ball but to increase long passing rate. During 2002-2010 decade, the frequency of attacks down the wings was higher than in 1982-2000, probably a result of the numerical disadvantage of the attacking team in the area of play. Soccer dynamics have changed towards more teamwork and less individual work over the last 30 years. However, not only time, but also match status, competition stage, and game period have influenced the patterns of play.

A dinâmica do jogo de Futebol tem evoluído devido a fatores ambientais como o resultado, o tipo e a fase da competição. Através da utilização da análise observacional, verificou-se que o comportamento dos jogadores tem vindo a alterar-se. Contudo, escasseiam investigações acerca das interações entre os jogadores e as equipas ao longo do tempo. Neste estudo analisaram-se as variáveis que parecem influenciar a evolução tática e técnica dos jogadores de Futebol ao longo das últimas três décadas. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos de observação e de registo SoccerEye para registar 45 jogos e 6791 ataques referentes às meias-finais e finais dos Campeonatos da Europa UEFA e do Mundo FIFA de Futebol entre 1982 e 2010. Utilizou-se a teoria da generabilidade como a base para a análise estatística dos dados. Os padrões de jogo alteraram-se em 31.4% desde 1982 até 2010, enquanto o resultado, a fase da competição e o período do jogo influenciaram em 28.0%, 26.5% e 18.1% as alterações, respetivamente. Entre 2002 e 2010, utilizou-se menos o drible e a condução de bola e, inversamente, aumentou-se a utilização do passe longo, i.e., predomina atualmente um jogo mais coletivo. Já a quantidade de ataques pelos corredores laterais aumentou relativamente ao período 1982-2000, como consequência da desvantagem numérica no centro do jogo. Não obstante o fator tempo ser o maior responsável pelas alterações dos padrões de jogo ao longo dos últimos 30 anos, o resultado do jogo, a fase da competição e o período do jogo parecem também ter influenciados.

La dinámica del fútbol ha evolucionado como respuesta a factores ambientales tales como el resultado de los partidos, tipo y etapa de la competición. La metodología observacional ha permitido analizar el comportamiento de los jugadores, pero pocos investigadores han examinado las interacciones entre los jugadores y los equipos a lo largo del tiempo. En este trabajo se ha investigado acerca de las variables que influyen la evolución de los comportamientos tácticos y técnicos a lo largo de las tres últimas décadas. El instrumento de observación construido y el programa informático SoccerEye permitieron observar y registrar 45 partidos y 6.791 ataques de semifinales y finales de las Eurocopa UEFA y de las Copas del Mundo FIFA entre 1982 y 2010. El análisis estadístico se basó en la aplicación de la Teoría de la Generalizabilidad. Los patrones de juego se modificaron en 31,4% desde 1982 hasta 2010, mientras que el resultado, la fase de competición y el período de partido influyeron en el juego en el 28,0%, 26,5% y 18,1%, respectivamente. Entre 2002 y 2010, los equipos tienden a utilizar menos el drible y conducción del balón, pero aumentó la frecuencia de pase largo. También, el número de ataques por las bandas fue mayor que en 1982-2000, y se trata probablemente de una consecuencia de la desventaja numérica en el centro de juego. La dinámica del fútbol ha cambiado hacia un mayor trabajo en equipo en los últimos 30 años. Sin embargo, no sólo el tiempo, sino también el resultado, la etapa de la competición, y el período de juego han influido en los patrones de juego.

O desempenho ofensivo de equipes de futebol de elite é influenciado por diversas variáveis situacionais como, por exemplo, o resultado momentâneo do jogo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo indagar a influência do resultado momentâneo do jogo na elaboração dos padrões ofensivos em futebol de elite, a partir da análise dos jogos das equipes semifinalistas do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2010. Foram observados 1938 ataques realizados pelas seleções semifinalistas do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2010 que, posteriormente, foram elencados de acordo com o resultado momentâneo do jogo: vitória, empate ou derrota. Utilizaram-se os softwares SoccerEye (versão 3.2) e SDIS-GSEQ (versão 5.1) para o registro e análise dos dados, respetivamente. As seleções nacionais da Alemanha, Holanda e Uruguai revelaram maior dificuldade em marcar gols quando se encontravam em desvantagem no marcador dos jogos disputados, conseguindo-os após cruzamento positivo ou infração às leis do jogo cometida pela equipe adversária. Por sua vez, a seleção nacional de Espanha tendeu a rematar à baliza adversária após passe curto, tanto em situação de derrotada como de vitoriosa. Os padrões ofensivos parecem ser influenciados pelo resultado momentâneo do jogo, com exceção para a equipa de Espanha, que utilizou um estilo de jogo indireto, independentemente do resultado momentâneo do jogo.

The attacking performance in elite soccer is a complex process that is influenced by several situational variables, such as match status. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of match status on the configuration of attacking patterns of play performed by elite soccer teams based on the analysis of matches played by the semi-finalists of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. We observed 28 matches, 7 per semi-finalist team of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, resulting in 1938 attacks, further ordered according to match status (winning, drawing or losing). The SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software (version 3.2), and SDIS-GSEQ analysis software (version 5.1) were used. The national teams of Germany, Netherlands and Uruguay showed more difficulty in scoring goals while losing the match, although they scored after a positive crossing or after a free kick committed by the opposing team. The national team of Spain tended to shoot into the opponent goal after short passing, in both losing and winning situations. We conclude that attacking patterns of play were influenced by match status in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, with the exception of Spanish national team, which tended to use an indirect style of play with no dependence on match status.

Recuperar a posse de bola é o objetivo da fase defensiva em Futebol, sendo simultaneamente o primeiro momento do ataque. A identificação do local e da forma como a bola é recuperada em competições de elite, tendo em consideração a fase da competição, revela-se fundamental para o entendimento dos padrões ofensivos e do diacronismo dos eventos, permitindo o desenvolvimento de processos de treino específicos. Pretende-se caracterizar os padrões de recuperação de posse de bola, tendo em consideração a(s) zona(s) do terreno de jogo e a fase da competição, e analisar os padrões ofensivos que resultaram de cada tipo de recuperação de bola nas equipes semifinalistas do Campeonato do Mundo 2010. Utilizou-se a Metodologia Observacional através do instrumento de observação SoccerEye, do software de registro SoccerEye e do software de análise SDIS-GSEQ. Através de transmissões públicas de televisão, registraram-se 24 jogos do Mundial 2010, tendo-se obtido 1.619 ataques. A recuperação direta da posse de bola foi a forma mais utilizada. O desarme e a ação defensiva seguida de passe na zona central média-defensiva originaram oportunidades de gols. As intercepções ocorreram na zona central média-ofensiva, resultando em ataques sem eficácia, enquanto as intervenções do goleiro ocorreram na zona central defensiva sem relações significativas com comportamentos indutores de final de ataque. A configuração dos padrões de ataque é influenciada pelo modo como a bola é recuperada. O local e a forma de recuperação da posse de bola são similares quando comparadas as duas fases do Mundial 2010.

In soccer, ball recovery is the purpose of the defensive phase and it is also the first stage of the attack. Identifying how and where the ball is regained in elite competitions, taking in consideration the competition stage, is central to an understanding of the attacking patterns and of the diachronic order of events, and such knowledge can be used to develop specific drills in training. This study aims to characterize ball recovery patterns while taking into account the pitch zone(s) and the competition stage, and to investigate the influence of each type of ball recovery on the subsequent patterns of attacking play in matches played by the World Cup 2010 semi-finalists. Observational methodology and lag sequential analysis were applied, with the use of SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software and SDIS-GSEQ analytic software. Twenty-four matches were recorded from public TV broadcasts, yielding 1,619 attacks. Direct ball recovery was the most common form, with a tackle and defensive behaviour followed by a pass in the central mid-defensive zone resulting in goal attempts. Interceptions occurred mainly in the central mid-offensive zone inducing unsuccessful attacking patterns of play, while interventions by goalkeepers were most likely to occur in the central defensive zone with no significant associations with any ending of attack behaviours. Patterns of attacking play depend on the form of ball recovery. The pitch space and the form of ball recovery are similar when we compare both stages of the World Cup 2010.