Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of RORγT inhibition by digoxin on inflammatory changes related to interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the pulp of rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Methodology Forty male Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group (NCG) treated with saline solution, a positive control group (PCG) treated with ZOL (0.20 mg/kg), and three groups treated with ZOL and co-treated with digoxin 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg (DG1, 2, and 4). After four intravenous administrations of ZOL or saline solution in a 70-day protocol, the right molars were evaluated by histomorphometry (number of blood vessels, blood vessels/µm2, cells/µm2, total blood vessel area, and average blood vessel area) and immunohistochemistry (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β). The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test was used for statistical analysis. Results PCG showed an increase in total blood vessel area (p=0.008) and average blood vessel area (p=0.014), and digoxin treatment reversed these changes. DG4 showed a reduction in blood vessels/µm2 (p<0.001). In PCG odontoblasts, there was an increase in IL-17 (p=0.002) and TNF-α (p=0.002) immunostaining, and in DG4, these changes were reversed. Odontoblasts in the digoxin-treated groups also showed an increase in IL-6 immunostaining (p<0.001) and a reduction in TGF-β immunostaining (p=0.002), and all ZOL-treated groups showed an increase in IL-17 (p=0.011) and TNF-α (p=0.017) in non-odontoblasts cells. Conclusion ZOL induces TNF-α- and IL-17-dependent vasodilation and ectasia, and the classical Th17 response activation pathway does not seem to participate in this process.

Resumo Fundamento vários estudos avaliam alterações ecocardiográficas como preditores de risco cardiovascular; entretanto, nenhum associa risco cardiovascular global com alterações ecocardiográficas em brasileiros. Objetivo Este estudo avalia a associação entre risco cardiovascular global (ASCVD) e achados ecocardiográficos como hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE), disfunção diastólica (DDVE) e aumento do volume do átrio esquerdo (AE). Métodos A população foi composta por participantes do ELSA-Brasil que realizaram ecocardiografia entre 2008 e 2010 (n = 2.973). Eram assintomáticos e não tinham história de doença cardiovascular (DCV). O escore ASCVD foi calculado em dois períodos: 2008-2010 e 2012-2014. Razões de prevalência (RP) foram estimadas com intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados Evidenciou-se associação entre alterações ecocardiográficas e alto risco cardiovascular global (escore ASCVD ≥ 7,5) nos dois períodos do estudo, separadamente. O risco global combinado (baixo risco no primeiro período e alto risco no segundo período) teve associação significativa apenas com DDVE (RP = 3,68; IC 95%: 2,63-5,15) e HVE (RP = 2,20; IC 95%: 1,62–3,00). Conclusão Alterações ecocardiográficas (DDVE, HVE e aumento do volume do AE) são preditores independentes de risco cardiovascular em adultos brasileiros sem DCV prévias.

Abstract Background Several studies have evaluated echocardiographic abnormalities as predictors of cardiovascular risk; however, none have associated the global cardiovascular risk with echocardiographic abnormalities in the Brazilian population. Objective This study evaluates the association between the global cardiovascular risk (ASCVD score) and three echocardiographic abnormalities: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), and increased left atrium (LA) volume. Methods The study population was composed of participants from ELSA-Brasil who underwent echocardiography between 2008 and 2010 (n = 2973). They were asymptomatic and had no history of cardiovascular disease. The ASCVD score was calculated in two periods: 2008-2010 and 2012-2014. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results There is an association between echocardiographic abnormalities and high global cardiovascular risk (ASCVD score ≥ 7.5) in both study periods, separately. The combined global risk (low risk in the first period and high risk in the second period) was significantly associated only with LVDD (PR = 3.68, CI 95% 2.63–5.15) and LVH (PR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.62–3.00). Conclusion Echocardiographic abnormalities (LVDD, LVH, and increased LA volume) are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk in Brazilian adults.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor on trigeminal ganglion changes and orofacial discomfort/nociception in rats submitted to an experimental model of dental occlusal interference (DOI). Methods: Female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided into five groups: a sham group (without DOI) (n=15); and four experimental groups with DOI treated daily with 0.1 mL/kg saline (DOI+SAL), 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg celecoxib (DOI+cel -8, -16, -32) (n=30/group). The animals were euthanized after one, three, and seven days. The bilateral trigeminal ganglia were analyzed histomorphometrically (neuron cell body area) and immunohistochemically (COX-2, nuclear factor-kappa B [NFkB], and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y [PPARy]). A bilateral nociception assay of the masseter muscle was performed. The number of bites/scratches, weight, and grimace scale scores were determined daily. One-way/two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni post hoc tests were used (P < .05, GraphPad Prism 5.0). Results: DOI+SAL showed a reduction in neuron cell body area bilaterally, whereas DOI+cel-32 exhibited a significative increase in neuron cell body area compared with DOI+SAL group (P < 0.05). The ipsilateral (P=0.007 and P=0.039) and contralateral (P < 0.001 and P=0.005) overexpression of COX-2 and NFkB and downregulation of PPARy (P=0.016 and P < 0.001) occurred in DOI+SAL, but DOI+cel-32 reverted this alteration. DOI+SAL showed increase in isplateral (P < 0.001) and contralateral (P < 0.001) nociception, an increased number of bites (P=0.010), scratches (P < 0.001), and grimace scores (P=0.032). In the group of DOI+cel-32, these parameters were reduced. Conclusions: Celecoxib attenuated DOI-induced transitory nociception/orofacial discomfort resulting from trigeminal COX-2 overexpression.

Abstract Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcumalonga), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1β (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as razões correlacionadas à omissão de cuidados de enfermagem em um hospital universitário. Método: Delineamento transversal analítico, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário do Nordeste do Brasil, nos meses de janeiro a fevereiro de 2020. A população do estudo compreendeu enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem que atuavam na assistência direta ao paciente. Aplicou-se a versão brasileira do Missed Nursing Care Survey em uma amostra por conveniência composta por 227 participantes (79 enfermeiros e 148 técnicos de enfermagem). Foram calculadas estatísticas uni e bivariadas no software Statistical Package for social Science, versão 26.0. Resultados: O cuidado de enfermagem mais omitido foi deambulação três vezes por dia ou conforme prescrito (70,9%). A razão mais prevalente foi aumento inesperado do volume e/ou gravidade dos pacientes da unidade (93,0%). Foram verificadas correlações positivas, embora fracas, entre a omissão de cuidados geral, bem como por nível de prioridade, e razões de omissão atribuídas pelos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem (p < 0,05). Conclusão O estudo evidenciou que a omissão de cuidados de enfermagem abrangeu todas as cinco dimensões do instrumento correlacionados principalmente aos recursos laborais e materiais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reasons correlated with the omission of nursing care in a university hospital. Method: Analytical cross-sectional design, developed in a university hospital in Northeast Brazil, from January to February 2020. The study population consisted of nurses and nursing technicians who worked in direct patient care. The Brazilian version of the Missed Nursing Care Survey was applied in a convenience sample consisting of 227 participants (79 nurses and 148 nursing technicians). Univariate and bivariate statistics were calculated in the software Statistical Package for Social Science, version 26.0. Results: The most omitted nursing care was walking three times a day or as prescribed (70.9%). The most prevalent reason was an unexpected increase in the volume and/or severity of patients in the unit (93.0%). Positive, albeit weak, correlations were found between overall care omission, as well as omissions by priority level, and reasons for omission given by nurses and nursing technicians (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that the omission of nursing care covered all five dimensions of the instrument, mainly correlated with labor and material resources.

RESUMEN Objectivo: Evaluar los motivos correlacionados con la omisión de cuidados de enfermería en un hospital universitario. Método: Diseño transversal analítico, desarrollado en un hospital universitario en el Nordeste de Brasil, de enero a febrero de 2020. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería que actuaban en el cuidado directo del paciente. La versión brasileña de la Missed Nursing Care Survey en una muestra por conveniencia compuesta por 227 participantes (79 enfermeros y 148 técnicos de enfermería). Las estadísticas univariadas y bivariadas se calcularon en el Software Statistical Package for Social Science, versión 26.0. Resultados: El cuidado de enfermería más omitido fue caminar tres veces al día o según prescripción (70,9%). El motivo más prevalente fue un aumento inesperado en el volumen y/o gravedad de los pacientes en la unidad (93,0%). Se encontraron correlaciones positivas, aunque débiles, entre la omisión de cuidados generales, así como por nivel de prioridad, y las razones de omisión atribuidas por enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería (p < 0,05). Conclusión: El estudio mostró que la omisión del cuidado de enfermería abarcó las cinco dimensiones del instrumento, principalmente correlacionadas con los recursos laborales y materiales.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as plataformas de fazendas de cliques como elemento de aprofundamento da plataformização do trabalho no Brasil. Com base em entrevistas com trabalhadores e observações em plataformas, grupos de WhatsApp, Facebook e vídeos no YouTube, a investigação destaca condições de trabalho, materialidades e formas de organização das pessoas que são pagas para curtir, comentar e seguir perfis em plataformas de mídias sociais. As fazendas de cliques agem como plataformas parasitas em relação às infraestruturas das mídias sociais. O perfil de quem trabalha para as plataformas é de mulher, com histórico de trabalho informal. Há mercados paralelos de venda e compras de contas fakes e bots, que fazem parte das táticas desses trabalhadores para sobreviver no contexto das fazendas de cliques. Brasil WhatsApp YouTube curtir sociais mulher informal bots

Abstract This paper analyses click farm platforms as an element of contribution to the deepening of platformization of labour in Brazil. Based on interviews with workers and observations of platforms, WhatsApp and Facebook groups, and videos on YouTube, the investigation highlights working conditions, materialities and forms of organization of people who are paid to like, comment, and follow accounts on social media platforms. Click farms act as parasite platforms in relation to social media infrastructures. The profile of those who work for the platforms is that of woman, with history of informal work. There are parallel markets for selling and buying fake accounts and bots, which are part of the tactics of these workers to survive in the context of click farms. Brazil groups YouTube conditions like comment infrastructures woman bots

Resumen Introducción: Cuidar a la persona dependiente puede resultar sumamente difícil y agotador en varios niveles, donde la sobrecarga inherente al movimiento manual del paciente, puede provocar una mala postura y consecuentemente lesiones musculoesqueléticas, en el cuidador informal. Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas, cuando se consideran un problema de salud multifactorial, se convierten en una prioridad para la Enfermería de Rehabilitación, donde los cuidadores informales de pacientes dependientes en el hogar merecen una atención especial. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo capacitar a los cuidadores informales de pacientes dependientes en el hogar, para aplicar medidas preventivas de lesiones musculoesqueléticas, inherentes al movimiento manual de pacientes dependientes, en el hogar. Metodología: metodología del proyecto. El diagnóstico de situación se realizó a través de una entrevista estructurada. Para observar la aplicación de las medidas preventivas de lesiones musculoesqueléticas, se aplicó una cuadrícula de observación del comportamiento con veinte ítems, antes y después de la realización de dos lecciones teórico-prácticas sobre procedimientos preventivos de lesiones musculoesqueléticas, en el contexto de la prestación de cuidados. Resultados: La muestra para este estudio consistió en diez cuidadores informales. Todos los participantes eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 53 años; El 80% no tenía síntomas musculoesqueléticos antes de comenzar a cuidar; El 100% no evitó esfuerzos bruscos, ni el uso de los músculos de la espalda y no realizó ejercicios de estiramiento. Después de las sesiones, hubo una mejora en relación con quince de los veinte ítems observados. Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la relevancia de la intervención de Enfermería de Rehabilitación, en la formación de cuidadores informales de pacientes dependientes en el domicilio, en la prevención de lesiones del sistema musculoesquelético.

Resumo Introdução: Prestar cuidados à pessoa com dependência pode ser extremamente difícil e desgastante a vários níveis, onde a sobrecarga inerente à movimentação manual do doente, poderá ocasionar má postura e consequentemente lesões músculo-esqueléticas, no cuidador informal. As lesões músculo-esqueléticas, ao serem consideradas um problema de saúde multifatorial, tornam-se uma prioridade de atuação da Enfermagem de Reabilitação, onde os cuidadores informais de doentes dependentes no domicílio merecem especial atenção. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo capacitar os cuidadores informais de doentes dependentes no domicílio, para a aplicação das medidas preventivas de lesões músculo-esqueléticas, inerentes à execução da movimentação manual do doente dependente, no domicílio. Metodologia: metodologia de projeto. O diagnóstico de situação realizou-se através de uma entrevista estruturada. Para a observação da aplicação de medidas preventivas de lesões músculo-esqueléticas, aplicou-se uma grelha de observação de comportamentos, com vinte itens, antes e após a realização de duas formações teórico-práticas sobre procedimentos preventivos de lesões músculo-esqueléticas, no contexto natural da prestação de cuidados. Resultados: A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por dez cuidadores informais. Todos os participantes pertenciam ao género feminino, com idade média de 53 anos; 80% não possuíam sintomatologia músculo-esquelética antes de começar a cuidar; 100% não evitava esforços bruscos, nem a utilização dos músculos das costas e não executava exercícios de alongamento. Após sessões verificou-se a melhoria em relação a quinze dos vinte itens observados. Conclusão: Este estudo realça a relevância da intervenção da Enfermagem de Reabilitação, na capacitação dos cuidadores informais de doentes dependentes no domicílio, na prevenção das lesões do sistema músculo-esquelético.

Abstract Introduction: Providing care to the person with dependence can be extremely difficult and exhausting at various levels, where the overload inherent to the patient's manual movement, may cause poor posture and consequently musculoskeletal injuries, in the informal caregiver. Musculoskeletal injuries, when considered a multifactorial health problem, become a priority for Rehabilitation Nursing, where informal caregivers of dependent patients at home deserve special attention. This research aimed to train informal caregivers of dependent patients at home, to apply preventive measures for musculoskeletal injuries, inherent to the manual movement of dependent patients, at home. Methodology: project methodology. The situation diagnosis was made through a structured interview. For the observation of the application of preventive measures for musculoskeletal injuries, a behavior observation grid with twenty items was applied, before and after the completion of two theoretical-practical training on preventive procedures for musculoskeletal injuries, in the context care delivery Results: The sample for this study consisted of ten informal caregivers. All participants were female, with an average age of 53 years; 80% had no musculoskeletal symptoms before starting to care; 100% did not avoid sudden efforts, nor the use of the back muscles and did not perform stretching exercises. After sessions, there was an improvement in relation to fifteen of the twenty items observed. Conclusion: This study highlights the relevance of the Rehabilitation Nursing intervention, in the training of informal caregivers of dependent patients at home, in the prevention of injuries to the musculoskeletal system.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o estado nutricional e a frequência de consumo de alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios por portadores de doenças inflamatórias intestinais. Metodologia Estudo transversal com indivíduos assistidos pelo ambulatório interdisciplinar de doenças inflamatórias intestinais da UNIVALI-SC. Avaliados por meio do estado nutricional e classificados de acordo com o índice de massa corporal, bem como através de um questionário contendo dados socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e frequência do consumo de alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios. Resultados Dos 65 pacientes, 57% eram portadores de doença de Crohn e 43% de retocolite ulcerativa. De acordo com a atividade da doença, 71% encontravam-se em remissão e 29% em atividade. Da amostra, 57% foram classificados como acima do peso. Não foi possível correlacionar estado nutricional e o tipo de doenças inflamatórias intestinais, estado nutricional e renda ou estado nutricional e escolaridade. Os alimentos inflamatórios mais consumidos foram carne de gado (65%) e café (60%), já os anti-inflamatórios foram alho (75%), azeite de oliva (54%) e batata doce (23%). Não houve associação entre os alimentos inflamatórios e anti-inflamatórios mais consumidos e o índice de massa corporal. Conclusão Segundo os resultados, observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentava excesso de peso. Os alimentos inflamatórios mais consumidos foram carne de gado e café e os anti-inflamatórios foram alho, azeite de oliva e batata doce.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluation of nutritional status and consumption frequency of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods An observational study of the patients assisted by the interdisciplinary inflammatory bowel diseases ambulatory of UNIVALI-SC. The nutritional status of patients was evaluated and each patient was categorized according to his/her body max index and also through a research questionnaire of the individual social-economy situation, life habits, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food consumption in a determinate period of time. Results Out of the 65 patients, 57% had Crohn’s disease and 43% had ulcerative colitis. According to the disease activity, 71% were in remission and 29% in activity. Of the sample, 57% were classified as overweight. It was not possible to correlate nutritional status and type of inflammatory bowel diseases, nutritional status and income or nutritional status and level of education. The most inflammatory foods were beef (65%) and coffee (60%), while the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic (75%), olive oil (54%), and sweet potatoes (23%). There was no association between the most consumed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food and body max index. Conclusion According to the results, most of the patients were overweight. The most commonly consumed inflammatory foods were beef and coffee and the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic, olive oil, and sweet potatoes.

The present work was designed to select for sweet potatoes clones (Ipomoea batatas) resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii (Syn. M. mayaguensis) as well as evaluate the efficiency of the selection methods used by estimating their genetic (VCg) and environmental (VCe) variation coefficients as well as broad sense heritability. A total of 142 sweet potato genotypes were tested, including four commercial varieties (Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca, and Palmas) as well as the Santa Clara tomato cultivar (utilized as a susceptibility standard). The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in two repetitions of six plants each. Resistance levels were classified according to the numbers of eggs per gram of roots, the reproduction factor (RF), and the reproduction index (RI) relative to the Santa Clara tomato cultivar. The b= VCg/VCe ratio and broad sense heritability were high in terms of the numbers of eggs per gram of roots, as well as in terms of the reproduction factor and reproduction index, demonstrating the efficiency of the methodology used in the selection of resistant genotypes. Thirty-one sweet potato genotypes resistant to M. enterolobii were identified as having significant potential for continuing the breeding program.

Este trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de seleccionar clones de batata (Ipomoea batatas) resistentes a Meloidogyne enterolobii (Syn. M. mayaguensis) y evaluar la eficiencia del método de selección empleado, por la estimación de los coeficientes de variación genética (CVg) y el medio ambiente (CVe), y de las estimaciones de las herencias en el sentido amplio. Se utilizaron 142 genotipos de batata, entre ellos cuatro cultivares comerciales: Brazlândia Rosada, Brazlândia Roxa, Brazlândia Branca y Palmas, y el tomate cv. Santa Clara (utilizado como patrón de susceptibilidad). El diseño experimental utilizado fue de bloques aleatorizados completos con dos repeticiones de seis plantas cada uno. La clasificación de los niveles de resistencia fue realizada de acuerdo con el número de huevos por gramo de raíz, factor de reproducción (FR) e índice de reproducción (IR) relativo a lo observado en el tomate Santa Clara. La relación b = CVg / CVe y la heredabilidad en sentido amplio fueron altas tanto para el número de huevos por gramo de raíz como para el factor de reproducción e índice de reproducción, demostrando la eficiencia del método empleado para la selección de genotipos resistentes. Se identificaron, como prometedores para dar continuidad al programa de mejoramiento genético, 31 genotipos de batata resistentes a M. enterolobii.

BACKGROUND Field testing required to license the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine must take into account the current recommendation of the vaccine in Brazil: first dose at 12 months and second dose at 15 months of age in combination with a varicella vaccine. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the clinical consistency, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of three batches of MMR vaccine prepared with active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) from Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz (MMR-Bio), and compare it to a vaccine (MMR produced by GlaxoSmithKline) with different API. METHODS This was a phase III, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority study of the MMR-Bio administered in infants immunised at health care units in Pará, Brazil, from February 2015 to January 2016. Antibody levels were titrated by immunoenzymatic assays. Adverse events were recorded in diaries. FINDINGS Seropositivity levels after MMR-Bio were 97.6% for measles, 84.7% for mumps, and 98.0% for rubella. After the MMRV vaccine, seroconversion rates and GMT increased substantially for mumps. In contrast, approximately 35% of the children had no detectable antibodies to varicella. Systemic adverse events were more frequent than local events. CONCLUSION The demonstration of batch consistency and non-inferiority of the Bio-MMR vaccine completed the technology transfer. This is a significant technological achievement with implications for immunisation programs.

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar o fenômeno da repetência escolar no Brasil e em Portugal, por meio dos dados do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes [Programme for International Student Assessment] - Pisa 2012, e aplicar um modelo de regressão logística multinível tendo a repetência como variável dependente, no sentido de identificar características dos estudantes e das escolas que estejam associadas à probabilidade de repetência para estimar a variabilidade entre escolas. Dentre os principais resultados, a contribuição mais significativa deste estudo é explicitar uma clara associação entre repetência e indisciplina escolar. Pesquisas adicionais baseadas em dados longitudinais são necessárias para investigar aprofundadamente as características dos estudantes e das escolas que estejam associadas à mudança das condições de educação e que influenciam a probabilidade de repetência.

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze grade repetition in Brazil and Portugal, using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment - PISA -, 2012, by applying a multilevel logistic regression model with repetition as the dependent variable in order to identify characteristics of students and schools that are associated with the probability of repetition and thus estimate the variability among schools. The most significant contribution of this work is the explication of a clear association between grade repetition and lack of scholastic discipline. Further studies, based on longitudinal data, are needed to investigate in detail the characteristics of students and schools that are associated with the changes in educational conditions which influence the probability of grade repetition.

Resumen Los principales objetivos de este trabajo son analizar la repitencia en Brasil y Portugal a través de los datos del Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Estudiantes [Programme for International Student Assessment] -Pisa 2012 y aplicar un modelo de regresión logística multinivel en el que la repitencia sea la variable dependiente, en el sentido de identificar características de estudiantes y escuelas asociadas con la probabilidad de repitencia a fin de estimar la variabilidad a través de las escuelas. Entre los principales resultados, la contribución más significativa de este estudio es la de explicitar una clara asociación entre la repitencia y la indisciplina escolar. Es necesario seguir trabajando sobre la base de datos longitudinales para investigar en detalle las características de los estudiantes y las escuelas asociadas con el cambio educativo, que influyen en la probabilidad de repitencia.

Résumé Ce travail vise non seulement à analyser le phénomène du redoublement scolaire au Brésil et au Portugal à travers les données du Programme International pour le Suivi des Acquis des Élèves [Programme for International Student Assessment] - Pisa 2012, mais aussi à appliquer un modèle de régression multiniveau dans lequel le redoublement est utilisé comme variable dépendante, afin d'identifier les caractéristiques des élèves et des écoles qui sont associées à la probabilité de redoublement et d'estimer la variabilité entre écoles. Parmi les résultats principaux, l'apport le plus significatif de cette étude est d'expliciter l'association existant entre redoublement et indiscipline scolaire. Des recherches complémentaires basées sur des données longitudinales paraissent cependant nécessaires pour investiguer de manière plus approfondie les caractéristiques des élèves et des écoles associées au changement de conditions en matière d'éducation et qui influencent la probabilité de redoublement.

Resumo A música utilizada em denominações religiosas neopentecostais está passando por diversas transformações na atualidade, deixando ver fissuras e heterogeneidades no que comumente se pensa ser um conjunto doutrinário relativamente coeso em torno de certos pressupostos tidos como indiscutíveis. Sustentamos aqui que a euforia em torno de um gênero musical surgido recentemente em certas igrejas neopentecostais, conhecido como "corinho de fogo" - aqui estudado em uma das primeiras abordagens na literatura acadêmica, senão a primeira -, representa uma tendência de grande propagação entre os fiéis dessas igrejas, e que envolve inclusive questionamentos à exclusão racial e desigualdade de classe. Como evidência, apresentamos o caso da igreja dirigida pela pastora Ana Lúcia. Localizada na cidade de Belford Roxo (Baixada Fluminense, RJ), em região de extrema pobreza, a igreja atrai principalmente fiéis de famílias de baixa renda, predominantemente de raça negra. Nos cultos da pastora, uma exuberante corporalidade negra se alia a uma música fortemente percussiva que é, juntamente com a dança, bastante evocativa dos rituais religiosos afro-brasileiros. Justamente por isso, a igreja, a pastora e seus fiéis e colaboradores sofrem críticas violentas, sem se deixar intimidar por isso, de fiéis e pastores de outras vertentes protestantes. Os resultados desta pesquisa evidenciam um caso específico de uma nova tendência entre as denominações neopentecostais, que vem acirrando de maneira verificável a heterogeneidade existente entre estas denominações, possibilitando que seus fiéis questionem fundamentos doutrinários em favor de lutas sociais e culturais que consideram urgentes. A agência coletiva de fiéis, músicos e pastores constituiu a igreja da pastora Ana Lúcia em um território social produzido ativa e afirmativamente como resposta e desafio à exclusão e preconceito, no qual a música é parte fundamental. A partir deste espaço musical e religioso, esse coletivo luta simbolicamente pelos direitos de inclusão e cidadania, e pelo respeito por suas crenças e práticas.

Abstract The music used in neo-Pentecostal denominations is undergoing several transformations today, revealing cracks and heterogeneities that contradict what is commonly thought to be a relatively cohesive doctrinal set around certain assumptions regarded as indisputable. We argue here that the euphoria around a musical genre that emerged recently in certain neo-Pentecostal churches, known as "corinho de fogo" - here studied in one of the first approaches in the academic literature, if not the first - represents a trend of large spread between the faithful of these churches, and includes issues of racial exclusion and class inequality. As evidence, we present the case of the church led by Pastor Ana Lucia. Located in the city of Belford Roxo (in the Baixada Fluminense, a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro), in a region of extreme poverty, the church attracts mostly low-income, predominantly black families. In the services of the pastor, an exuberant black corporeality is placed together with a heavily percussive music that is, along with the dance, very evocative of African-Brazilian religious rituals. Because of such practices, the pastor, the church members and collaborators, however unwavering, endure violent criticism from members and pastors of other churches. Thus, our results show a specific case of a new trend among the neo-Pentecostal denominations, which is intensifying the heterogeneity within these denominations, allowing the faithful to question doctrinal foundations in favor of social and cultural struggles they consider urgent. The collective agency of the church members, musicians and pastors constituted the temple of pastor Ana Lucia's into a social territory produced actively and positively in response and challenge to the exclusion and prejudice, of which music is a fundamental part. From this musical and religious space, this collective symbolically fights for the rights of inclusion and citizenship, and for respect for their beliefs and practices.

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ), but concerns over PZQ resistance have renewed interest in evaluating the in vitro susceptibility of recent isolates of Schistosoma mansoni to PZQ in comparison with well-established strains in the laboratory. Material and methods: The in vitro activity of PZQ (6.5-0.003 µg/mL) was evaluated in terms of mortality, reduced motor activity and ultrastructural alterations against S. mansoni. Results: After 3 h of incubation, PZQ, at 6.5 µg/mL, caused 100% mortality of all adult worms in the three types of recent isolates, while PZQ was inactive at concentrations of 0.08-0.003 µg/mL after 3 h of incubation. The results show that the SLM and Sotave isolates basically presented the same pattern of susceptibility, differing only in the concentration of 6.5 µg/mL, where deaths occurred from the range of 1.5 h in Sotave and just in the 3 h range of SLM. Additionally, this article presents ultrastructural evidence of rapid severe PZQ-induced surface membrane damage in S. mansoni after treatment with the drug, such as disintegration, sloughing, and erosion of the surface. Conclusion: According to these results, PZQ is very effective to induce tegument destruction of recent isolates of S. mansoni.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de frequências e intensidades de desfolhação sobre os componentes da biomassa e a estrutura do dossel em capim-aruana (Panicum maximum 'Aruana IZ-5'), pastejado sob lotação rotativa com ovinos. Avaliaram-se duas frequências de desfolhação (FD), com níveis de interceptação de 85 e 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (Irfa) incidente no topo do dossel, e duas intensidades de desfolhação (ID), com índices de área foliar residual (IAFr) de 1,0 e 1,8. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2x2. Os componentes da biomassa e as características estruturais nas condições de pré-pastejo foram afetados principalmente pela FD, com a redução da biomassa de colmos verdes e de forragem morta, e, ainda, pela elevação da altura da primeira lígula viva. Pastos manejados com menor FD proporcionaram menor relação lâmina foliar/colmo, com média de 1,65, e os pastos com maior FD apresentaram média de lâmina foliar/colmo de 2,40. Os componentes da biomassa residual foram afetados pela ID, com maior biomassa de forragem verde residual em pastos manejados com IAFr de 1,8. Os pastos manejados com 95% de Irfa e IAFr de 1,8 apresentaram biomassa de colmo verde residual e biomassa de forragem morta residual superiores aos dos demais manejos. Para pastejo por ovinos, o capim-aruana deve ser manejado com frequência de 85% de Irfa e intensidade de desfolhação correspondente a IAFr de 1,0.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of frequencies and intensities of defoliation on the biomass components and on the canopy structure of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum 'Aruana IZ-5') pasture under intermittent sheep stocking. Two defoliation frequencies (DF), with 85 and 95% interception levels of the photosynthetically active radiation (Ipar) incident on the top of the canopy, and two defoliation intensities (DI), with residual leaf area index (LAIr) of 1.0 and 1.8 were evaluated. A completely randomized design was carried out, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Biomass components and the structural features in the pre-grazing conditions were affected mainly by DF, with the reduction of green biomass of culms and of dead forage, and were also affected by the increase in the height of the first alive ligule. Pastures managed with lower DF provided lower leaf blade/culm ratio, with 1.65 average, while pastures managed with greater DF showed 2.40 mean leaf blade/culm ratio. Components of the residual biomass were affected by the DI, with a greater residual green forage biomass in pastures managed with LAIr of 1.8. Swards grazed at 95% Ipar and 1.8 LAIr showed residual green biomass of culms and residual dead forage biomass superior to those of the other managements. For grazing by sheep, 'Aruana' Guinea grass should be managed with a 85% Ipar frequency and defoliation intensity corresponding to LAIr of 1.0.

Resumo Introdução: A proteinúria pós-transplante renal tem incidência variável, sendo um fator de risco cardiovascular e para a sobrevida do enxerto. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de PTN pós-Tx em receptores de um único centro e fatores associados. Métodos: A prevalência de PTN foi avaliada segundo a definição ≥ 500 mg/24 hs. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos: grupo A, < 500 mg, B, 500-1000 mg e C, > 1000 mg. Foi testada a associação entre PTN pós-Tx e: idade/gênero do doador e receptor, tipo de doador, função retardada do enxerto, rejeição aguda, HAS e creatinina. As variáveis com valor de p < 0,20 na analise bivariada foram incluídas em modelo de regressão logística multivariado. Resultados: Foram avaliados 173 receptores, idade média 39 anos, 57,2% sexo masculino e 60,7% doador falecido. A prevalência de PTN pós-Tx foi de 24,3%. A distribuição dos pacientes foi de 75,7% para o grupo A, 15,6% para o grupo B e 8,7% para o grupo C. Foram associados a uma maior chance de PTN ≥ 500 mg/24hs: o sexo masculino do receptor, o doador falecido e a HAS pós-Tx. A creatinina aos 12 meses foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com PTN. 62% dos pacientes com PTN ≥ 500 mg/24 hs receberam tratamento com IECA/BRA. Conclusão: A prevalência de PTN pós-Tx renal foi 24,3% segundo a definição utilizada. O sexo masculino do receptor, o doador vivo e a HAS estiveram associadas à maior chance de PTN pós-Tx. O bloqueio do sistema renina-angiotensina deve ser intensificado.

Abstract Introduction: Proteinuria after kidney transplantation (Tx) has variable incidence and is associated with cardiovascular risk and graft survival. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of proteinuria after kidney Tx and its associated factors. Methods: The prevalence of PTN was evaluated according to definition ≥ 500 mg/24 hours. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group A, < 500 mg, B, 500-1000 mg and C, > 1000 mg. We tested the association between PTN and: age/gender of the donor and recipient, type of donor, delayed graft function, acute rejection, hypertension and creatinine. The variables with a p value < 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: 173 recipients were evaluated, mean age 39 years, 57.2% male and 60.7% deceased donor. The prevalence of PTN after kidney Tx was 24.3%. The distribution of patients according to PTN was 75.7% for group A, 15.6% for group B and 8.7% for group C. The following factors were associated with higher risk of PTN: male recipients, living donor and hypertension. Creatinine at month 12 moths post-Tx was higher among patients with proteinuria. 60% of patients with PTN ≥ 500 mg/24 hours were treated with ACEI/ARB. Conclusion: The prevalence of PTN after kidney Tx varied between 24.3%, according to the definition used. The male gender of the recipient, living donor and hypertension were associated with the occurrence of PTN after kidney Tx. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system must be prescribed to more patients.