ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the microtensile bond strength in different dentine conditions (etched-E, non-etched-N, dry-D and wet-W) of a multimode adhesive (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) and a total etching adhesive (Ambar-AB, FGM) using a sonic device (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material and methods: In this in vitro study, ninety six sound extracted human molars were divided into 12 groups (n=8) according to different dentine conditions and adhesive systems. Enamel was removed and the middle dentine surfaces were polished. Each adhesive system was applied according to the different dentine conditions, and composite resin blocks were incrementally built up and stored for 24 hours. Specimens were sectioned into sticks and bond strength data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: No effects of sonic application and were observed. In general, AB showed lower results compared to the SU. E and N conditions did not statistically affect the bond strength of SU groups. Dry dentine presented statistically superior bond strength values when compared to wet dentine for SU/E/SD group. Conclusion: Adhesion of dry dentine with multimode adhesive system may be superior to wet dentine with sonic application. The modes of application had no influence in bond strength of studied adhesives.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la resistencia de la unión microtensil en diferentes condiciones de dentina (grabado-E, sin grabado-N, seco-D y húmedo-W) de un adhesivo multimodo (Scotchbond Universal-SU, 3M/ESPE) y un adhesivo de grabado total (Ambar-AB, FGM) utilizando un dispositivo sónico (Smart Sonic Device-SD, FGM). Material y Métodos: En este estudio in vitro, noventa y seis molares humanos extraídos sanos se dividieron en 12 grupos (n=8) de acuerdo con diferentes condiciones de dentina y sistemas adhesivos. Se eliminó el esmalte y se pulieron las superficies centrales de la dentina. Cada sistema adhesivo se aplicó de acuerdo con las diferentes condiciones de dentina, y los bloques de resina compuesta se acumularon de forma incremental y se almacenaron durante 24h. Las muestras se seccionaron en barras y los datos de resistencia de la unión se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultado: No se observaron efectos de la aplicación sónica. En general, AB mostró resultados más bajos en comparación con el SU. Las condiciones E y N no afectaron estadísticamente la fuerza de unión de los grupos SU. La dentina seca presentó valores de fuerza de adhesión estadísticamente superiores en comparación con la dentina húmeda para el grupo SU/E/SD. Conclusión: La adhesión de la dentina seca con un sistema adhesivo multimodo puede ser superior a la dentina húmeda con aplicación sónica. Los modos de aplicación no tuvieron influencia en la resistencia de la unión de los adhesivos estudiados.

Aim This study evaluated the influence of a wide diameter on extra-short dental implant stress distribution as a retainer for single implant-supported crowns in the atrophic mandible posterior region under axial and oblique load. Methods Four 3D digital casts of an atrophic mandible, with a single implant-retained crown with a 3:1 crown-to-implant ratio, were created for finite element analysis. The implant diameter used was either 4 mm (regular) or 6 mm (wide), both with 5 mm length. A 200 N axial or 30º oblique load was applied to the mandibular right first molar occlusal surface. The equivalent von Mises stress was recorded for the abutment and implant, minimum principal stress, and maximum shear stress for cortical and cancellous bone. Results Oblique load increased the stress in all components when compared to axial load. Wide diameter implants showed a decrease of von Mises stress around 40% in both load directions at the implant, and an increase of at least 3.6% at the abutment. Wide diameter implants exhibited better results for cancellous bone in both angulations. However, in the cortical bone, the minimum principal stress was at least 66% greater for wide than regular diameter implants, and the maximum shear stress was more than 100% greater. Conclusion Extra-short dental implants with wide diameter result in better biomechanical behavior for the implant, but the implications of a potential risk of overloading the cortical bone and bone loss over time, mainly under oblique load, should be investigated.

ABSTRACT Laboratory chemical analysis of leaf samples can be costly and time-consuming, making it impractical for assessing crop variability. To address this challenge, researchers have focused on developing non-invasive tools that aid nitrogen (N) management, maximizing profits, minimizing environmental impact, and meeting market demands. This study aimed to develop a computer vision-based classifier system for assessing the N status in bean crops. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, involving five treatments (0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% N of the recommended dose) with six replications, totaling 30 pots containing six seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans in four different phenological phases (V4, R5, R6, and R7). Digital RGB images of the bean canopies were captured using a camera at four-week intervals (30, 37, 44, and 51 days after emergence - DAE). The images were manually labeled to create an image database based on N status. Four different computational N status classifiers were developed by training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), one for each DAE. The classifiers were evaluated using confusion matrix metrics (accuracy, precision, and recall), resulting in an overall accuracy of about 80% when evaluating nitrogen status at five levels. Improved results were achieved by grouping the saturation classes of the 150% and 200% treatments with the 100% class (>=100% class), yielding an accuracy of 97% for 30 and 44 DAE. Promising results aside, this method opens new possibilities for improvement and application to other treatments, electromagnetic spectrum bands, and crops.

RESUMO Introdução: O chá verde está associado a uma série de benefícios à saúde, assim como o treinamento físico. Porém, a associação de ambos apresenta efeitos cronotrópicos e autonômicos cardíacos pouco conhecidos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da associação da administração crônica de chá verde e do treinamento físico sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC) basal e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em ratos Wistar. Métodos: Quarenta e três ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus, var. albinus), pareados pelo peso e por idade, foram distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais, intitulados de controle sedentário (CONsed, n = 10), controle treinado (CONtre, n = 08), chá sedentário (CHÁsed, n = 16) e chá treinado (CHÁtre, n = 09). A ingestão de chá foi "ad libitum". O protocolo de treinamento físico teve duração de oito semanas e foi realizado através de sessões de natação com incrementos de carga. Ao final, foram determinadas a frequência cardíaca basal e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) nos domínios do tempo e da frequência. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Tanto o treinamento físico quanto o consumo de chá verde promoveram bradicardia de repouso maior, quando comparados com os animais do grupo CONsed. Com relação à VFC, os grupos CONtre, CHÁsed e CHÁtre apresentaram valores significativamente maiores que o grupo CONsed. A suplementação do chá verde ocasionou aumento da variância, do componente de alta frequência (HF) e do balanço simpato-vagal com relação ao grupo CONsed. O treinamento físico (TF) não potencializou nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Conclusões: Não houve otimização significativa nos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e autonômicos cardiovasculares em decorrência da associação entre administração de chá verde e treinamento físico em ratos Wistar. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Green tea is associated with a series of health benefits, as is physical training. However, in combination they present little known chronotropic and autonomic cardiac effects. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the association of chronic administration of green tea and physical training on basal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-three Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, var. albinus), paired by weight and age, were distributed among four experimental groups, titled sedentary control (CONsed, n = 10), trained control (CONtre, n = 08), sedentary tea (CHÁsed, n = 16) and trained tea (CHÁtre, n = 09). Ingestion of the tea was ad libitum. The physical training protocol lasted for eight weeks and consisted of sessions of swimming with incremental loads. At the end of the training, basal heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in both time and frequency domains were determined. The level of significance adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Both physical training and consumption of green tea caused higher resting bradycardia than that of the CONsed group animals. Regarding HRV, the CONtre, CHÁsed, and CHÁtre groups presented significantly higher values than the CONsed group. Supplementation with green tea caused an increase in the variance, high frequency (HF) component, and sympathovagal balance as compared to the CONsed group. Physical training (PT) did not enhance any of the parameters evaluated. Conclusions: There was no significant optimization of the hemodynamic or autonomic cardiovascular parameters resulting from the association between the administration of green tea and physical training in Wistar rats. Level of Evidence IV; Case Series.

RESUMEN Introducción: El té verde está asociado a una serie de beneficios para la salud, así como el entrenamiento físico. Sin embargo, la asociación de ambos presenta efectos cronotrópicos y autonómicos cardíacos poco conocidos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la asociación de la administración crónica de té verde y el entrenamiento físico sobre la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) basal y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) en ratas Wistar. Métodos: Cuarenta y tres ratas Wistar (Rattus norvegicus, var. albinus), clasificadas por peso y edad, fueron distribuidas en cuatro grupos experimentales denominados control sedentario (CONsed, n = 10), control entrenado (CONtre, n = 08), té sedentario (CHÁsed, n = 16) y té entrenado (CHÁtre, n = 09). La ingesta de té fue “ad libitum”. El protocolo de entrenamiento físico duró ocho semanas y se realizó mediante sesiones de natación con incrementos de carga. Al final, se determinó la frecuencia cardíaca basal y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) en los dominios del tiempo y la frecuencia. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue del 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Tanto el entrenamiento físico como el consumo de té verde promovieron una mayor bradicardia en reposo en comparación con los animales del grupo CONsed. En cuanto a la VFC, los grupos CONtre, CHÁsed y CHÁtre presentaron valores significativamente más altos que el grupo CONsed. La suplementación con té verde provocó un aumento de la varianza, del componente de alta frecuencia (HF) y del balance simpático-vagal en relación con el grupo CONsed. El entrenamiento físico (TF) no potenció ninguno de los parámetros evaluados. Conclusiones: No hubo una optimización significativa de los parámetros hemodinámicos y autonómicos cardiovasculares derivada de la asociación entre la administración de té verde y el entrenamiento de ejercicio en ratas Wistar. Nivel de Evidencia IV; Serie de casos.

Resumo Introdução: Com o envelhecimento, é comum ocorrerem alterações em diferentes áreas da cognição, como a memória, função executiva, linguagem, desenvolvimento psicomotor e função visoespacial. A atividade física regular, contudo, tem sido descrita como um excelente meio de atenuar as degenerações provocadas pelo envelhecimento dentro dos domínios físico, psicológico e social. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento resistido em idosas com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: Estudo experimental com 31 idosas sedentárias, divididas em grupo controle (GC; n = 15) e grupo treinamento resistido (GTR; n = 16), submetidas a avaliações antropométricas, composição corporal, força máxima, frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e aplicação de questionário (Mini Exame do Estado Mental). Resultados: Observou-se aumento da capacidade cognitiva no GTR (pós 26,00 ± 2,13 vs. GC 22,24 ± 3,82 vs. pré 24,06 ± 2,38 GTR) e redução na PA sistólica (pós 107,50 ± 11,97 vs. GC 126,00 ± 9,72 vs. pré 124,13 ± 12,55 mmHg GTR), PA diastólica (pós 68,50 ± 8,15 vs. GC 81,73 ± 4,59 vs. pré 74,69 ± 6,87 mmHg GTR) e duplo produto no GTR (pós 7746 ± 1244 vs. GC 9336 ± 1595 vs. pré 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm GTR). Não houve redução na FC no GTR (pós 72,00 ± 7,40 vs. GC 74,00 ± 10,50 vs. pré 74,94 ± 8,42 bpm GTR). Em relação à força muscular, observou-se aumento em todos os exercícios. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que o treinamento resistido aumentou a força muscular e que houve redução de variáveis hemodinâmicas; entretanto, o achado mais importante desse estudo foi o aumento na capacidade cognitiva das idosas.

Abstract Introduction: With aging, it is common for some changes to occur in different areas of cognition, such as memory, executive function, language and psychomotor speed. However, regular physical activity has been described as an excellent way to alleviate the degeneration caused by aging within the various physical, psychological and social domains. Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training in elderly women with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Experimental study with 31 sedentary elderly women divided into control (CG; n=15) and resistance training (RTG; n=16) groups who underwent assessment of anthropometric measures, body composition, maximum strength, heart rate and blood pressure and questionnaire application (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Cognitive ability increased in RTG (post 26.00 ± 2.13 vs. CG 22.24 ± 3.82 vs. pre 24.06 ± 2.38 RTG). In RTG, there was a reduction in systolic blood pressure (post 107.50 ± 11.97 vs. CG 126.00 ± 9.72 vs. pre 124.13 ± 12.55 mmHg RTG), diastolic blood pressure (post 68.50 ± 8.15 vs. CG 81.73 ± 4.59 vs. pre 74.69 ± 6.87 mmHg RTG) and double product (post 7746 ± 1244 vs. CG 9336 ± 1595 vs. pre 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm RTG), but not in heart rate (post 72.00 ± 7.40 vs. CG 74.00 ± 10.50 vs. pre 74.94 ± 8.42 bpm RTG). Regarding muscle strength, an increase was evident in all exercises. Conclusion: The present study showed that resistance training in elderly women increased muscle strength and reduced hemodynamic variables. But the most important finding was that there was an increase in cognitive capacity.

The coronavirus pandemic has been causing damage to many nations, as public and private health systems deteriorate by the increasing demand. Some infected patients have culturable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) even though not presenting any symptoms, and therefore, are probably able to transmit it. Correctly diagnosing and isolating infected patients is an important step towards preventing new infections. Current diagnostic methods rely mainly on reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Methods such as reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) have risen as viable alternatives, as they are cheaper and require less infrastructure, they have the potential to be applied in low-resource scenarios and even at point-of-care. Here we report a colorimetric RT LAMP assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in ribonucleic acid (RNA) from saliva. In some cases, the test was able to detect viral RNA before symptom onset and even in a self-reported asymptomatic carrier. It had a limit of detection of 300 copies per reaction and showed a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 100%, a general accuracy of 99.59%, and a Cohen’s kappa of 0.887. The possibility of detecting positive cases even before the clinical manifestation shows great potential and can contribute to controlling the pandemic.

Resumo A Mata Atlântica brasileira guarda importante porção da riqueza de anfíbios e altas taxas de endemismos. Neste estudo, nós realizamos pesquisas usando o Método de Avaliação Rápida (RA) com o objetivo de inventariar a fauna de anfíbios de um remanescente da Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil, o Monumento Natural Serra das Torres (MONAST). Amostramos ativamente com uma equipe de 6 a 10 pessoas para coletar amostras padronizadas entre 09:00 e 12:00 horas durante o peíodo diurno e entre 18:00 e 22:00 duranto período crepuscular/noturno, totalizando aproximadamente 1320 horas de esforço amostral. Complementamos estes dados com 720 horas de amostragem passiva usando armadilhas de queda com cercas-guia (30 dias de balde). Registramos 54 espécies de anfíbios (dois gimnofionos e 52 anuros) e a riqueza de espécies estimada pelo Bootstrap indicou um número relativamente maior de espécies (n = 60). A família mais especiosa foi Hylidae (n = 21), seguida por Brachycephalidae (n = 8). No geral, 25% das espécies (n = 13) foram registradas apenas uma vez - singletons e 15% (n = 8) apenas duas vezes (doubletons). A maioria dos anfíbios registrados neste estudo (71%, n = 37 espécies) esteve restrita ao bioma Mata Atlântica, duas espécies (Euparkerella robusta e Luetkenotyphlus fredi) são endêmicas do estado do Espírito Santo, sendo uma delas, a espécie de serapilheira E. robusta, endêmica do MONAST. Euparkerella robusta está atualmente listada como Vulnerável pela IUCN e classificada como Criticamente Ameaçada na lista vermelha do estado do Espírito Santo, enquanto L. fredi ainda não foi avaliada devido a sua descrição ser muito recente. Thoropa lutzi está atualmente listada como Ameaçada (EN) pela IUCN e na lista estadual. Nove espécies estão listadas como Deficiente de Dados (DD) e as populações de 13 espécies são consideradas em declínio pela IUCN. Estendemos a distribuição geográfica de duas espécies de anuros (Hylodes babax e Phasmahyla lisbella) e preenchemos uma importante lacuna na distribuição de Siphonops hardyi. Os anfíbios associados ao chão da floresta representaram 42% das espécies do MONAST e 43% destas espécies habitavam exclusivamente a serapilheira. Nosso estudo revelou que a Serra das Torres preserva diversidade considerável de anfíbios da Mata Atlântica, o que reforça a necessidade de conservação desse remanescente florestal.

Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Forest holds a major part of the country’s amphibian species richness and high rates of endemism. In this study, we conducted surveys using the Rapid Assessment (RA) method to sample the amphibian fauna of the Serra das Torres Natural Monument (MONAST), an Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil. We sampled actively with a 6-10-person team to collect standard samples from 09:00 to 12:00 hours for the daytime period, and from 18:00 to 22:00 hours for the crepuscular/nighttime period, with a total of approximately 1,320 hours of sampling effort. We supplemented these data with 720 hours of passive sampling, using pitfall traps with drift fences (30 bucket-days). We recorded 54 amphibian species (two gymnophionans and 52 anurans), and the species richness estimated by the Bootstrap method indicates that a slightly larger number of species (n = 60) may occur in the study area. The most speciose family was Hylidae (n = 21), followed by Brachycephalidae (n = 8). Overall, 25% of the species (n = 13) were recorded only once (singletons) and 15% (n = 8) only twice (doubletons). Most amphibians recorded in this study (71%, n = 37 species) were restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome, two species (Euparkerella robusta and Luetkenotyphlus fredi) are endemic to the Espírito Santo state, and one of them, the leaf litter species E. robusta, is endemic to the MONAST. Euparkerella robusta is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN and is classified as Critically Endangered in the Espírito Santo State red list, while L. fredi has yet to be evaluated due to its recent description. Thoropa lutzi is currently listed as Endangered (EN) by both the IUCN and in the State list. Nine species are listed as Data Deficient (DD) and populations of 13 species are considered to be declining by the IUCN. We extend the geographical distribution of two anuran species (Hylodes babax and Phasmahyla lisbella) and fill an important gap in the distribution of Siphonops hardyi. Amphibians associated with the forest floor represented 42% of the species richness from MONAST, and 43% of these species inhabit the leaf litter exclusively. Our study revealed that Serra das Torres preserves a considerable diversity of Atlantic Forest amphibians, which reinforces the need for the conservation of this forest remnant.

RESUMEN El fraccionamiento de la fertilización nitrogenada en la superficie, con la aplicación de una parte de nitrógeno en el panojamiento, puede aumentar el rendimiento de los granos de maíz, principalmente cuando el cultivo se siembra en la fecha más favorable para obtener una alta productividad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos de la fecha de siembra sobre la respuesta del maíz al fraccionamiento de la fertilización nitrogenada en la superficie y a los estados fenológicos. Se evaluaron dos fechas de siembra: preferencial (15/10/2015 y 20/09/2016) y tardía (5/12/2015 y 5/12/2016). En cada fecha de siembra fueron analizados seis tratamientos de aplicación de nitrógeno en la superficie: testigo sin N; aplicación de dosis completa de N en V5, V10 y VT; ½ aplicación de N en V5, + ½ aplicación de N en V10; y ⅓ de la aplicación de N en V5 + ⅓ de la aplicación de N en V10 + ⅓ de la aplicación de N en VT. La dosis de nitrógeno utilizada fue de 300 kg ha-1. El rendimiento de granos varió entre 8.9 a 15.3 t ha-1 en Lages y 7.4 a 16.4 t ha-1 en Atalanta. No hubo diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de granos ni en la eficiencia agronómica del uso de nitrógeno (EUN) entre los tratamientos con aplicación de la dosis completa de N en los estadios V5 y V10 y aquellos en los que el nutriente se dividió dos o tres veces, independiente de la fecha de siembra. La EUN fue mayor en la siembra realizada al en la fecha preferencial que en la fecha tardía, independientemente del manejo de la aplicación nitrogenada en la superficie. El fraccionamiento de la fertilización nitrogenada en la superficie hasta VT no incrementó el rendimiento de granos ni la EUN del maíz.

ABSTRACT The splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization with the application of a nitrogen dose at maize tasseling may increase grain yield, mainly when the crop is sown at the most favorable date to achieve high productivity. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the response of maize to the splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization at different growth stages. Two sowing dates were tested: preferential (10/15/2015 and 09/20/2016) and late (12/5/2015 and 12/5/2016). Six nitrogen side-dressing management treatments were evaluated at each sowing date: control without N; complete nitrogen rate applied at phenological stages V5, V10 and VT; ½ N rate at V5 + ½ N rate at V10; and ⅓ N rate at V5 + ⅓ N rate at V10 + ⅓ N rate at VT. The N rate was equivalent to 300 kg ha-1. Grain yield ranged from 8.9 to 15.3 t ha-1 in Lages and from 7.4 to 16.4 t ha-1 in Atalanta. There were no significant differences in grain yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use (AE) among the treatments with the entire N side-dressing fertilization at V5 and V10 and those when the nutrient was split into two or three times, regardless of sowing date. AE was higher when the crop was sown at the preferential sowing date than in the late sowing date, regardless of N side-dressing application. The splitting of nitrogen fertilization up to the crop tasseling did not increase maize grain yield or AE.

SUMMARY: The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is an accessory organ involved on the olfactory pathway, that detects pheromones and emits signals in order to modulate social and reproductive behavior. The VNO stem cells replace neurons throughout life. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize cells derived from the vomeronasal organ from New Zealand rabbits. Five male rabbits with 120 days were used for cell isolation and culture. Results: VNO-derived cells presented labelling for proliferation (PCNA), undifferentiated profile (Nanog), neuronal (GFAP), mesenchymal stem cells (CD73, CD90 and CD105 and Stro-1). Also, presence of cytoskeletal (Vimentin, b-tubulin and CK-18) and absence of hematopoietic markers (CD34, CD117 and CD45) both by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. By PCR it was possible to verify the expression of some undifferentiated profile (Oct-4), neuronal (Nestin) and mesenchymal (CD73, CD105 and Vimentin) genes. Functionally, VNO-derived cells differentiate in vitro into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, and presented no tumorigenic potential when injected to Balb/c nu/nu mice. In conclusion, the rabbit VNO-derived cells have a profile that could be supportive to VNO olfactory/neuroreceptor epithelium by delivering factors to epithelial turnover or even by differentiation into epithelial cells to replacement of commissural epithelium.

RESUMEN: El órgano vomeronasal (OVN) es un órgano accesorio de la vía olfatoria, que detecta feromonas y emite señales que afectan la modulación del comportamiento social y reproductivo. Las células madre OVN reemplazan las neuronas durante toda la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar y caracterizar células derivadas del órgano vomeronasal de conejos raza Nueva Zelanda. Para el aislamiento y el cultivo celular se utilizaron cinco conejos machos con una edad de 120 días. Las células del OVN presentaron etiquetado para la proliferación (PCNA), un perfil indiferenciado (Nanog), neuronal (GFAP), células madre mesenquimales (CD73, CD90 y CD105 y Stro-1). Además, se ob- servó presencia de citoesqueleto (Vimentina, β-tubulina y CK-18) y ausencia de marcadores hematopoyéticos (CD34, CD117 y CD45) tanto por inmunofluorescencia como por citometría de flujo. Me- diante PCR fue posible verificar la expresión de algunos genes de perfil indiferenciado (Oct-4), neuronal (Nestin) y mesenquimatoso (CD73, CD105 y Vimentin). Las células derivadas del OVN se diferencian in vitro en adipocitos, osteocitos y condrocitos, y no presentan un potencial tumorigénico al ser infiltrados en ratones Balb / c nu / nu. En conclusión, las células derivadas de OVN de conejo tienen un perfil que podría ser compatible con el epitelio olfatorio / neurorreceptor de OVN transmitiendo factores al recambio epitelial o incluso mediante la diferenciación en células epiteliales para reemplazar el epitelio comisural.

RESUMO O estudo minucioso de dados hiperespectrais pode ser um forte aliado para o diagnóstico nutricional de plantas e otimizam o manejo de insumos agrícola. Este estudo caracterizou as variações dos fatores de reflectância em folhas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) da cultivar BRS 293, submetidas a diferentes níveis de adubação de N e K. Foram cultivadas 166 plantas submetidos a quatro doses de N e K, com vinte repetições e seis controles. Cada tratamento se referiu a um nível de adubação: 50, 75, 100 e 125% da quantidade recomendada para ambos macronutrientes em cada etapa do ciclo fenológico. O espectrorradiômetro utilizado em laboratório foi o FieldSpec Pro FR 3® com resolução espectral de 1 nm e cuja faixa de operação se estende de 350 a 2500 nm. Em ambos os tratamentos, a ACP permitiu identificar os comprimentos de onda agrupados em parâmetros como o brilho, a clorofila e a umidade das folhas. A adubação de N e K provocou alterações significativas nos fatores, onde a maior diferenciação entre as doses se deu aos 790 e 1198 nm. Os comprimentos entre 550 e 700 nm e em 1390 e 1880 nm se mostraram, respectivamente, as mais promissoras para explicar a variância dos níveis nutricionais de N e K sobre a cultura do algodoeiro.

ABSTRACT The detailed study of hyperspectral data that optimise the management of agricultural inputs can be a powerful ally in the nutrient diagnosis of plants. This study characterised variations in the reflectance factors of cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the BRS 293 cultivar, submitted to different levels of N and K fertilisation. A total of 166 plants were submitted to four doses of N and K, with twenty replications and six controls. Each treatment represents one level of fertilisation: 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the recommended amount of both macronutrients at each stage of the phenological cycle. The spectroradiometer used in the laboratory was the FieldSpec Pro FR 3® with a spectral resolution of 1 nm and an operating range that extends from 350 to 2500 nm. In both treatments, PCA allowed wavelengths to be idenbtified grouped by such parameters as brightness, chlorophyll and leaf moisture. The N and K fertilisation caused significant changes in the factors, where the greatest difference between doses was seen at 790 and 1198 nm. The wavelengths between 550 and 700 nm and at 1390 and 1880 nm were, respectively, the most promising for explaining the variance in nutrient levels of N and K in cotton.

ABSTRACT: In this work, we compared nitrate-supplied plants (non-nodulated) with non-nitrate-supplied plants (nodulated) under oxygen privation of root system (hypoxia) and re-oxygenation (post-hypoxia; recovery) in order to verify whether N sources affect the antioxidant system during oxidative stress caused by hypoxia and post-hypoxia conditions. Antioxidant enzymatic activities, ascorbate redox state, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed in roots and leaves of two soybean genotypes, Fundacep 53 RR and BRS Macota at reproductive stage R2, during hypoxia and post-hypoxia in an experiment carried out in a hydroponic system. The antioxidant system was strongly induced in roots of nitrate-supplied plants of both genotypes, with high activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and guayacol peroxidase. It also increased reduced ascorbate and ascorbate redox state and decreased ROS production under hypoxia and recovery, while in leaves of nodulated and non-nodulated plants, a slight increase on antioxidant system was observed. Nitrate may benefit soybean plants under hypoxic conditions and subsequent re-oxygenation by inducing the antioxidant system mainly in roots to cope with ROS production and reduce oxidative damage.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to understand the relationship between decomposition of leaf litter and climatic elements and determine the mineralization of nutrients in the decomposition process in a fragment of Semideciduous Submontane Forest, located in southern state of of Espírito Santo. Overall, 84 litterbags were deposited in 12 permanent plots, collecting one litterbag per plot for 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 270 and 360 days after the beginning of the experiment. The leaf material remaining in the litterbag was oven-dried and weighed, with later analysis of nutritional compounds. The leaf litter decomposition rate was 1.42, 75.95% of decomposing litter at the end of the evaluation period. Mineralization occurred in the following order: K, Corg., Mg, S, P, N and Ca. There was a positive correlation of average and minimum air temperature, as well as accumulated precipitation and leaf litter decomposition .

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar taxas de deposição e decomposição de serapilheira em pastagens de Marandu (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) sob a) três formas de suprimento de nitrogênio (N), b) em diferentes estágios de pastejo rotativo e c) comparar a constante de decomposição (‘k’) derivada de “litterbags” com os valores derivados das estimativas de serapilheira existente e depositada (técnica SED). Os três tratamentos de suprimento de N foram: sem ou com adubação nitrogenada (zero ou 150 kg N ha-1 ano-1) ou com a leguminosa Desmodium ovalifolium. Não houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) entre a serapilheira existente e as taxas de deposição e decomposição da serapilheira entre os três tratamentos de N. A taxa de decomposição da serapilheira foi estimada usando a técnica SED para os 7 dias de pastejo e dois períodos subsequentes de 14 dias em cada ciclo de 35 dias. A taxa de decomposição da serapilheira foi (p<0,05) maior no segundo período de descanso (dias 21 a 35) em 0,089 g g-1 dia-1, do que no período de pastejo (0,038 g g-1 dia-1) e no primeiro período de repouso (0,040 g g-1 dia-1). A meia-vida média da serapilheira foi de 12 dias pela técnica SED, enquanto a estimativa dos “litterbags” foi de 136 dias. Os resultados mostram que as estimativas fornecidas pelos “litterbags” subestimam severamente a decomposição em relação à técnica SED, e preveem um acúmulo de serapilheira a longo prazo que não é observado.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to determine the rates of plant litter deposition and decomposition in Marandu pastures (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) under a) three forms of nitrogen (N) supply, b) at different stages of rotational grazing and c) to compare the single-exponential decay constant (‘k’) derived from litterbags with values derived from estimates of deposited and existing litter (DEL technique). The three N supply treatments were: without or with N fertilization (zero or 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1) or with the legume Desmodium ovalifolium. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between existing litter and rates of litter deposition and decomposition between the three N supply treatments. The litter decomposition rate was estimated using the DEL technique for the 7-day grazing periods and two subsequent 14-day periods in each 35-day grazing cycle. The litter decomposition rate was (P<0.05) higher for the second rest period (days 21 to 35) at 0.089 g g-1 day-1, than for the grazing period (0.038 g g-1 day-1) and for the first rest period (0.040 g g-1 day-1). The mean half-life of the litter was 12 days using the DEL technique while the estimate from the litterbags was 136 days. Results showed that estimates provided by litterbags severely underestimate the decomposition in relation to the DEL technique and predict a long-term accumulation of litter which is not observed.

Resumen La erosión es la principal forma de degradación en el mundo, en consecuencia de la pérdida de suelo, agua y nutrientes, provocando daños directos e indirectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar las pérdidas de N, P y K por erosión hídrica en condiciones de lluvia simulada mediante la aplicación de seis pruebas de erosión en cultivo continuo de especies de ciclo estacional, incluyendo cultivos aislados y cultivos intercalados. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el campo en la Estación Experimental de Agronomía en Eldorado do Sul (RS), Brasil, en un Argisol Rojo Distrófico típico. Para el análisis de la pérdida de nutrientes, se aplicaron seis ensayos de erosión con lluvia simulada a los tratamientos entre finales de octubre y mediados de diciembre, utilizando el simulador de lluvia con brazos giratorios de Swanson. Las pérdidas de N y P se vieron influenciadas por las condiciones de la superficie, con la eliminación parcial de los residuos del cultivo y la no movilización del suelo. La excepción fue K, debido a su alta solubilidad en el suelo con baja actividad coloidal, que se perdió fácilmente en la escorrentía superficial del agua del suelo, independientemente de la cobertura total de la superficie del suelo por los residuos de los cultivos.

Abstract Erosion is the main form of degradation in the world, consequently of loss of soil, water and nutrients, provoking direct and indirect damages. The objective of this work is to quantify N, P and K losses by water erosion under simulated rainfall conditions by the application of six erosion tests in continuous cultivation of seasonal cycle species, including isolated and intercropped crops. The study was carried out in the field at the Experimental Station of Agronomy in Eldorado do Sul (RS), Brazil, in a typical Dystrophic Red Argisol. For the analysis of nutrient loss, six erosion tests with simulated rainfall were applied to the treatments between the end of October and mid-December, using the rain simulator with swivel arms of Swanson. The losses of N and P were influenced by surface conditions, with the partial removal of crop residues and the non-mobilization of the soil. The exception was K, due to its high solubility in the soil with a low colloidal activity, which was easily lost in the soil water surface runoff, regardless of total soil surface coverage by crop residues.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o primeiro caso na América do Sul de angiostrongilíase intravítrea tratada com vitrectomia posterior via pars plana e remoção do verme. Este foi um relato de caso observacional. O prontuário médico, sistema de imagem digital de campo amplo, ultrassonografia ocular, e potenciais evocados visuais foram revistos. Um menino de 1 ano e 8 meses de idade manifestou meningite eosinofílica e exotropia olho direito. A análise de PCR do liquor foi positiva para Angiostrongylus cantonensis. O exame de fundo de olho revelou disco óptico pálido, faixas sub-retinianas, opacidades vítreas, descolamento de retina tracional periférico e um verme morto no vítreo. O paciente foi submetido a vitrectomia posterior via pars plana com a remoção do verme. Concluindo, este é o primeiro relato de caso de angiostrongilíase intravítrea na América do Sul, possivelmente relacionado com a disseminação de uma espécie de lesma exótica neste continente.

ABSTRACT This study reports the first case of intravitreal angiostrongyliasis in South America treated with posterior worm removal via pars plana vitrectomy. This was a retrospective, observational case study. Data from medical charts, wide-field digital imaging, ocular ultrasound, and visual evoked potential studies were reviewed. A 20-month-old boy presented with eosinophilic meningitis and right eye exotropia. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid showed a positive result for Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc, subretinal tracks, vitreous opacities, peripheral tractional retinal detachment, and a dead worm in the vitreous cavity. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with worm removal. This case report illustrates the first case of intravitreal angiostrongyliasis in South America, possibly related to the uncontrolled spread of an exotic invasive species of snail.