This study aims to conduct a critical analysis of the report The State of Food and Agriculture: Women in Agriculture, Closing the Gender Gap in Development, pointing to solutions to "close the gender gap" in rural development projects. The two main critiques center on the lack of analysis on the value of domestic work and the productivist nature of the proposals. The analysis draws on calculations performed by feminist economists concerning the importance of domestic work for the National Accounts, in addition to books, articles, and documents on the situation of women farmers in the world, besides material on rural women"s movements in Brazil, obtained through direct participation in meetings and public demonstrations, besides newspapers, manuals, correspondence, and ethnographic fieldwork.

Dans cet article, on fait l'analyse du document El Estado Mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación: Las mujeres en la agricultura. Cerrar la brecha de género en areas del desarrollo, dans lequel se trouvent des solutions pour "combler le fossé de genre" dans les projets de développement rural. Les deux principales critiques concernent l'absence d'analyse de la valeur du travail domestique et le caractère productiviste des propositions. On a donc utilisé des calculs élaborés par des économistes féministes à propos de l'importance des activités domestiques dans la Comptabilité Nationale, plusieurs ouvrages, textes et documents produits sur la situation des femmes agricultrices dans le monde, ainsi que des articles sur les mouvements ruraux des femmes au Brésil, sur la base de leur participation à des réunions et manifestations publiques, la pratique de recevoir des journaux et prospectus, l'activité d'échange de correspondance et de travail ethnographique.

O objetivo do artigo é explicitar o conceito de natureza que dá substrato às ideias e às ações do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas - MMC, procurando refletir sobre as possibilidades de diálogo entre militantes e intelectuais, levando-se em conta que, enquanto o feminismo acadêmico tem forte influência das correntes desconstrucionistas, as mulheres agricultoras conservam o pressuposto da identificação entre natureza e feminino, tendo por base uma visão profundamente religiosa. Nas possibilidades de diálogo, é levantada a importância de correntes ligadas à sociologia da compreensão.

The purpose of this article is to explain the concept of Nature that grounds the ideas and actions of the Peasant Women's Movement, and to propose means for dialogue between militants and intellectuals. The paper duly takes into account that, while academic feminism is strongly influenced by deconstructionist lines of thought, farming women sustain the idea, based on a deeply religious vision, of a natural identification between women and Nature. In pointing out possibilities of dialogue, the paper underlines the importance of schools of thought connected with the sociology of comprehension.

In this article, I reflect upon demands of class and gender in three Brazilian social movements: syndicalism, Rural Women's Movement (MMC) and the Rural Landless Workers Movement (MST). The relevance of this study is that it helps to elucidate differences between demands of class and gender using a qualitative methodology, based on interviews with women and leaders from the movements. Conclusions show the ideological, political and gender complexities present in each of these tendencies. Class demands consider labor rights in equality with men, without questioning the traditional family approach; while gender demands consider labor rights more in relation to education and health, questioning the traditional family approach. The conducting thread of the analysis is exclusion of women in land ownership.

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las reivindicaciones de clase y género en tres movimientos sociales brasileños: el sindicalismo, el Movimiento de Mujeres Campesinas (MMC) y el Movimiento de los Sin Tierra (MST). La relevancia de este estudio es que ayuda a dilucidar las diferencias entre las reivindicaciones de clase y de género a partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas a las mujeres y líderes de los movimientos. Las conclusiones muestran la complejidad ideológica, política y de género que está presente en cada una de estas tendencias. Las reivindicaciones de clase consideran los derechos laborales en igualdad con los hombres, sin cuestionar el enfoque tradicional de familia; mientras que las reivindicaciones de género consideran los derechos laborales, más los relativos a educación y salud, cuestionando el enfoque tradicional de familia. El hilo conductor del análisis es la exclusión de las mujeres a la tenencia de la tierra.