ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the continuity of care for children with special healthcare needs during the COVID-19 pandemic through the perception of their caregivers in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: Qualitative descriptive-exploratory research carried out between June and September 2020, in a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. Eleven caregivers participated through semi-structured interviews conducted at home. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: The social isolation period and the suspension of health services affected the continuity of care, configuring the category “Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the continuity of care”. Caregivers expressed fear of children contracting the coronavirus, characterizing the category “Fears and uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic in view of the vulnerability of children with special healthcare needs”. Final considerations: Caregivers’ reports revealed problems in the continuity of care for the studied cohort. Therefore, health care practices must be rethought in times of pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la continuidad del cuidado a niños con necesidades especiales de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en la percepción de sus cuidadoras en municipio del Nordeste brasileño. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva-exploratoria realizada entre junio y septiembre de 2020, en municipio del Nordeste brasileño. Participaron 11 cuidadoras por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en domicilio. Datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Período de aislamiento social y suspensión de servicios de salud afectaron la continuidad del cuidado, configurando la categoría “Implicaciones de la pandemia de COVID-19 para la continuidad del cuidado”. Cuidadoras expresaron miedo al niño contraer el coronavirus, caracterizando la categoría “Miedos e incertidumbres de la pandemia de COVID-19 delante de la vulnerabilidad de los niños con necesidades especiales de salud”. Consideraciones finales: Discursos revelaron problemas en la continuidad del cuidado del público estudiado. Así, las prácticas de atención de salud deben ser repensadas en tiempos de pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a continuidade do cuidado às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19, na percepção de suas cuidadoras no interior do Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa descritivo-exploratória realizada entre junho e setembro de 2020, em município do Nordeste brasileiro. Participaram 11 cuidadoras por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas no domicílio. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Período de isolamento social e suspensão dos serviços de saúde afetaram a continuidade do cuidado, configurando a categoria “Implicações da pandemia da COVID-19 para a continuidade do cuidado”. As cuidadoras expressaram medo de a criança contrair o coronavírus, caracterizando a categoria “Medos e incertezas da pandemia da COVID-19 diante da vulnerabilidade das crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde”. Considerações finais: Os discursos revelaram problemas na continuidade do cuidado do público estudado. Portanto, as práticas de atenção à saúde devem ser repensadas em tempos de pandemia.

ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the requirement of digestible methionine for growing pullets at growth phase (7 to 12 weeks of age). A completely randomized design was distributed in five treatments, six replicates, and 15 pullets per experimental unit. 450 Dekalb White pullets from the 7th weeks of age, with an average initial weight of 313.14 ± 12.49 g were used. Dietary treatments consisted in five diets supplemented with DL-Methionine which resulted in five levels of digestible methionine (0.266, 0.294, 0.322, 0.350, and 0.378 %). Performance, serological blood, histopathology and histomorphometry data were evaluated. Quadratic responses were observed for final live weight (p < 0.0143), weight gain (p < 0.0073), feed conversion ratio (p < 0.0058), glycogen deposition in the liver (p < 0.0001), gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme activity (p < 0.0008), and villus height (p < 0.0024) with digestible dMet levels. In conclusion, the use of 0.343 % dMet, corresponding to a dMet:dLys ratio 55, is recommended for white-egg pullets from 7 to 12 weeks of age.

Objective to identify two features of primary health care, namely First-contact access and Longitudinality in hospitalized children. Methods cross-sectional study carried out in two hospitals with 120 children under five years of age hospitalized due to sensitive conditions of primary health care. Data collection performed using the Primary Care Assessment Tool. Results the degree of affiliation obtained a better score (approximately 8.0), being the only one among all components of the instrument satisfactorily evaluated (≥6.6). Longitudinality (>4.0) had a lower score than First-contact access (5.6). According to the parents, the nurse was the professional who had most performed the follow-up in childcare. Conclusion the results point to weaknesses in services and carergivers’ dissatisfaction, evidenced by the poor following to the Primary Health Care principles.

Objetivo identificar os atributos da atenção primária à saúde Acesso de primeiro contato e Longitudinalidade em crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos estudo transversal, realizado em dois hospitais, com 120 crianças menores de cinco anos de idade internadas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária em saúde. Coleta de dados realizada utilizando o Primary Care Assessment Tool. Resultados o grau de afiliação obteve melhor escore (aproximadamente 8,0), sendo o único entre todos os componentes do instrumento avaliado de forma satisfatória (≥6,6). A Longitudinalidade (>4,0) apresentou menor escore em comparação ao Acesso de primeiro contato (5,6). Segundo os pais, o enfermeiro foi o profissional que mais realizou o acompanhamento na Puericultura. Conclusão os resultados apontam fragilidades nos serviços e insatisfação dos cuidadores, evidenciados pela baixa orientação aos princípios da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de Medicina sobre o funcionamento do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (Samu) , dada a importância deste serviço para a população e seu papel fundamental no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) . Para tanto, acadêmicos do primeiro ao 12ºsemestre foram entrevistados mediante um questionário padronizado. Concluiu-se que mesmo acadêmicos de Medicina, indivíduos que se encontram imersos na área da saúde, possuem conhecimento aquém do esperado sobre o Samu, independentemente do período cursado, fazendo-nos questionar o conhecimento da população em geral sobre o tema e a importância da realização de novos estudos e comparação de dados em âmbito nacional.

This study aimed to assessthe knowledge of medical students about the functioning of the pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS), given the importance of this service to the population and its role in the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, first to sixth year students were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The conclusion was drawn that even medical students, individuals who are immersed in health, have an unsatisfying level of knowledge about the SAMU, regardless of the stage of their studies, leading us to query the knowledge of the general public about this service and the importance of conducting further studies and making comparisons of nationwide data.

The objective of this study was to determine the chlorine nutritional requirement of Japanese Quails during the laying phase, based on performance and egg quality parameters. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed according to a randomized block design, with five treatments and six replicates, with 8 birds each. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided in four cycles of 21 days each. Treatments consisted of a basal diet formulated to meet the nutritional requirements, except for chlorine, and four supplementation levels with ammonium chloride, generating the levels 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 g/kg. The parameters evaluated were: feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (egg/bird/day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g), egg mass conversion (g/g), conversion per dozen eggs (kg/dz), weight of yolk (g/100 g of egg), albumen (g/100g of egg) and shell (g/100 g of egg), specific gravity (g/cm³) and shell thickness (mm). As a result of this study, feed intake, egg weight, weights of albumen, yolk, shell and specific gravity were not affected by treatments. There was a quadratic behavior for egg production, egg mass, egg mass conversion, conversion per dozen eggs and shell thickness according to the chlorine levels in the diets, with the requirements for those parameters established at 1.54; 1.37; 1.39 and 2.78 g/kg, respectively. The recommendation is 1.39 g/kg of chlorine and 244.22 mEq/kg of electrolyte balance in diets for Japanese quails.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the requirement of digestible tryptophan for white laying hens in the production stage fed diets of different digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratios, as well as animal performance and histological alterations in their reproductive and digestive systems. A total of 280 white laying hens at 29 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications with eight birds in each. The treatments consisted of a base feed, formulated with corn, soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and supplemented with the synthetic amino acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, L-arginine, and L-valine, so as to meet the nutritional requirements for laying hens, except for digestible tryptophan. The basal diet was supplemented with 0.00; 0.017; 0.035; 0.052; and 0.069 g/kg of L-tryptophan in substitution for corn starch with the objective of reaching the levels of 0.151; 0.167; 0.183; 0.199; and 0.215 g/kg of digestible tryptophan in the feed. For the ratio between digestible amino acids and lysine, the recommendation of Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine was followed, except for the digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratios, which were 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 for each treatment. The variation in the digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio promoted changes in performance and in the histological characteristics, improving the results. The digestible tryptophan:digestible lysine ratio of 24.5% in the feed of white laying hens in production stage promotes better animal performance and histological results.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of protein, the formulation of diets and supplementation of an enzyme complex for laying hens. The layers were distributed in a completely randomized 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two levels of crude protein reduction (0.0 and 4.0 g/kg), two kinds of diet formulation (without and with reformulation, considering 75 kcal of metabolizable energy) and two enzyme supplementations (without and with enzyme complex supplementation), totalizing 8 treatments of 8 layers each, with 7 replications, in a total of 448 laying hens at 30 weeks of age. After data analysis, it was found that the enzyme complex supplementation in the diet of layers improves performance, promotes a similar egg quality and improves the bone and intestinal health of the layers.

Progressos significativos na área da produção animal devem-se ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas nos campos da genética, ambiência, sanidade, manejo e nutrição. A busca por melhores condições de manejo que beneficiassem o bem estar animal provocou modificações nas instalações. O melhoramento genético visando animais mais produtivos tem incentivado o numero de pesquisas para redução da incidência de doenças, principalmente as de origem metabólica. A incorporação na ração de produtos com maior biodisponibilidade como aminoácido industriais e minerais orgânicos, a inclusão de produtos moduladores da microflora entérica como probióticos, prebióticos, simbióticos e nucleotídeos como também, o uso de enzimas exógenas, tem beneficiado a utilização de nutrientes antes pouco absorvidos e muitas vezes indisponíveis na dieta. Biotecnologias mais recentes como a nutrição in ovo e a biologia molecular têm sido utilizadas para benefício da maior produtividade animal.

Significant progress in the area of animal production is due to the development of researches on genetics, environment, health, management and nutrition. The search for better management conditions that benefit animal welfare resulted in changes to the installation. The genetic improvement more productive animals has encouraged the number of searches to reduce the incidence of diseases, mainly of metabolic origin. The incorporation in products with higher bioavailability as industrial amino acid and organic minerals, the inclusion of products modifiers enteric of microflora as probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic, nucleotides and exogenous enzymes, has benefited the use of nutrients are not well absorbed and often unavailable in the diet. Biotechnology latest as nutrition in egg and molecular biology has been used for the benefit of the increase animal productivity.