ABSTRACT The use of carp pituitary extract (CPE) in fish reproduction may have drawbacks, whereas analogues of mammalian (aGnRHm) or salmon (aGnRHs) gonadotropins containing dopamine inhibitor (DI) may offer greater advantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormone inducers on the reproduction of Prochilodus brevis males. A total of 44 specimens of P. brevis were divided into six groups, namely, CPE 4.0 mg; saline solution 1.0 mL; aGnRHm + DI 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg; and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 mL and 0.35 mL kg-1 of live weight. The number of ejaculates, seminal volume, curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm morphology and concentration, and membrane and DNA integrity were determined. Sample normality was examined using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and homogeneity using the Levene test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, followed by Tukey's test to compare means, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Notably, all fish induced with CPE 4.0 and aGnRHm + DI demonstrated ejaculation, yielding a greater seminal volume. Sperm concentration under aGnRHs + DI 0.35 exceeded that with aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE 4.0. Regarding velocity, aGnRHm + DI 0.3 outperformed aGnRHs + DI 0.35 in VCL, while aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 led to higher VSL than aGnRHs 0.35. Additionally, VAP was elevated under aGnRHm + DI 0.3 and CPE, in contrast to aGnRHs + DI 0.35. Improved sperm morphology was observed with aGnRHm + DI 0.5 and aGnRHs + DI 0.25 compared to aGnRHm + DI 0.3. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are relevant to the management of breast cancer treatment since a substantial number of patients develop these complications after chemotherapy. Objective This study aims to evaluate new cardiovascular biomarkers, namely CXCL-16 (C-X-C motif ligand 16), FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3), FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), LIGHT (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14/TNFS14), GDF-15 (Growth/differentiation factor 15), sCD4 (soluble form of CD14), and ucMGP (uncarboxylated Matrix Gla-Protein) in breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin (DOXO). Methods This case-control study was conducted in an oncology clinic that included 34 women diagnosed with breast cancer and chemotherapy with DOXO and 34 control women without cancer and CVD. The markers were determined immediately after the last cycle of chemotherapy. The statistical significance level adopted was 5%. Results The breast cancer group presented higher levels of GDF-15 (p<0.001), while control subjects had higher levels of FABP3 (p=0.038), FABP4 (p=0003), sCD14, and ucMGP (p<0.001 for both). Positive correlations were observed between FABPs and BMI in the cancer group. Conclusion GDF15 is an emerging biomarker with potential clinical applicability in this scenario. FABPs are proteins related to adiposity, which are potentially involved in breast cancer biology. sCD14 and ucMGP engage in inflammatory and vascular calcification. The evaluation of these novel cardiovascular biomarkers could be useful in the management of breast cancer chemotherapy with DOXO.

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são relevantes para o manejo do tratamento do câncer de mama, uma vez que um número significativo de pacientes desenvolve essas complicações após a quimioterapia. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar novos biomarcadores cardiovasculares, sendo eles CXCL-16 (ligante de motivo C-X-C 16), FABP3 (proteína de ligação a ácidos graxos 3), FABP4 (proteína de ligação a ácidos graxos 4), LIGHT (membro da superfamília do fator de necrose tumoral 14/TNFS14), GDF-15 (fator de crescimento/diferenciação 15) , sCD4 (forma solúvel de CD14) e ucMGP (matriz Gla-proteína não carboxilada) em pacientes com câncer de mama tratadas com doxorrubicina (DOXO). Métodos Este estudo de caso-controle foi realizado em uma clínica oncológica, incluindo 34 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama tratadas com quimioterapia com DOXO e 34 mulheres controle, sem câncer ou DCV. Os marcadores foram determinados imediatamente após o último ciclo de quimioterapia. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados O grupo com câncer de mama apresentou níveis mais elevados de GDF-15 (p<0,001), enquanto os indivíduos controle apresentaram níveis mais elevados de FABP3 (p=0,038), FABP4 (p=0003), sCD14 e ucMGP (p<0,001 para ambos). Correlações positivas foram observadas entre FABPs e IMC no grupo com câncer. Conclusão GDF15 é um biomarcador emergente com potencial aplicabilidade clínica neste cenário. FABPs são proteínas relacionadas à adiposidade, potencialmente envolvidas na biologia do câncer de mama. sCD14 e ucMGP estão envolvidos na calcificação inflamatória e vascular. Acima de tudo, a avaliação destes novos biomarcadores cardiovasculares pode ser útil no tratamento da quimioterapia do câncer de mama com DOXO.

Abstract In recent times, Political Communication has made significant progress, resulting in more intense social mediation processes, supported by the development of information and communication technologies. Far beyond the traditional instruments of communication, such as door-to-door campaigns, large rallies, the distribution of pamphlets and the availability of stickers, posters and billboards in the main highways of urban and rural centers, political communication benefited from the expansion of public space with the creation of cybersphere, as an extension of the field of human interactions. It is from virtual reality that digital robots emerge, with a malleability that allows them to build responses to the challenges of each moment. Algorithms have become new spin doctors that, from cyberspace hiding places, seek to guide the public will in the direction of a predetermined direction.

Resumo Nos últimos tempos, a Comunicação Política conheceu avanços significativos, consubstanciando-se em processos de mediação social mais intensos, com o amparo no desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação. Muito além dos tradicionais instrumentos de comunicação, como as campanhas porta a porta, os grandes comícios, a distribuição de panfletos e a disponibilização de autocolantes, cartazes e outdoors nas principais artérias dos centros urbanos e rurais, a comunicação política beneficiou do alargamento do espaço público, com a criação da ciberesfera, enquanto prolongamento do campo das interações humanas. É a partir da realidade virtual que emergem os robots digitais, com uma maleabilidade que lhes permitem construir respostas perante os desafios de cada momento. Os algoritmos tornaram-se em novos spin doctors que, a partir dos esconderijos ciberespaciais, procuram orientar a vontade pública na direção de um sentido predeterminado.

Abstract Biliary drainage for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA) can be performed either by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD). To date there is no consensus about which method is preferred. Taking that into account, the aim of this study is to compare Endoscopic Biliary Drainage (EBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma through a systematic review and metanalysis. A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was performed. Evaluated outcomes included technical success, clinical success, post drainage complications (cholangitis, pancreatitis, bleeding, and major complications), crossover, hospital length stay, and seeding metastases. Data extracted from the studies were used to calculate Mean Differences (MD). Seventeen studies were included, with a total of 2284 patients (EBD = 1239, PTBD = 1045). Considering resectable PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated lower rates of crossover (RD = 0.29; 95% CI 0.07–0.51; p = 0.009 I2 = 90%), post-drainage complications (RD = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06–0.33; p < 0.0001; I2 = 78%), and post-drainage pancreatitis (RD = 0.10; 95% CI 0.05–0.16; p < 0.0001; I2 = 64%). The EBD group presented reduced length of hospital stay (RD = -2.89; 95% CI -3.35 - -2,43; p < 0.00001; I2 = 42%). Considering palliative PCCA, the PTBD group demonstrated a higher clinical success (RD = -0.19; 95% CI -0.27 - -0.11; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) and less post-drainage cholangitis (RD = 0.08; 95% CI 0.01-0.15; p = 0.02; I2 = 48%) when compared to the EBD group. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding: technical success, post-drainage bleeding, major post-drainage complications, and seeding metastases.

ABSTRACT. In soils with adequate levels of fertility, it is possible to manage phosphate fertilization aiming at the grain production system, instead of each isolated crop. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the management of phosphate fertilization, place and time, on the soil and leaf P content, and crop yield in grain production systems. An experiment was conducted at the farm level in the municipality of Nazareno, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, for four years on soil with adequate level of fertility. The treatments consisted of the management of phosphate fertilization by broadcast or furrow and dose for each crop or for the production system (spring/summer and autumn/winter crops), being: Control = without phosphate fertilization; Conventional = phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop; BTP = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system to broadcast; TPS = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the spring/summer crop; TPW = phosphate fertilization of the grain production system in the furrow of the autumn/winter crop. Soil P content was evaluated in the third year of implantation, and the crops yield every season crop (maize, soybean, common bean and wheat). The P content in the leaves of maize and soybeans were evaluated in the spring/summer crops. The application of the total dose of phosphate fertilization for both crops in the sowing furrow of the spring/summer or autumn/winter crops (TPS and TPW) promoted operational advantages and increased soil P content in the 0-0.20 m layer, without reducing the yield of the spring/summer crops. Leaf P content was not affected. The Conventional management (phosphate fertilization in the furrow in each crop) provide greater yield of common beans and wheat during autumn/winter crops, which are more subject to water restriction due to less rainfall, even without increasing the soil P content.

Abstract Objective The health and humanitarian emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures of physical distancing and social isolation adopted required new modes of care in mental health. This article aims to define the possibilities and challenges of virtualizing emergency care, specifically psychologist on duty service and psychological first aid. Method An integrative literature review was carried out from 2016 to 2021 in databases. Results A total of thirteen articles were selected, which culminated in the themes: emergency care practices in times of crisis; and implementation of virtualization with its potential and limits. Conclusion One can conclude that virtual care is a way to democratize access to mental health services, but this process has limitations. However, further studies are needed to increase the reach of virtual care in emergency mental health care, in order to allow maximization of the potential of this modality.

Resumo Objetivo A emergência sanitária e humanitária causada pela pandemia da COVID-19 e as medidas de distanciamento e isolamento social adotadas exigiram novos modos de cuidado em saúde mental. O presente artigo objetiva descrever as possibilidades e os desafios da virtualização dos cuidados emergenciais, especificamente o plantão psicológico e os primeiros cuidados psicológicos. Método Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura no período de 2016 a 2021 em bancos de dados. Resultados Foram selecionados 13 artigos, que culminaram nos temas: práticas de cuidado emergencial em momentos de crise; e implementação da virtualização com suas potencialidades e limites. Conclusão Conclui-se que os atendimentos virtuais são uma forma de democratizar o acesso aos serviços de saúde mental, mas esse processo apresenta limitações. Em todo caso, é preciso realizar mais estudos para aumentar o alcance dos atendimentos virtuais nos cuidados emergenciais em saúde mental, para que seja possível maximizar as potencialidades dessa modalidade.

RESUMO A estimação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) com o sistema ergoespirométrico, considerado padrão ouro, é de difícil acesso para a população. Portanto, testes indiretos são comumente utilizados. Este estudo comparou o VO2max determinado por um sistema ergoespirométrico com valores estimados pelo dispositivo Polar V800. 17 corredores recreacionais do sexo masculino (29.89 ± 6.84 anos) realizaram um teste cardiorrespiratório em uma esteira programável (modelo ATL, Inbramed, Brasil). Trocas gasosas e variáveis ventilatórias foram medidas respiração por respiração, utilizando um sistema analisador metabólico (Ergoestik Geratherm®, Alemanha). O VO2max foi indiretamente estimado com o Polar V800. A normalidade dos dados foi analisada com o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e o erro padrão das medidas (SEM) foram utilizados para verificar a confiabilidade. Foi aplicado o teste coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < .05. O Polar V800 demonstrou baixos níveis de SEM (1.83 mL/kg/min). Houve uma correlação intraclasse moderada-forte entre as repetições para ambos os métodos (ICC = .69; p = .01), uma correlação moderada (r = .54; R 2 = .29; p = .02) e uma concordância excelente entre os métodos. O Polar V800 pode ser usado para aferir indiretamente o VO2max de corredores recreacionais.

ABSTRACT The estimation of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with the ergospirometric system, considered the gold standard, is not easily feasible for the general population. Therefore, indirect tests are commonly used. This study aimed to compare the VO2max determined by an ergospirometric system with values estimated by the Polar V800 device. 17 male recreational runners (29.89 ± 6.84 years) performed a cardiorespiratory test on a programmable treadmill (ATL model, Inbramed, Brazil). Gas exchange and ventilatory variables were measured breath by breath, using a metabolic analyzer system (Ergoestik Geratherm®, Germany). VO2max was indirectly estimated with the Polar V800. Data normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The intraclass correlation coefficient and the standard error of measurements (SEM) were used to verify reliability. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was applied. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. Polar V800 demonstrated low levels of SEM (1.83 mL/kg/min). There was a moderate-strong intraclass correlation between repetitions for both methods (ICC = .69; p = .01), a moderate correlation (r = .54; R 2 = .29; p = .02), and excellent agreement between methods. The Polar V800 can be used to indirectly measure the VO2max in recreational runners.

Resumo Fundamento A hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) é uma doença genética dominante que se caracteriza por níveis sanguíneos elevados de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C), e está associada à ocorrência de doença cardiovascular precoce. No Brasil, o HipercolBrasil, que é atualmente o maior programa de rastreamento em cascata para HF, já identificou mais de 2.000 indivíduos com variantes genéticas causadoras de HF. A abordagem padrão baseia-se no rastreamento em cascata de casos índices referidos, indivíduos com hipercolesterolemia e suspeita clínica de HF. Objetivos Realizar rastreamento direcionado de 11 pequenos municípios brasileiros com suspeita de alta prevalência de indivíduos com HF. Métodos A seleção dos municípios ocorreu de 3 maneiras: 1) municípios em que houve suspeita de efeito fundador (4 municípios); 2) municípios em uma região com altas taxas de infarto do miocárdio precoce, conforme descrito pelo banco de dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (2 municípios); e 3) municípios geograficamente próximos a outros municípios com alta prevalência de indivíduos com HF (5 municípios). A significância estatística foi considerada como valor p < 0,05. Resultados Foram incluídos 105 casos índices e 409 familiares de primeiro grau. O rendimento dessa abordagem foi de 4,67 familiares por caso índice, o qual é significativamente melhor (p < 0,0001) do que a taxa geral do HipercolBrasil (1,59). Identificamos 36 CIs com variante patogênica ou provavelmente patogênica para HF e 240 familiares de primeiro grau afetados. Conclusão: Nossos dados sugerem que, uma vez detectadas, regiões geográficas específicas justificam uma abordagem direcionada para a identificação de aglomerações de indivíduos com HF.

Abstract Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease characterized by elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and it is associated with the occurrence of early cardiovascular disease. In Brazil, HipercolBrasil, which is currently the largest FH cascade screening program, has already identified more than 2000 individuals with causal genetic variants for FH. The standard approach is based on cascade screening of referred index cases, individuals with hypercholesterolemia and clinical suspicion of FH. Objectives To perform targeted screening of 11 small Brazilian cities with a suspected high prevalence of people with FH. Methods The selection of cities occurred in 3 ways: 1) cities in which a founder effect was suspected (4 cities); 2) cities in a region with high rates of early myocardial infarction as described by the National Health System database (2 cities); and 3) cities that are geographically close to other cities with a high prevalence of individuals with FH (5 cities). Statistical significance was considered as p value < 0.05. Results One hundred and five index cases and 409 first-degree relatives were enrolled. The yield of such approach of 4.67 relatives per index case was significantly better (p < 0.0001) than the general HipercolBrasil rate (1.59). We identified 36 IC with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant for FH and 240 affected first-degree relatives. Conclusion Our data suggest that, once detected, specific geographical regions warrant a target approach for identification of clusters of individuals with FH.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A associação do uso de alguns fármacos com hiperprolactinemia e galactorreia tem sido relatada na literatura, mas são escassas as informações sobre o papel da duloxetina nestas alterações. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi destacar este efeito adverso e discutir as causas fisiopatológicas da galactorreia associada ao uso de duloxetina no tratamento da dor crônica. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 70 anos, com diagnóstico de neuropatia herpética. Evoluiu com refratariedade álgica após tratamento farmacológico, sendo encaminhada à clínica de dor. Optou-se por manter a duloxetina (60 mg) uma vez ao dia e associar bloqueios com anestésico local em regiões de dor herpética. A paciente queixou-se de galactorreia e alteração de peso e apresentou elevação da prolactina sérica. Foi aventada, então, a possibilidade de hiperprolactinemia pela duloxetina. Foi, então, realizada a suspensão da duloxetina e, após um mês, foi observada redução expressiva dos níveis séricos da prolactina e cessação da galactorreia. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento de pacientes com dor neuropática é extremamente desafiador e a compreensão detalhada do processo, em destaque para a estratégia farmacológica e seus possíveis efeitos adversos é fundamental para o melhor manejo dos pacientes e manutenção do bem-estar. Diante disso, concluiu-se que a duloxetina, apesar de acontecer raramente, pode causar aumento da prolactina sérica e galactorreia em usuários.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association of the use of some drugs with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea has been reported in the literature, but information on the role of duloxetine in these alterations is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to highlight this adverse effect and discuss the pathophysiological causes of galactorrhea associated with the use of duloxetine in a patient undergoing treatment for chronic pain. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 70 years old, with herpetic neuropathy diagnosis. She developed refractory pain after drug treatment and was referred to the pain clinic. Duloxetine (60mg) taken once a day was maintained and associated with blocks with local anesthetic in regions of herpetic pain. The patient complained of galactorrhea and changes in weight and showed an increase in serum prolactin. Then, the possibility of hyperprolactinemia due to duloxetine was raised. Duloxetine was suspended, and after one month, a significant reduction in serum prolactin levels and end of galactorrhea were observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment of patients with neuropathic pain is extremely challenging and the detailed understanding, especially of the pharmacological strategy and its possible adverse effects, is fundamental for the better management of patients and their well-being. Therefore, it is concluded that duloxetine, although rarely, can cause an increase in serum prolactin and galactorrhea in users.

Abstract The action of substances with non-permeable cryoprotectant potential, besides glucose, has not yet been studied for the species Prochilodus brevis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of four non-permeable cryoprotectants on this species sperm cryopreservation. Five pools were cryopreserved in a solution of 5% glucose and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) associated or not (control) with cryoprotectants egg yolk (5, 10 or 12%), soy lecithin (2.5, 7.5 or 10%), sucrose (5, 10 or 20%) and lactose (5, 8 or 15%). After thawing, samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics (total motility, motility duration, velocities, and wobble - WOB), morphology and membrane and DNA integrity. The treatments containing egg yolk improved significantly (P<0.05) results when compared the control for the membrane integrity parameter. When compared to other treatments, egg yolk, at any concentration, presented higher results (P<0.05) for membrane integrity, total motility, curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) parameters. Egg yolk also showed the best results for WOB, but it did not differ from 5% and 8% lactose and 5% and 20% sucrose. Soy lecithin had the lowest percentages of morphologically normal sperm (P<0.05), while the other treatments did not differ from each other. There was no difference regarding DNA integrity data. Thus, 5% egg yolk is indicated as a non-permeable cryoprotectant for P. brevis, in association with 5% glucose and 10% Me2SO.

Resumo: Objetivou-se identificar a forma como os agentes do sistema agroindustrial do leite no sul e oeste do Maranhão percebem e praticam a produção e a comercialização do leite, bem como as relações entre estes, buscando articular estratégias competitivas regionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa multicasos qualitativa, com dados coletados mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a utilização da técnica de associação livre de palavras (TALP). Para a avaliação dos resultados, optou-se pelo uso da análise de frequências múltiplas, análise de similitude e elaboração de matriz prototípica. Participaram das entrevistas 23 agentes divididos em quatro grupos, sendo os gestores institucionais responsáveis em apoiar a cadeia do leite, pequenos produtores de leite e laticínios. Nos resultados, foi possível identificar um padrão de opiniões sobre os desafios da produção, bem como aspectos de comercialização do leite considerados importantes institucional e organizacionalmente. Percebeu-se que a infraestrutura e a logística de transporte se posicionaram como sérios obstáculos ao crescimento do mercado leiteiro na região. Além disso, o estudo demonstrou que há uniformidade de critérios considerados importantes para o mercado, como qualidade do leite, higiene na produção, sanidade animal, uso de ordenha mecânica e cumprimento pelos produtores quanto à assistência técnica.

Abstract: This research aimed to identify how agents of the Agro-industrial System of milk in the South and West of Maranhão perceive and practice milk production and commercialization, and the relations among them, seeking to articulate regional competitive strategies. It is a qualitative multi-case study with a semi-structured interview script guided by the Free Word Association Technique (TALP) for data collection. We have used Multiple Frequency Analysis, Similitude Analysis, and a Prototypical matrix formulation to evaluate the results. Twenty-nine agents have participated in the interviews. They were divided into four groups, composed of institutional managers responsible for supporting the milk chain, small producers of milk and dairy products, and dairy products companies' managers. The results enable to identify a pattern of opinions about production challenges and milk commercialization essential aspects, both institutionally and organizationally. Infrastructure and transport logistics were pointed out as severe obstacles to the dairy market growth in the region. Moreover, the study has evidenced the existence of a uniform position on important criteria for the market, such as milk quality, production hygiene, animal health, mechanical milking usage, and compliance with technical assistance by producers.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a extração e a exportação de nutrientes por cultivares de feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) de diferentes grupos comerciais e hábitos de crescimento. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro cultivares de feijão-comum: TAA Gol, BRS FC104, IPR Tuiuiú e TAA Dama. Determinou-se o acúmulo de massa seca (MS) total e de nutrientes nos estádios V4 (com quatro, seis e oito trifólios), R5, R7, R8 e R9, bem como a produtividade de grãos e a exportação de nutrientes por eles. Observaram-se diferenças tanto na absorção de nutrientes como no acúmulo de MS e de nutrientes entre as cultivares, nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento (V4 com seis e oito trifólios). A cultivar TAA Gol apresentou maior acúmulo de quase todos os nutrientes nesses dois estádios iniciais. Em R7, a cultivar que obteve maior acúmulo de MS e nutrientes foi TAA Dama, mas, a partir de R8, não houve diferenças significativas. Embora a exportação de nutrientes seja semelhante entre as cultivares, uma menor percentagem é translocada para os grãos em TAA Dama.

Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify the extraction and export of nutrients by common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars from different commercial groups and with different growth habits. The experiment was conducted using four common bean cultivars: TAA Gol, BRS FC104, IPR Tuiuiú, and TAA Dama. Total dry matter (DM) and nutrient accumulation in the V4 (with four, six, and eight three-leaflet leaves), R5, R7, R8, and R9 stages was determined, as well as grain yield and nutrient export. Differences were observed both in nutrient uptake and in DM and nutrient accumulation among the cultivars in the initial stages of development (V4 with six and eight three-leaflet leaves). The TAA Gol cultivar showed a greater accumulation of almost all nutrients in these two initial stages. In R7, the cultivar that had the greatest DM and nutrient accumulation was TAA Dama, but, from R8 onwards, there were no significant differences. Although nutrient export is similar among the evaluated cultivars, a lower percentage is translocated to the grain in TAA Dama.

Resumo: Desde 2011, em Portugal, os dirigentes superiores da Administração Pública são recrutados e selecionados através de procedimentos que visam minimizar a nomeação política. Através da análise de 297 processos de recrutamento, pretendeu-se saber se a introdução de um sistema formal favoreceu o acesso de mais mulheres a cargos de direção superior. Realizaram-se ainda entrevistas a oito mulheres dirigentes para conhecer as suas perceções sobre a igualdade entre homens e mulheres na Administração Pública, o processo de recrutamento, e o seu percurso profissional. Os resultados evidenciam que a proporção de mulheres dirigentes superiores aumentou com o novo sistema de recrutamento, ainda que sobretudo para cargos de 2º grau. Da análise às entrevistas percebe-se subsistirem dúvidas sobre se o atual sistema afasta as nomeações políticas e a existência de obstáculos culturais.

Abstract: Portuguese top public managers are recruited, since 2011, in a new system aiming to reduce political appointment. From 297 recruitment processes the article asks whether, with formal rules and procedures, more women were appointed to top public management positions. Interviews were also conducted with eight female public managers to understand how female top public managers interpret their professional trajectories, the new system of recruitment and on equality in Public Administration. We were able to find clear evidence for increasing female top public managers after the new system was introduced, mainly in 2nd grade management positions. The female public managers interviewed do not always trust the system in removing political nominations and they also related cultural barriers.

Resumen: Desde 2011, los altos directivos de la Administración Pública portuguesa han sido reclutados y seleccionados a través de procedimientos destinados a minimizar el nombramiento político. Mediante el análisis de 297 procesos de reclutamiento, se pretendía saber si un sistema formal favorecía el acceso de más mujeres a puestos de alta dirección. También se llevaron a cabo entrevistas con ocho mujeres gerentes para conocer sus percepciones sobre la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres en la Administración Pública, el proceso de reclutamiento y su carrera profesional. Los resultados muestran que la proporción de mujeres directivas superiores ha aumentado con el nuevo sistema, aunque sobre todo para puestos inferiores. Las entrevistas revelan dudas sobre si el sistema actual elimina los nombramientos políticos y también identificaron obstáculos culturales.

BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 with the virus isolation from Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Uganda forest, Africa. Old World Primates are involved in a sylvatic cycle of maintenance of this arbovirus, however a limited knowledge about the role of New World primates in ZIKV transmission cycles has been established. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the presence of enzootic circulation of ZIKV in New World Primates from three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Paraíba, and Paraná. METHODS We analyzed 100 non-human primate samples collected in 2018 and 2020 from free-ranging and captive environments from São Paulo (six municipalities belonging to Sorocaba region), Paraíba (João Pessoa municipality), and Paraná (Foz do Iguaçu municipality) using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase reaction (RT-qPCR) assays, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). FINDINGS All samples (n = 141) tested negative for the presence of ZIKV genome from tissue and blood samples. In addition, all sera (n = 58) from Foz do Iguaçu’ non-human primates (NHPs) were negative in serological assays. MAIN CONCLUSION No evidence of ZIKV circulation (molecular and serological) was found in neotropical primates. In addition, the absence of antibodies against ZIKV suggests the absence of previous viral exposure of NHPs from Foz do Iguaçu-PR.