The relationship between consumption of animal products and expenditure levels with Quality of Life Scores (SF-36) by veterinary students in Turkey

Tekindal, M.A.; Çevriml, M.B.; Akin, A.C.; Mat, B.; Arikan, M.S.; Polat, M.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12041

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 72 (05) • Sep-Oct 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12041 copy

The relationship between consumption of animal products and expenditure levels with Quality of Life Scores (SF-36) by veterinary students in Turkey

[A relação entre o consumo de produtos de origem animal e níveis de gasto com Scores de Qualidade de Vida (SF-36) por alunos de veterinária na Turquia]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to calculate the quality of life scores (Short Form-36) of veterinary students in Turkey and review their scores with regards to different socio-demographic characteristics. A total of 1211 students studying veterinary medicine in 26 different faculties in Turkey were selected by stratified sampling method and were asked questions concerning their consumption of and expenditures on foods of animal origin using the SF-36 questionnaire between October and December 2018. Significant differences were found between SF-36 components in terms of year level, gender, accommodation status, income level, and level of expenditures on foods and foods of animal origin (P<0.01). With the increase in the size of the budget set aside for animal products, the scores in the domains of physical functioning, vitality, mental health, pain, and general health perception also enhanced, and statistically significant differences were found (P<0.01). The low quality of life scores of the veterinary students can be improved by increasing their income level and consumption of foods of animal origin. This will ensure that they are energetic and have the desired level of mental and general health perceptions.

Keywords:
expenditure; foods of animal origin; income; quality of life; student; veterinary medicine

Variable	Subcategory	n	%
Weekly Frequency of Eating Out	Never	185	15.3
	1-2 Times	642	53.0
	3-4 Times	249	20.6
	5-6 Times	93	7.7
	Every Day	42	3.5
Monthly Beef and Veal Consumption	Never	192	15.9
	Less than 500g	639	52.8
	500-999g	267	22.0
	1000-1999g	73	6.0
	More than 2Kg	40	3.3
Monthly Mutton and goat Meat Consumption	Never	590	48.7
	Less than 500g	484	40.0
	500-999g	104	8.6
	1000-1999g	23	1.9
	More than 2Kg	10	0.8
Monthly Poultry Meat Consumption	Never	61	5.0
	Less than 500g	378	31.2
	500-999g	481	39.7
	1000-1999g	160	13.2
	More than 2Kg	131	10.8
Monthly Fish Consumption	Never	523	43.2
	Less than 500g	551	45.5
	500-999g	97	8.0
	1000-1999g	27	2.2
	More than 2Kg	13	1.1
Monthly Milk Consumption	Less than 1 Lt	329	27.2
	1-2 Lt	381	31.5
	3-4 Lt	191	15.8
	5-6 Lt	166	13.7
	More than 7 Lt	144	11.9
Monthly Cheese Consumption	Never	51	4.2
	Less than 500g	487	40.2
	500-999gr	490	40.5
	1000-1999g	136	11.2
	More than 2Kg	47	3.9
Monthly Yoghurt Consumption	Never	51	4.2
	Less than 500g	417	34.4
	500-999g	428	35.3
	1000-1999g	159	13.1
	More than 2Kg	156	12.9
Monthly Butter Consumption	Never	298	24.6
	Less than 500g	704	58.1
	500-999g	158	13.0
	1000-1999g	39	3.2
	More than 2Kg	12	1.0
Monthly Egg Consumption	Never	55	4.5
	1-5 pieces	144	11.9
	6-10 pieces	256	21.1
	11-15 pieces	224	18.5
	16-20 pieces	184	15.2
	More than 21 pieces	348	28.7
Is Your Monthly Consumption of Animal Products Enough?	Yes enough	449	37.1
	No not enough	762	62.9
	Total	1211	100.0

				Physical Functioning	Physical Role Limitations	Emotional Role Limitations	Vitality	Mental Health	Social Functioning	Bodily Pain	General Health Perceptions
		n	%	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D
SF- 36	Sub-Factor Scores			86.90± 18.35	63.71± 39.36	50.51± 42.60	51.29± 20.60	55.54± 18.57	59.28± 23.39	70.36± 22.09	57.00± 19.45
Year student	1st year	187	15.4	90.96± 15.53^a	72.33± 36.10^a	60.07± 41.17^a	53.37± 20.83^ab	59.49± 18.24^a	60.14± 22.96	72.91± 20.37	60.16± 19.15
	2nd year	215	17.8	88.21± 15.70^ab	67.21± 37.37^ab	46.98± 42.51^b	47.70± 21.00^a	53.34± 18.00^b	59.52± 22.59	70.80± 22.32	56.60± 18.95
	3rd year	195	16.1	85.87± 19.56^ab	59.74± 40.07^b	47.69± 41.85^b	49.74± 20.82^ab	53.31± 19.84^b	57.54± 23.76	70.68± 21.91	55.79± 20.55
	4th year	268	22.1	86.38± 18.71^ab	62.87± 40.33^ab	49.00± 42.24^ab	50.62± 20.36^ab	54.90± 18.70^ab	59.04± 23.87	68.38± 22.60	56.92± 19.27
	5th year /intern	346	28.6	84.87± 19.93^b	59.75± 40.39^b	50.29± 43.61^ab	53.79± 19.96^b	56.54± 17.94^ab	59.85± 23.58	70.05± 22.51	56.27± 19.37
	Test Statistics			3.866^‡	4.105^Ψ	3.044^Ψ	3.761^Ψ	3.937^Ψ	0.396^Ψ	1.215^‡	1.568^Ψ
	p			0.001**	0.003**	0.020*	0.001**	0.001**	0.810	0.303	0.180
Gender	Male	705	58.2	87.90± 18.10	61.99± 39.73	52.39± 42.47	52.62± 20.33	55.52± 18.51	59.41± 22.92	73.60± 21.38	58.58± 18.51
	Female	506	41.8	85.50± 18.63	66.11± 38.76	47.89± 42.69	49.43± 20.85	55.58± 18.68	59.11± 24.04	65.84± 22.29	54.79± 20.51
	Test Statistics			2.235⁺	-1.798†	1.813†	2.66⁺	-0.058†	0.220†	6.070†	3.357⁺
	p			0.020*	0.070	0.070	0.010*	0.950	0.830	0.001**	0.001**
Accommodation status	With family	220	18.2	89.61± 16.52	69.32± 38.02^a	56.36± 42.20	49.68± 22.70	55.36± 19.35	59.64± 21.81	71.45± 20.73	58.36± 20.18
	Relative	13	1.1	88.46± 12.48	71.15± 35.13^ab	61.54± 38.12	46.15± 19.06	54.15± 18.08	63.19± 20.17	65.19± 29.55	58.46± 20.65
	Government dorm	285	23.5	85.42± 19.59	64.56± 38.44^ab	50.41± 40.59	50.12± 19.94	53.66± 18.14	59.36± 23.43	68.71± 21.89	56.56± 18.24
	Student hostel	139	11.5	87.48± 18.12	69.24± 36.16^ab	53.00± 42.62	51.58± 20.52	56.09± 18.60	61.35± 24.20	70.41± 21.62	55.94± 19.64
	Student home	528	43.6	86.40± 18.23	59.09± 40.92^b	46.97± 43.60	52.75± 20.00	56.62± 18.39	58.62± 23.69	71.24± 22.62	56.95± 19.67
	Other	26	2.1	86.35± 23.69	67.31± 38.58^ab	55.13± 45.16	49.04± 21.91	53.69± 20.31	55.98± 27.44	63.46± 22.46	56.15± 21.27
	Test Statistics			1.465^‡	3.086^Ψ	1.897^Ψ	1.209^‡	1.038^‡	0.489^‡	1.245^‡	0.353^‡
	p			0.199	0.009*	0.092	0.302	0.394	0.785	0.286	0.881

				Physical Functioning	Physical Role Limitations	Emotional Role Limitations	Vitality	Mental Health	Social Functioning	Bodily Pain	General Health Perceptions
		n	%	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D	$\bar{x}$ ±S.D
SF-36				86.90 ±18.35	63.71 ±39.36	50.51 ±42.60	51.29 ±20.60	55.54 ±18.57	59.28 ±23.39	70.36 ±22.09	57.00 ±19.45
Individual monthly income	Below 300 TRY	107	8.8	83.32 ±23.61	59.58 ±39.99^a	45.17 ±39.19^a	48.36 ±19.44^a	53.31 ±18.39^a	60.14 ±22.12	68.46 ±21.49^ab	54.30 ±18.05^a
	300-499 TRY	310	25.6	85.94 ±18.62	60.16 ±39.43^a	47.63 ±41.28^a	48.73 ±19.53^a	53.25 ±17.01^a	59.19 ±21.03	67.80 ±22.09^a	54.21 ±18.67^a
	500-749TRY	274	22.6	86.90 ±18.08	67.34 ±38.23^b	52.68 ±42.26^b	53.28 ±19.68^ab	55.96 ±17.25^a	59.27 ±23.74	69.57 ±20.37^ab	57.19 ±17.70^ab
	750-999TRY	186	15.4	87.53 ±17.05	59.54 ±41.42^a	46.24 ±44.80^a	48.90 ±20.41^a	55.08 ±19.47^a	55.93 ±25.79	72.19 ±22.42^ab	57.61 ±20.28^ab
	1000-1499 TRY	204	16.8	87.55 ±16.99	67.77 ±38.52^b	52.78 ±43.74^b	52.11 ±22.75^ab	55.51 ±21.15^a	60.08 ±24.18	71.64 ±22.58^ab	58.38 ±21.21^ab
	Above 1500 TRY	130	10.7	90.23 ±16.78	67.50 ±38.33^b	59.74 ±42.87^c	57.73 ±21.04^b	62.71 ±17.83^b	62.38 ±23.97	75.04 ±24.03^b	62.42 ±20.70^b
	Test Statistics			1.945^‡	2.309 ^Ψ	2.487 ^Ψ	5.098 ^Ψ	5.264^‡	1.301 ^Ψ	2.639^‡	4.005 ^Ψ
	p			0.084	0.042*	0.030*	0.001**	0.001**	0.261	0.022*	0.001**
Individual expenditure on foods	Below 150 TRY	209	17.3	85.89 ±20.28	67.46 ±37.34	52.15 ±40.52	47.63 ±20.22^a	53.00 ±18.60	57.64 ±23.04	70.53 ±23.54	56.60 ±20.03
	150-199 TRY	244	20.1	86.78 ±17.40	60.45 ±39.26	47.54 ±42.53	50.61 ±20.14^ab	54.10 ±18.68	58.85 ±22.32	69.49 ±21.69	55.88 ±18.82
	200-249 TRY	198	16.4	85.20 ±18.65	61.11 ±40.57	47.31 ±42.23	51.21 ±20.28^ab	56.30 ±18.39	59.98 ±23.40	68.90 ±21.54	56.59 ±19.81
	250-299 TRY	171	14.1	88.71 ±17.16	67.25 ±38.38	53.02 ±43.49	52.95 ±19.75^ab	56.65 ±17.15	61.61 ±23.51	70.41 ±20.94	56.52 ±18.73
	300-499 TRY	252	20.8	88.08 ±17.41	63.69 ±39.62	52.78 ±43.79	51.92 ±21.75^ab	56.98 ±19.32	58.44 ±24.75	70.77 ±22.76	58.47 ±19.02
	Above 500 TRY	137	11.3	86.68 ±19.56	63.14 ±41.36	50.61 ±43.18	54.93 ±20.72^b	56.88 ±18.68	60.19 ±23.14	72.92 ±21.58	58.07 ±20.92
	Test Statistics			1.014^‡	1.171 ^Ψ	0.784 ^Ψ	2.512^‡	1.720^‡	0.704^‡	0.636 ^Ψ	0.587^‡
	p			0.408	0.321	0.561	0.028*	0.127	0.621	0.672	0.710
Individual expenditure on animal products	Below 50 TRY	380	31.4	84.07 ±20.57^a	60.86 ±39.23	47.37 ±41.96	48.26 ±20.00^a	52.83 ±18.29^a	58.19 ±23.16	68.37 ±22.45^a	53.87 ±19.50^a
	50-99 TRY	337	27.8	87.37 ±17.25^ab	63.06 ±39.06	49.36 ±42.34	50.12 ±19.87^ab	55.20 ±17.56^ab	59.57 ±23.91	69.38 ±22.25^ab	56.99 ±18.87^ac
	100-149 TRY	220	18.2	88.75 ±16.60^b	65.80 ±39.95	52.12 ±42.62	54.14 ±21.11^b	56.91 ±19.33^ab	60.97 ±23.05	70.10 ±22.54^ab	58.70 ±18.48^bc
	150-199 TRY	116	9.6	89.31 ±16.07^ab	68.32 ±38.92	56.61 ±44.88	53.92 ±20.68^ab	59.28 ±17.97^b	59.61 ±22.78	75.26 ±19.74^b	57.97 ±19.59^abc
	200-299 TRY	85	7.0	90.24 ±16.47^ab	72.94 ±37.64	60.00 ±41.40	56.94 ±20.63^b	59.86 ±19.01^b	60.10 ±24.50	75.12 ±21.15^ab	64.29 ±20.21^b
	Above 300 TRY	73	6.0	86.16 ±20.01^ab	57.19 ±40.71	46.58 ±43.30	53.08 ±22.77^ab	56.16 ±20.85^ab	57.12 ±23.08	72.67 ±21.22^ab	58.15 ±21.06^abc
	Test Statistics			3.322^‡	2.206 ^Ψ	1.977 ^Ψ	4.533^‡	3.794 ^Ψ	0.555 ^Ψ	2.869^‡	4.884 ^Ψ
	p			0.006**	0.052	0.079	0.001**	0.002**	0.734	0.014*	0.001**

Animal Products	Consumption Amount Mean ±SD	Test Statistics	Physical Functioning	Physical Role Limitations	Emotional Role Limitations	Vitality	Mental Health	Social Functioning	Bodily Pain	General Health Perceptions
Beef	1253.12±23296.64	r/ $r_{s}$	-0.007	0.029	0.037	0.017	-0.002	0.019	0.026	-0.020
Beef	1253.12±23296.64	p	0.803	0.313	0.201	0.557	0.944	0.507	0.363	0.495
Mutton-Goat Meat	258.93 ±765.24	r/ $r_{s}$	0.012	0.037	0.081**	0.073*	0.016	-0.009	0.061*	0.071*
Mutton-Goat Meat	258.93 ±765.24	p	0.684	0.202	0.006	0.012	0.589	0.760	0.037	0.015
Poultry Meat	1168.38 ±3189.66	r/ $r_{s}$	0.041	0.022	0.039	0.038	0.074*	-0.005	0.063*	0.045
Poultry Meat	1168.38 ±3189.66	p	0.165	0.457	0.188	0.191	0.012	0.855	0.031	0.125
Fish Meat	270.29 ±703.29	r/ $r_{s}$	0.045	0.023	0.041	0.094**	0.063*	-0.019	0.045	0.067*
Fish Meat	270.29 ±703.29	p	0.124	0.438	0.163	0.001	0.032	0.523	0.123	0.023
Milk	5.12 ±19.67	r/ $r_{s}$	-0.017	0.010	0.019	0.017	-0.003	0.003	-0.014	0.014
Milk	5.12 ±19.67	p	0.558	0.728	0.515	0.575	0.933	0.918	0.633	0.629
Cheese	739.84 ±1169.68	r/ $r_{s}$	0.056	-0.029	0.021	-0.004	-0.016	0.011	0.002	0.043
Cheese	739.84 ±1169.68	p	0.053	0.325	0.465	0.896	0.595	0.699	0.943	0.145
Yoghurt	1512.73 ±5180.02	r/ $r_{s}$	0.036	0.012	0.015	0.032	0.025	0.038	-0.037	0.029
Yoghurt	1512.73 ±5180.02	p	0.213	0.691	0.604	0.274	0.398	0.194	0.200	0.314
Butter	460.76 ±4214.27	r/ $r_{s}$	-0.010	0.027	0.043	0.028	-0.005	0.026	0.028	-0.037
Butter	460.76 ±4214.27	p	0.738	0.353	0.142	0.343	0.866	0.366	0.339	0.203
Egg	23.42 ±48.78	r/ $r_{s}$	-0.011	-0.049	-0.031	0.036	0.005	-0.009	0.011	0.011

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Auto para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: muratpolat@kastamonu.edu.tr