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• Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. 29 (2) • 1980 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241980000200008   copiar

Ecologia trófica de la caballa (Scombridae, Scomber japonicus marplatensis) del Atlantico sudoccidental

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen

This study describes the scheme of the interspecific trophic relationships in the pelagic zone of the Argentine continental shelf in the coastal water region along the Province of Buenos Aires, in which the mackerel occupies the trophic levels corresponding to a plankton feeder of copepods of the zooplankton (third level), and to a small predator of the micronecton fish (fourth and fifth levels). The specific food spectrum is wide in the taxonomic composition and it consists of: Copepods, Amphipods, Euphausiids, Decapods (larval and postlarval stages), Chaetognats, small squids and fish, mainly anchovy in all development stages. The size of food species varies from 1 to 140 mm in length and the maximum diameter of the body from 0,8 to 20 mm; the diet is that of a small carnivorous fish tending to the euphagy characteristics of an opportunistic feeder. During the summer months some qualitative, Quantitative and chronological variations in the specific composition of the diet become erudent; these derive from the relative abundance of food species and the monthly sequence of the dominant modal classes in the shoals in this period, the anchovy is always frequent in the stomach contents of youngs and adults of the mackerel, such as larval and postlarval stages, young and adult fish. The capacity of food ingestion varies considerably between 5 and 22% with respect to the body weight of the consumer and the number of ingested specimens with the size of food species. The trophic equivalences calculated between the different food species also show qualitative and quantitative variations, mostly caloric and gravimetric in relation with the anchovy taken as basic food standard; therefore the adults of this species are considered as having the greatest utilitary value for the feeding of the mackerel during the period from October to April. The trophic habitat of the mackerel is included in the spawning and growing area of the anchovy, that at the same time is characterized by a high productivity of calanoid copepods, common food for both species. The food chain of the mackerel belongs to the intermediate type, between chains of simple disposition and food webs, and the main food is represented by two different successive links, one of the zooplankton crustaceans and other of anchovies. Generally, the intake of food is made by two different mechanisms: by filtration of elements of zooplankton (copepods) and by pursuing and capturing small preys (sergestids, chaetognats, squids, anchovies). From this point of view, the mackerel shows a high trophic adaptation characterized by the alternation and transitory change of trophic level and ecological niche, and by the morphological structure of some parts of the digestive system with regard to feedint habits. This last characteristic is also verified by the determination and statistical analysis of certain morphometric relations, mainly the buccal, mandibular intestinal and coelomatic quotiens.

ARTIGOS

Ecologia trófica de la caballa (Scombridae, Scomber japonicus marplatensis) del Atlantico sudoccidental* * Este trabajo constituye una sintesis parcial de un estudio integral sobre la alimentación y crecimiento de la caballa del Sector Bonaerense, y que proximamente será publicado en la Revista de Ciencias Zoológicas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales de Buenos Aires.

Víctor Angelescu

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Rep. Argentina

SYNOPSIS

This study describes the scheme of the interspecific trophic relationships in the pelagic zone of the Argentine continental shelf in the coastal water region along the Province of Buenos Aires, in which the mackerel occupies the trophic levels corresponding to a plankton feeder of copepods of the zooplankton (third level), and to a small predator of the micronecton fish (fourth and fifth levels). The specific food spectrum is wide in the taxonomic composition and it consists of: Copepods, Amphipods, Euphausiids, Decapods (larval and postlarval stages), Chaetognats, small squids and fish, mainly anchovy in all development stages. The size of food species varies from 1 to 140 mm in length and the maximum diameter of the body from 0,8 to 20 mm; the diet is that of a small carnivorous fish tending to the euphagy characteristics of an opportunistic feeder. During the summer months some qualitative, Quantitative and chronological variations in the specific composition of the diet become erudent; these derive from the relative abundance of food species and the monthly sequence of the dominant modal classes in the shoals in this period, the anchovy is always frequent in the stomach contents of youngs and adults of the mackerel, such as larval and postlarval stages, young and adult fish. The capacity of food ingestion varies considerably between 5 and 22% with respect to the body weight of the consumer and the number of ingested specimens with the size of food species. The trophic equivalences calculated between the different food species also show qualitative and quantitative variations, mostly caloric and gravimetric in relation with the anchovy taken as basic food standard; therefore the adults of this species are considered as having the greatest utilitary value for the feeding of the mackerel during the period from October to April. The trophic habitat of the mackerel is included in the spawning and growing area of the anchovy, that at the same time is characterized by a high productivity of calanoid copepods, common food for both species. The food chain of the mackerel belongs to the intermediate type, between chains of simple disposition and food webs, and the main food is represented by two different successive links, one of the zooplankton crustaceans and other of anchovies. Generally, the intake of food is made by two different mechanisms: by filtration of elements of zooplankton (copepods) and by pursuing and capturing small preys (sergestids, chaetognats, squids, anchovies). From this point of view, the mackerel shows a high trophic adaptation characterized by the alternation and transitory change of trophic level and ecological niche, and by the morphological structure of some parts of the digestive system with regard to feedint habits. This last characteristic is also verified by the determination and statistical analysis of certain morphometric relations, mainly the buccal, mandibular intestinal and coelomatic quotiens.

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Anexo II - Clic para agrandar

Anexo II - Clic para agrandar

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  • ______ . & GNERI, F.S. 1965. Resultados preliminares de las investigaciones sobre biología y pesca de la caballa en el área de Mar del Plata. Doc. téc. FAO/CARPAS, Rio de J., (3):1-19.
  • CASTELLO, J. P. &COUSSEAU, M. B. 1976. Observaciones sobre la caballa en las temporadas de pesca del periodo 1969 a 1975 (Pisoes, Scomber japonicus marplatensis). Physis, B.Aires, 35(91):195-203.
  • CIECHOMSKI, J.D. de 1971. Consideraciones sobre la reproducción de la caballa, Scomber japonicus marplatensis y su desarrollo embrionario y larval. Physis, B. Aires, 30(81):547-555.
  • ______ & CAPEZZANI. DA. 1969. Fecundity of the Argentinian mackerel Scomber japonicus marplatensis. Mar. Biol.,2(3):277-282.
  • COUSSEAU, M.B.; CASTELLO, J.P.; CAPEZZANI, D.A.; GAGLIARDI, R. & SILVOSA, J.M. 1968. Informe sobre el muestreo bioestadístico de desembarque de pescado, período enero de 1965-diciembre de 1967. Publ. inst. Biol. mar. y Dir. Gen. Pesca Nación, Mar del Plata, p.39-46.
  • ______; ______ ; COTRINA, CP. & SILVOSA, J.M. 1973. Informe sobre el muestreo bioestadístico de desembarque de pescado en el Puerto de Mar del Plata, Argentina, período enero de 1968-diciembre de 1971. Contraes Inst. Biol. mar., Mar del Plata, (244):55-65.
  • ______; ______; & COTRINA, CP. 1977. Informe sobre el muestreo bioestadístico de desembarque de pescado en el Puerto de Mar del Plata, período enero de 1972-diciembre de 1974. Contrnes Inst. Biol. mar., Mar del Plata, (330):57-62.
  • GAGLIARDI, R. P. & COUSSEAU, M.B. 1970. Estudios biológico-pesqueros sobre la caballa (Scombridae, Scomber japonicus marplatensis). Infmes téc Proyectos Des. Pesq., Mar del Plata, (28):1-36.
  • LOPEZ, R.B. 1959. La caballa del Mar Argentino. I. Sistemática, distribución y pesca. Común. Mus. argent. Cieñe, nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, Cieñe, zool., 3(3):95-130.
  • RIJAVEC, L. & AMARAL, J.C 1977. Distribuição e abundância de peixes pelágicos na costa sul e sudeste do Brasil. (Resultados da pesquisa com ecointegrador). Doc. téc Progr. Pesq. Desenvolv. pesq. Brasil, (24):1-72.

Anexo II - Clic para agrandar

  • *
    Este trabajo constituye una sintesis parcial de un estudio integral sobre la alimentación y crecimiento de la caballa del Sector Bonaerense, y que proximamente será publicado en la Revista de Ciencias Zoológicas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales de Buenos Aires.

    • Fechas de Publicación

    • Publicación en esta colección
      06 Jun 2012
    • Fecha del número
      1980
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