Dynamic and resuspension by waves and sedimentation pattern definition in low energy environments: guaíba lake (Brazil)

Nicolodi, João Luiz; Toldo Jr, Elirio E.; Farina, Leandro

Abstracts

Little research has been undertaken into sediment dynamics in lakes, and most of it only analyses particular aspects such as the texture of the sediments. In this study, the characteristics of the wave field in Guaíba Lake are investigated. The parameters significant wave height (Hs), period (T) and direction of wave propagation are examined together with their relation to the resuspension of sediments at the bottom. For this purpose, the mathematical model SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) has been validated and employed. The results pointed out that the highest waves modeled reached 0.55 m at a few points in the lake, particularly when winds were blowing from the S and SE quadrants with an intensity over 7 m.s-1. Generally speaking, waves follow wind intensity and direction patterns, and reach maximum height in about 1 to 2 hours after wind speed peaks. Whenever winds were stronger, waves took some 2 hours to reach 0.10 m. However, with weak to moderate winds, the waves took around 3 hours to achieve this value in significant wave height. In addition to speed and direction, wind regularity proved relevant in generating and propagating waves on Lake Guaíba. In conclusion the lake's sediment environments were mapped and classified as follows: 1) Depositional Environments (51% of the lake); 2) Transitional Environments (41%); and 3) Erosional or Non-Depositional Environments (8%). As a contribution to the region's environmental management, elements have been created relating to the concentration of suspended particulate matter.

Wave modeling; Sediment Environments; SWAN; Low energy environments; Resuspension by waves; Sedimentology

Pesquisas referentes à dinâmica sedimentar em lagos são escassas e a maioria trata da distribuição e textura dos sedimentos, sendo raras aquelas que fazem menção ao padrão de ondas e suas relações com a ressuspensão destes sedimentos e suas consequências. Este trabalho analisa as características das ondas incidentes no Lago Guaíba (Brasil) por meio da utilização do SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) e suas relações com a ressuspensão de sedimentos junto ao fundo. Os resultados mostraram que as maiores ondas incidentes atingiram 0.55 m, particularmente quando de ventos do quadrante S e SE e com velocidades maiores que 7 m/s. Em termos gerais, as características das ondas seguem os padrões de intensidade e direção dos ventos, atingindo seus máximos valores aproximadamente 1 ou 2 horas após a velocidade de pico dos ventos. Em conclusão, os ambientes de sedimentação do lago foram mapeados e classificados da seguinte forma: 1) Ambientes Depositionais (51% da área do lago); 2) Ambientes Transicionais (41%); e 3) Ambientes Erosionais ou de não deposição (8%).Como forma de contribuir à gestão ambiental da região, foram gerados subsídios referentes ao potencial de concentração de material particulado em suspensão.

Ambientes sedimentares; Ambientes de baixa energia; Ressuspensão por ondas; Modelagem de ondas

BACHI, F. A.; BARBOZA, E. G.; TOLDO JR, E. E. Estudo da sedimentação do Guaíba. Ecos, v. 17, p. 32-35, 2000.
BHOWMIK, N. G.; STALL, J. B. Circulation patterns in the Fox chain of lakes in Illinois. Wat. Resour. ,v. 14, p. 633-642, 1978.
BURROWS, R.; HEDGES, T. S. The Influence of currents on ocean wave climates. Coast. Eng., v. 9, p. 247-260, 1985.
CAMARGO O. A. Atlas Eólico: Rio Grande do Sul. 2002. Porto Alegre: SEMC - Secretaria de Energia Minas e Comunicações, 2002. 70 p.
CASTELÃO, R. M.; MÖLLER JR., O. O. Sobre a circulação tridimensional forçada por ventos na Lagoa dos Patos. Atlântica, v. 25, n. 2, p. 91-106, 2003.
COLLINS, J. I. Prediction of shallow water spectra. J. Geophys. Res., v. 77, n. 15, p. 2693-2707, 1972.
COUSSIRAT DE ARAÚJO, L. Memória sobre o clima do Rio Grande do Sul. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, 1930. 38 p.
GORMAN, R. M.; NEILSON, C. G. Modelling shallow water wave generation and transformation in an intertidal estuary. Coast. Eng., v. 36, p. 197-217, 1999.
GRUBER, N. L. S.; TOLDO JR.; E. E.; BARBOZA, E. G.; NICOLODI, J. L.; AYUP-ZOUAIN, R. N. A shoreface morphodynamic zonation and the equilibrium profile von the Northern Coastline of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J. Coast. Res, v. SI39, p. 504-508, 2006.
HASSELMANN, K.; BARNETT, T. P.; BOUWS, E.; CARLSON, H.; CARTWRIGHT, D. E.; ENKE, K.; EWING, J. A.; GIENAPP, H. Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP). Deut. Hydrogr. Suppl., v. 8, p. 1-12, 1973.
HOLTHUIJSEN, L. H. SWAN - User manual. Delft: Department of Civil Engineering. Delft University of Technology. 2000. 124 p.
HSU, T. W.; OU, S. H; LIAU, J. M. Hindcasting nearshore wind waves using a FEM code for SWAN. Coast. Eng., v. 52, p. 177-195, 2005.
JIN, K. R.; JI, Z. G. Calibration and verification of a spectral wind - wave model for Lake Okeechobee. Ocean Eng., v. 28, p. 571-584, 2001.
LAYBAUER, L.; BIDONE, E. D. Caracterização textural dos sedimentos de fundo do Lago Guaíba e sua importância em diagnósticos ambientais. Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 28, p. 13-26, 2001.
LIN, W.; SANFORD, L.P.; ALLEVA, B.J.; SCHWAB, D.J. Surface wind wave modeling in Chesapeake Bay. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, 3., 1998, Virginia. Anais... Virginia, 1998. p. 1048-1062.
LIU, P. C. Assessing wind wave spectrum representations in a shallow lake. Ocean Eng, v. 14, n. 1, p. 39-50, 1987.
LIVI, P. Elementos do clima: o contraste dos tempos frios e quentes. In: MENEGAT, R.; PORTO, M.L.; CARRARO, C. C.; FERNANDES, L. A. D.(Org.). Atlas Ambiental de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. p. 177-184.
MADSEN, O. S.; POON, Y. K.; GRABER, H. C. Spectral wave attenuation by bottom friction: theory. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ENGINEERING, 21., 1998, New York. Anais... New York, 1998. v.1, p. 492-504.
MARTIN, J. L; MCCUTCHEON, S. C. Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality modeling. Ed. Lewis, 1999. 794 p.
MARTINS, I. R.; VILLWOCK, J. L.; MARTINS, L. R.; BEMVENUTI, C.E. The Lagoa dos Patos estuarine ecosystem (RS, Brazil). Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 22, p. 5-44, 1989.
MENEGAT, R.; PORTO, M. L.; CARRARO, C. C.; FERNANDES, L. A. D. Atlas ambiental de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. 237 p.
MOLLER, O. O.; CASTAING, P.; SALOMON, J. C.; LAZURE, P. The influence of local and non local forcing effects on the subtidal circulation of Patos Lagoon. Estuaries, v. 24, n. 2, p. 275-289, 2001.
MORENO, J. A. Clima do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre: Diretoria de Terras e Colonização. Secretaria da Agricultura. 1961. 64 p.
NICOLODI, J. L.; TOLDO JR, E. Beach Morphodynamics: A tool for coastal habitat managers. A case study - Praia de Fora, Itapuã State Park, RS. Natureza & Conservação, v. 1, p. 66-75, 2003.
NICOLODI, J. L.; TOLDO JR. E. E.; FARINA, L. Dinâmica e ressuspensão por ondas no Lago Guaíba e suas implicações nos locais de captação de água para abastecimento humano. Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 37, p. 47-61, 2010.
NUMMEDAL, D.; SONNENFELD, D. L.; TAYLOR, K. Sediment transport and Morphology at the surf zone of Presque Isle, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania. Mar. Geol., v. 60, p. 99-122, 1984.
OU, S. H.; LIAU, J. M.; HSU, T. W.; TZANG, S. Y. Simulating typhoon waves by SWAN wave model in coastal waters of Taiwan. Ocean Eng.,v. 29, p. 947-971, 2002.
PLAN, N. G.; HOLLAND, K. T.; PULEO, J. A. Analysis of the scale of errors in nearshore bathymetric data. Mar. Geol., v. 191, p. 71-86, 2002.
PIRES-SILVA, A. A.; MAKARYNSKYY, O.; MONBALIU, J.; VENTURA-SOARES, C.; COELHO, E.. Wam/Swan simulations in an open coast: Comparisons with ADCP Measurements. Littoral, The changing coast. EUROCOAST / EUCC, Porto-Portugal: EUROCOAST, 2002
RESIO, D. T.; HIIPAKKA, L. W. Great Lakes wave information. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ENGINEERING, 15.,1976. ASCE. Proc ... ASCE, 1976. v. 1, p. 92-112.
RIS, R.C.; BOOIJ, N.; HOLTHUIJSEN, L. H. A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. Part II: Verification. J. Geogr. Res., v. 104, n. C4, p. 7667-7682, 1999.
ROGERS, W. E.; HWANG AND, P. A.; WANG, D. W. Investigation of wave growth and decay in the SWAN model: three regional-scale applications. J.Phys. Oceanogr., v. 33, p. 366-389, 2003.
RUSU, E.; VENTURA SOARES, C.; PIRES SILVA, A.; PINTO, J. P.; MAKARYNSKYY. O. Near real time assessment of the wave propagation in the coastal environment of Portugal Littoral, The changing coast. EUROCOAST / EUCC, Porto-Portugal: EUROCOAST, 2002
SCHWAB, D. J.; BENNETT, J. R.; LIU, P. C.; DONELAN, M. A. Application of a simple numerical wave prediction model to Lake Eire. J. Geophys. Res., v. 89, p. 3586-3592, 1984.
SHAN-HWEI, O.; JIAN-MING L.; HSU, T. W.; SHIAW-YIH T. Simulating typhoon waves by SWAN wave model in coastal waters of Taiwan. Ocean Eng., v. 29, p. 947-971, 2002.
TOLDO JR, E. E.; DILLENBURG, S. R.; CORRÊA, I. C. S.; ALMEIDA, L. E. S. B. Holocene sedimentation in Lagoa dos Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J. Coast. Res., v. 16, n. 3, p. 816-822, 2000.
TOLMAN, H. L. User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 1.15. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB.: Technical Note 151, 1997. 97 p.
TOLMAN, H. L. User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 1.18. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB.: Technical Note 166, 1999. 110 p.
WESTHUYSEN, A. J. VAN DER.; ZIJLEMA, M.; BATTJES, J. A. Nonlinear saturation-based whitecapping dissipation in SWAN for deep and shallow water. Coast. Eng., v. 54, n. 2, p. 151-170, 2007.
WOOD, D. J.; MUTTRAY, M.; OUMERACI, H. The SWAN model used to study wave evolution in a flume. Ocean Eng., v. 28, p. 805-823, 2001.
ZEIGLER, J. M. Some observations and measurements of wind driven circulation in a shallow coastal lagoon. In: LAGUNAS COSTERAS, UN SIMPOSIO, 1., 1969, México, DF. Anais... UNAM - UNESCO, 1969. v. 1, p. 335-339.
ZIJLEMA, M.; WESTHUYSEN, A. J. VAN DER. On convergence behavior and numerical accuracy in stationary SWAN simulations of nearshore wind wave spectra. Coast. Eng., v. 52, p. 237-256, 2005.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
17 Apr 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

History

Received
13 July 2012
Accepted
07 Feb 2013
Reviewed
12 Feb 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] BACHI, F. A.; BARBOZA, E. G.; TOLDO JR, E. E. Estudo da sedimentação do Guaíba. Ecos, v. 17, p. 32-35, 2000.

[2] BHOWMIK, N. G.; STALL, J. B. Circulation patterns in the Fox chain of lakes in Illinois. Wat. Resour. ,v. 14, p. 633-642, 1978.

[3] BURROWS, R.; HEDGES, T. S. The Influence of currents on ocean wave climates. Coast. Eng., v. 9, p. 247-260, 1985.

[4] CAMARGO O. A. Atlas Eólico: Rio Grande do Sul. 2002. Porto Alegre: SEMC - Secretaria de Energia Minas e Comunicações, 2002. 70 p.

[5] CASTELÃO, R. M.; MÖLLER JR., O. O. Sobre a circulação tridimensional forçada por ventos na Lagoa dos Patos. Atlântica, v. 25, n. 2, p. 91-106, 2003.

[6] COLLINS, J. I. Prediction of shallow water spectra. J. Geophys. Res., v. 77, n. 15, p. 2693-2707, 1972.

[7] COUSSIRAT DE ARAÚJO, L. Memória sobre o clima do Rio Grande do Sul. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, 1930. 38 p.

[8] GORMAN, R. M.; NEILSON, C. G. Modelling shallow water wave generation and transformation in an intertidal estuary. Coast. Eng., v. 36, p. 197-217, 1999.

[9] GRUBER, N. L. S.; TOLDO JR.; E. E.; BARBOZA, E. G.; NICOLODI, J. L.; AYUP-ZOUAIN, R. N. A shoreface morphodynamic zonation and the equilibrium profile von the Northern Coastline of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J. Coast. Res, v. SI39, p. 504-508, 2006.

[10] HASSELMANN, K.; BARNETT, T. P.; BOUWS, E.; CARLSON, H.; CARTWRIGHT, D. E.; ENKE, K.; EWING, J. A.; GIENAPP, H. Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP). Deut. Hydrogr. Suppl., v. 8, p. 1-12, 1973.

[11] HOLTHUIJSEN, L. H. SWAN - User manual. Delft: Department of Civil Engineering. Delft University of Technology. 2000. 124 p.

[12] HSU, T. W.; OU, S. H; LIAU, J. M. Hindcasting nearshore wind waves using a FEM code for SWAN. Coast. Eng., v. 52, p. 177-195, 2005.

[13] JIN, K. R.; JI, Z. G. Calibration and verification of a spectral wind - wave model for Lake Okeechobee. Ocean Eng., v. 28, p. 571-584, 2001.

[14] LAYBAUER, L.; BIDONE, E. D. Caracterização textural dos sedimentos de fundo do Lago Guaíba e sua importância em diagnósticos ambientais. Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 28, p. 13-26, 2001.

[15] LIN, W.; SANFORD, L.P.; ALLEVA, B.J.; SCHWAB, D.J. Surface wind wave modeling in Chesapeake Bay. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN WAVE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS, 3., 1998, Virginia. Anais... Virginia, 1998. p. 1048-1062.

[16] LIU, P. C. Assessing wind wave spectrum representations in a shallow lake. Ocean Eng, v. 14, n. 1, p. 39-50, 1987.

[17] LIVI, P. Elementos do clima: o contraste dos tempos frios e quentes. In: MENEGAT, R.; PORTO, M.L.; CARRARO, C. C.; FERNANDES, L. A. D.(Org.). Atlas Ambiental de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. p. 177-184.

[18] MADSEN, O. S.; POON, Y. K.; GRABER, H. C. Spectral wave attenuation by bottom friction: theory. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ENGINEERING, 21., 1998, New York. Anais... New York, 1998. v.1, p. 492-504.

[19] MARTIN, J. L; MCCUTCHEON, S. C. Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality modeling. Ed. Lewis, 1999. 794 p.

[20] MARTINS, I. R.; VILLWOCK, J. L.; MARTINS, L. R.; BEMVENUTI, C.E. The Lagoa dos Patos estuarine ecosystem (RS, Brazil). Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 22, p. 5-44, 1989.

[21] MENEGAT, R.; PORTO, M. L.; CARRARO, C. C.; FERNANDES, L. A. D. Atlas ambiental de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 1998. 237 p.

[22] MOLLER, O. O.; CASTAING, P.; SALOMON, J. C.; LAZURE, P. The influence of local and non local forcing effects on the subtidal circulation of Patos Lagoon. Estuaries, v. 24, n. 2, p. 275-289, 2001.

[23] MORENO, J. A. Clima do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre: Diretoria de Terras e Colonização. Secretaria da Agricultura. 1961. 64 p.

[24] NICOLODI, J. L.; TOLDO JR, E. Beach Morphodynamics: A tool for coastal habitat managers. A case study - Praia de Fora, Itapuã State Park, RS. Natureza & Conservação, v. 1, p. 66-75, 2003.

[25] NICOLODI, J. L.; TOLDO JR. E. E.; FARINA, L. Dinâmica e ressuspensão por ondas no Lago Guaíba e suas implicações nos locais de captação de água para abastecimento humano. Pesquisa Geociênc., v. 37, p. 47-61, 2010.

[26] NUMMEDAL, D.; SONNENFELD, D. L.; TAYLOR, K. Sediment transport and Morphology at the surf zone of Presque Isle, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania. Mar. Geol., v. 60, p. 99-122, 1984.

[27] OU, S. H.; LIAU, J. M.; HSU, T. W.; TZANG, S. Y. Simulating typhoon waves by SWAN wave model in coastal waters of Taiwan. Ocean Eng.,v. 29, p. 947-971, 2002.

[28] PLAN, N. G.; HOLLAND, K. T.; PULEO, J. A. Analysis of the scale of errors in nearshore bathymetric data. Mar. Geol., v. 191, p. 71-86, 2002.

[29] PIRES-SILVA, A. A.; MAKARYNSKYY, O.; MONBALIU, J.; VENTURA-SOARES, C.; COELHO, E.. Wam/Swan simulations in an open coast: Comparisons with ADCP Measurements. Littoral, The changing coast. EUROCOAST / EUCC, Porto-Portugal: EUROCOAST, 2002

[30] RESIO, D. T.; HIIPAKKA, L. W. Great Lakes wave information. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ENGINEERING, 15.,1976. ASCE. Proc ... ASCE, 1976. v. 1, p. 92-112.

[31] RIS, R.C.; BOOIJ, N.; HOLTHUIJSEN, L. H. A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. Part II: Verification. J. Geogr. Res., v. 104, n. C4, p. 7667-7682, 1999.

[32] ROGERS, W. E.; HWANG AND, P. A.; WANG, D. W. Investigation of wave growth and decay in the SWAN model: three regional-scale applications. J.Phys. Oceanogr., v. 33, p. 366-389, 2003.

[33] RUSU, E.; VENTURA SOARES, C.; PIRES SILVA, A.; PINTO, J. P.; MAKARYNSKYY. O. Near real time assessment of the wave propagation in the coastal environment of Portugal Littoral, The changing coast. EUROCOAST / EUCC, Porto-Portugal: EUROCOAST, 2002

[34] SCHWAB, D. J.; BENNETT, J. R.; LIU, P. C.; DONELAN, M. A. Application of a simple numerical wave prediction model to Lake Eire. J. Geophys. Res., v. 89, p. 3586-3592, 1984.

[35] SHAN-HWEI, O.; JIAN-MING L.; HSU, T. W.; SHIAW-YIH T. Simulating typhoon waves by SWAN wave model in coastal waters of Taiwan. Ocean Eng., v. 29, p. 947-971, 2002.

[36] TOLDO JR, E. E.; DILLENBURG, S. R.; CORRÊA, I. C. S.; ALMEIDA, L. E. S. B. Holocene sedimentation in Lagoa dos Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J. Coast. Res., v. 16, n. 3, p. 816-822, 2000.

[37] TOLMAN, H. L. User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 1.15. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB.: Technical Note 151, 1997. 97 p.

[38] TOLMAN, H. L. User manual and system documentation of WAVEWATCH-III version 1.18. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB.: Technical Note 166, 1999. 110 p.

[39] WESTHUYSEN, A. J. VAN DER.; ZIJLEMA, M.; BATTJES, J. A. Nonlinear saturation-based whitecapping dissipation in SWAN for deep and shallow water. Coast. Eng., v. 54, n. 2, p. 151-170, 2007.

[40] WOOD, D. J.; MUTTRAY, M.; OUMERACI, H. The SWAN model used to study wave evolution in a flume. Ocean Eng., v. 28, p. 805-823, 2001.

[41] ZEIGLER, J. M. Some observations and measurements of wind driven circulation in a shallow coastal lagoon. In: LAGUNAS COSTERAS, UN SIMPOSIO, 1., 1969, México, DF. Anais... UNAM - UNESCO, 1969. v. 1, p. 335-339.

[42] ZIJLEMA, M.; WESTHUYSEN, A. J. VAN DER. On convergence behavior and numerical accuracy in stationary SWAN simulations of nearshore wind wave spectra. Coast. Eng., v. 52, p. 237-256, 2005.