Towards the micropropagation of <i>Euphorbia cyathophora</i> Murray: a wild plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential

Rodríguez-Elizalde, María de los Ángeles; Ferrera-Cerrato, Ronald; Hernández, Mateo Vargas; León, María Teresa Beryl Colinas y; González, Alejandro Manzo; Alarcón, Alejandro

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180716

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BIOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 49 (9) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180716 copy

Towards the micropropagation of Euphorbia cyathophora Murray: a wild plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential

Micropropagação de Euphorbia cyathophora Murray: uma especie de planta selvagem com potencial medicinal e ornamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Euphorbia cyathophora Murray is a plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential but whose in vitro propagation is unknown. Two experiments were performed to know 1) the effect of light (WL) at 25±2 °C and 20 μmol m-2 s-1 luminous intensity, or darkness at 20±2 °C, for the first 20 days and subsequent placement in light (DKL) as previously described, and 2) the best combination of plant growth regulators: benzyl amino purine (BAP), kynetin (KIN), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and the effect of both light conditions. The DKL treatment did not promote the growth of leaves, cotyledons, or plantlet height; in contrast, WL produced a more developed root system with early appearance of tertiary roots. In regards to the interaction of plant regulators and light effect, only the treatment with 1 mg BAP L-1 and 0.1 mg NAA L-1 generated shoots in both light conditions (DKL and WL). Darkness (DKL) generated more indirect greatest morphogenic responses (callus formation).

Key words:
Euphorbiaceae; in vitro culture; phytohormones; light conditions

Authorship

María de los Ángeles Rodríguez-Elizalde

Área de Microbiología, Postgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230, Montecillo, México. Colegio de PostgraduadosMexicoMontecillo, MexicoÁrea de Microbiología, Postgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230, Montecillo, México.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-4326

Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-0172

Mateo Vargas Hernández

Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.Universidad Autónoma ChapingoMexicoTexcoco, MexicoDepartamento de Suelos, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-3242

María Teresa Beryl Colinas y León

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.Universidad Autónoma ChapingoMexicoTexcoco, MexicoDepartamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-5928

Alejandro Manzo González

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-4203

Alejandro Alarcón ^*E-mail: aalarconcp@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-7751

E-mail: aalarconcp@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

All authors contributed equally for the conception and writing of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved of the final version.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.Universidad Autónoma ChapingoMexicoTexcoco, MexicoDepartamento de Suelos, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, México.

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Number of shoots (A) and shoot length (B) of Euphorbia cyathophora with light conditions (WL) and stimulation of darkness (DKL), only obtained in the treatment with 1.0 mg BAP L^-1 + 0.1 mg NAA L^-1, during 70 days. Individual statistical analysis was performed for every sampling date. Different letters represent significant differences between light condition treatments (Tukey, α = 0.05). Means + standard error. n = 18.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Morphological expression of Euphorbia cyathophora explants as an effect of the application of growth regulators, light conditions (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL), at 10 (A), 20 (B), 40 (C), 70 days (D) 70. BAP = benzyl amino purine, KIN = kinetin, 2iP = 2-isopentenyl adenine and TDZ = thidiazuron. Individual statistical analysis was performed for each sampling date, and asterisks denote significant differences between light condition treatments (Tukey, α = 0.05), n = 18.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
(A) Shoots of Euphorbia cyathophora grown in MS medium added with 1.0 mg L^-1 BAP; (B) Callus formation (morphological expression) in treatment with 0.1 mg L^-1 BAP, and (C) Root development in the treatment with 0.1 mg L^-1 TDZ. Explants were grown under light conditions (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL) during 90 days.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Morphological parameters of Euphorbia cyathophora with light (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL).

Thumbnail

Table 2
Number of roots and root length of Euphorbia cyathophora with light (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL).

Figure 1 Number of shoots (A) and shoot length (B) of Euphorbia cyathophora with light conditions (WL) and stimulation of darkness (DKL), only obtained in the treatment with 1.0 mg BAP L^-1 + 0.1 mg NAA L^-1, during 70 days. Individual statistical analysis was performed for every sampling date. Different letters represent significant differences between light condition treatments (Tukey, α = 0.05). Means + standard error. n = 18.

Figure 2 Morphological expression of Euphorbia cyathophora explants as an effect of the application of growth regulators, light conditions (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL), at 10 (A), 20 (B), 40 (C), 70 days (D) 70. BAP = benzyl amino purine, KIN = kinetin, 2iP = 2-isopentenyl adenine and TDZ = thidiazuron. Individual statistical analysis was performed for each sampling date, and asterisks denote significant differences between light condition treatments (Tukey, α = 0.05), n = 18.

Figure 3 (A) Shoots of Euphorbia cyathophora grown in MS medium added with 1.0 mg L^-1 BAP; (B) Callus formation (morphological expression) in treatment with 0.1 mg L^-1 BAP, and (C) Root development in the treatment with 0.1 mg L^-1 TDZ. Explants were grown under light conditions (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL) during 90 days.

Table 1 Morphological parameters of Euphorbia cyathophora with light (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL).

Plant parameters	Light conditions	------------------------------------------------Days------------------------------------------------
		8	12	15	19	26	41	48
Width of cotyledons (cm)	WL	0.00	0.10 a	0.24 a	0.26 a	0.39 a	0.50 a	0.51 a
	DKL	0.00	0.05 a	0.17 a	0.21 a	0.21 a	0.21 b	0.21 b
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	0	0.176	0.210	0.244	0.280	0.267	0.265
Leaf number	WL	0.00	0.00	1.00 a	1.00 a	2.00 a	4.00 a	5.71 a
	DKL	0.00	0.00	0.00 b	0.43 a	1.14 a	1.86 a	2.57 a
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	0	0	0.824	0.934	1.607	2.623	3.544
Leaf width (cm)	WL	0.00	0.00	0.11 a	0.16 a	0.27 a	0.41 a	0.64 a
	DKL	0.00	0.00	0.00 b	0.11 a	0.20 a	0.24 a	0.27 b
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	0	0	0.100	0.173	0.255	0.283	0.354
Leaf length (cm)	WL	0.00	0.00	0.11 a	0.63 a	0.91 a	1.09 a	1.29 a
	DKL	0.00	0.00	0.00 b	0.13 a	0.39 a	0.44 a	0.54 b
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	0	0	0.100	0.510	0.676	0.701	0.737
Plant height (cm)	WL	2.71 a	3.64a	4.39 a	5.73a	7.86 a	10.71 a	13.00 a
	DKL	0.59 b	1.33 a	1.83 a	2.64 a	3.41 a	4.86 a	5.64 a
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	1.99	2.65	3.15	3.82	4.75	6.81	7.73
Number of roots	WL	0.85 a	0.85 a	1.42 a	2.28 a	2.42 a	2.42 a	2.57 a
	DKL	0.57 a	0.57 a	1.28 a	1.28 a	1.28 a	1.42 a	1.85 a
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	0.53	0.53	1.01	1.29	1.21	1.23	1.44
Root length (cm)	WL	1.75 a	2.85 a	4.24 a	7.02 a	11.85 a	14.28 a	15.28 a
	DKL	1.28 a	1.71 a	2.4 a	3.54 a	4.29 a	5.92 b	6.78 b
	HSD_{(α= 0.05)}	1.53	2.10	2.93	4.65	7.35	7.77	8.46

HSD = Honest Significant Difference. Different letters in the same parameters and columns represent significant differences (Tukey, α = 0.05) between WL and DKL conditions. n = 7.

Table 2 Number of roots and root length of Euphorbia cyathophora with light (WL) and darkness-light conditions (DKL).

Parameter		---------------------------------------------------Number of roots-------------------------------------------------
Days		------------10-----------		------------20-----------		------------40-----------		------------70-----------
Light conditions		WL	DKL	WL	DKL	WL	DKL	WL	DKL
BAP (mg L^-1)	0.05	1.16cd	1.16cd	1.66de	1.50de	2.00de	1.66e	2.00de	1.66e
	0.1	0.00d	0.00d	0.00e	0.00e	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f
	1.0	1.50bc	0.00d	1.50de	9.00a	1.50ef	9.00a	1.50ef	9.00a
KIN (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00d	1.00cd	0.00e	2.16cd	0.00f	2.50cde	0.00f	2.50cde
	0.1	0.00d	0.00d	0.00e	0.00e	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f
	1.0	0.00d	0.00d	0.00e	2.33cd	0.00f	2.33de	0.00f	2.66cde
2iP (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00d	2.66ab	0.00e	2.66cd	0.00f	2.66cde	0.00f	3.00cde
	0.1	0.00d	0.00d	1.83d	3.00cd	1.83de	3.33cd	1.83e	3.50bcd
	1.0	0.00d	0.00d	0.00e	2.66cd	0.00f	3.33cd	0.00f	3.50bcd
TDZ (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00d	3.00a	0.00e	3.83be	0.00f	4.00bc	0.00f	4.00bc
	0.1	0.00d	4.00a	1.50de	5.00a	1.50ef	5.00b	1.50ef	5.00b
	1.0	0.00d	0.00d	0.00e	0.00e	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f	0.00f
Control		1.33bcd	0.00d	2.00d	0.00e	2.00de	0.00f	2.00de	0.00f
HSD_{(α= 0.05)}		------------1.47--------		-----------1.68----------		-----------1.63---------		------------1.58---------
Parameter		--------------------------------------------------------Root length--------------------------------------------------
Days		------------10-----------		------------20-----------		-----------40----------		------------70------------
Light conditions		WL	DKL	WL	DKL	WL	DKL	WL	DKL
BAP (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.20cd	0.40b	0.63b	0.45bcd	0.75bc	0.66c	0.75bcd	1.16cd
	0.1	0.00e	0.00e	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00h	0.00h
	1.0	0.20cd	0.00e	0.20ef	0.28def	0.20fg	0.28ef	0.20fgh	0.28defgh
KIN (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00e	0.10de	0.00g	0.45bcd	0.00g	0.50cde	0.00h	0.55cdefg
	0.1	0.00e	0.00e	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00h	0.00h
	1.0	0.00e	0.00e	0.00g	0.28def	0.00g	0.61cd	0.00h	0.98abc
2iP (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00e	0.33bc	0.00g	0.50bc	0.00g	0.58cd	0.00h	0.71bcde
	0.1	0.00e	0.00e	0.13fg	0.23ef	0.16fg	0.23efg	0.16gh	0.23efgh
	1.0	0.00e	0.00e	0.00g	0.50bc	0.00g	0.98ab	0.00h	1.13ab
TDZ (mg L^-1)	0.05	0.00e	0.82a	0.00g	0.91a	0.00g	1.08a	0.00h	1.33a
	0.1	0.00e	0.23cd	0.20ef	0.36cde	0.20fg	0.36def	0.20fgh	0.71bcde
	1.0	0.00e	0.00e	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00g	0.00h	0.00h
Control		0.20cd	0.00e	0.23ef	0.00g	0.56cd	0.00g	1.26a	0.00h
HSD_{(α= 0.05)}		-----------0.14----------		-----------0.18----------		---------0.26----------		-----------0.51------------

BAP = benzyl amino purine, KIN = kinetin, 2iP = 2-isopentenyl adenine, and TDZ = thidiazuron. HSD = Honest Significant Difference; Different letters in the same treatment, light conditions and sampling time, represent significant differences (Tukey, α= 0.05), n = 18.

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Towards the micropropagation of <i>Euphorbia cyathophora</i> Murray: a wild plant species with medicinal and ornamental potential

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[1] E-mail: aalarconcp@gmail.com. *Corresponding author.