<i>Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students</i> (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results

Nogueira, Patrícia Simone; Ferreira, Márcia Gonçalves; Rodrigues, Paulo Rogério Melo; Muraro, Ana Paula; Pereira, Lídia Pitaluga; Pereira, Rosangela Alves

doi:10.1590/0102-311X00145917

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METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES • Cad. Saúde Pública 34 (4) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00145917 linkcopy

Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results

Estudo Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida e Saúde em Estudantes Universitários (ELESEU): delineamento, procedimentos metodológicos e resultados preliminares

Estudio Longitudinal sobre el Estilo de Vida y la Salud de Estudiantes Universitarios (ELESEU): diseño, procedimientos metodológicos, y resultados preliminares

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstracts

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.

Keywords:
Students; Universities; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies

Type of information	Method/Variables	Categories	Reference
Demographic data	Age	Years
	Gender	Male/female
	IBGE/Race-skin color	White, black, mulatto (pardo), Asian, Native	IBGE ²⁰
Socioeconomic data	Administrative category of high school	Federal public school, state public school, municipal public school, or private school
	Currently resides with	Alone, parents, relatives, or other
	Access to the internet at home	Yes or no
	ABEP/Economic class	A, B, C, D-E, with “A” being the highest and "D-E," the lowest	ABEP ²¹
	Parents’ level of education	< 9 years (incomplete elementary school), 9 to 12 years (complete elementary school/incomplete high school), and > 12 years (complete high school)
Food consumption and food-related habits	Screening	Healthy and unhealthy eating habits markers	Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde ⁵²
	Factors that influence food consumption are identified	Aspects, and sensory, cultural, social, economic, and alimentary habits	Kearney et al. ²² Estima ²³
	Products consumed while watching television, playing video games or using the computer *	List of 10 products
	Frequency of meals consumption *	Daily, 5-6 times/week, 3-4 times/week, 1-2 times/week and never/almost never
	Place of meals consumption *	Usually does not eat, at home, at school/university, snack bar, bar-restaurant, others
	Diet practice	Yes or no List of 10 activities performed to lose or gain weight
	Frequency of meals consumption at the University Restaurant	6 times/week, 5 times/week, 4 times/week, 3 times/week, 2 times/week, 1 time/week and never/almost never
	Diet	Very good, good, regular, bad, and very poor
	24hR		Conway et al. ²⁴
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors	IPAQ/Physical activity level *	Very active, active, insufficiently active (a and b), sedentary	Matsudo et al. ²⁵
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors	Sedentary habits	3 hours or more/day as excessive computer use, and 4 hours or more/day as excessive use of television	Hickman et al. ²⁶
Consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking	Experimentation	Age; or never experienced
	Consumption in the last 30 days *	Days/Month	Moura & Malta ²⁷
	Abusive alcohol consumption in the last 30 days	Days/Month	Moura & Malta ²⁷
	Intake of ethanol in the last 7 days	Grams	Ferreira et al. ²⁸
	Current smoking	Days/Month	WHO ²⁹
	Time of exposure to tobacco		Reichert et al. ³⁰
	Number of cigarettes smoked/day		Reichert et al. ³⁰
	Use of tobacco and alcohol in the year prior to admission in the university *	Yes/No
	Drink at least one dose of alcoholic beverage	Days/Month
Body image and self-perception of weight status	Appearance-healthy	List of 9 figures	Stunkard et al. ⁴⁴
Body image and self-perception of weight status	Self-perception of weight condition	Above normal, normal, below normal, do not know
Assessment of sleeping habits	Hours of sleep *
	ESE-BR/Disorders	Excessive daytime sleepiness	Bertolazi et al. ⁴⁵
	PSQI-BR/Habits-quality	Hours, minutes, none in the last month, less than once/week, 1 or 2 times/week, 3 or more times/week	Bertolazi et al. ⁴⁶
Emotional stress and depression	Perception of stress	Never, almost never, sometimes, fairly often, very often	Reis et al. ⁴⁷
Emotional stress and depression	PHQ-9/Depression episodes	Not once, several days, more than half the days, almost everyday	Santos et al. ⁴⁸
Disordered eating habits	Binge eating methods of weight control or gain compensatory mechanisms to food intake	Not once, less than once a week, once a week, two or more times a week	Ferreira & Veiga ⁴⁹
Promptness to behavior change	Transtheoretical model: eating pattern, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity	Preconception, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance	Prochaska et al. ⁵⁰
Self-assessment of health status	Health status	Very good, good, regular, bad, and very poor	Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde⁵²
Self-assessment of health status	Reported morbidity	Hypertension or high blood pressure, diabetes, high serum cholesterol or triglycerides, none of the conditions, others, and which ones	Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde⁵²

	Cohort 2015				Cohort 2016
	Baseline		Follow-up *		Baseline **
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	495	100	348	100	543	100
Gender
Male	267	54	179	51	262	48
Female	228	46	169	49	281	52
Age group (years)
16-17	125	25	93	27	76	14
18-19	264	53	185	53	353	65
≥ 20	106	21	70	20	114	21
Skin color/race
White	203	41	145	42	213	39
Black	55	11	39	11	64	12
Brown/Yellow/Indian	237	48	164	47	264	49
Economic class
A (higher)	99	21	71	30	93	18
B	234	48	176	51	258	49
C-D and E (lower)	151	31	98	28	179	34
Education of the head of the family (years)
< 9	75	16	50	14	88	18
9-12	191	40	132	38	170	35
> 12	218	45	163	47	233	48
Mother’s education (years)
< 9	61	12	38	11	65	12
9-12	197	40	133	38	210	39
> 12	232	47	174	50	262	49

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[TFN1] 24hR: 24-hours dietary recall; ABEP: Brazilian Associated of Research Companies; ESE-BR: Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Brazil; IBGE: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSQI-BR: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index-Brazil;

[TFN2] * Variables obtained for the years prior and after admission to the university.