A space for the psychiatric and mental health nursing
Rosane Mara Pontes de OliveiraI
IPhD of the Research Nucleus in Hospital Nursing and Associate Teacher of the Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, of the Anna Nery School of Nursing; and Associate Director of the Academic-Scientific Development Division of the Hospital School São Francisco de Assis, of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Conceived in the end of 19TH Century, the Psychiatric Nursing is characterized in Brazil as an assistance hospital model that disciplines the care to the mental patient, until today existing in the country as classic psychiatric model, despite the movement of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation that demarcates a new time. At the same time, the Nursing in Mental Health walks in a direction to overcome this paradigm, to "invent" new possibilities of care when giving voice to the citizen, coming back toward to this citizen, their history and subjectivity, and no more and only for the symptoms.
This epistemological rupture proposed for all the "psy" areas is configured in the Nursing by the transformation itself of the object of the Psychiatric Nursing, that leaves of being the illness and return itself for the inserted citizen in the social context. Thus, the Mental Health Nursing is characterized by the transition of a hospital practice to discipline the behavior of the "mental patient", for a practice based in new principles.
In the practice of the Psychiatric Nursing, many interventions have in the biomedical model a guide for the advances in the Neuroscience and the psychopharmacs. Concomitantly, it is observed an increasing worry with the social and cultural values, family, leisure, work and house of the "mental patient". We consider that to make possible this perspective still represents a huge challenge in the daily of the institutional practice and of the society in general, once that contradictory processes are simultaneously started. Therefore, this is a critical period for the profession, but also it is an extremely favorable period for the knowledge construction and analyses on the processes of take care of, teach and research in this area.
To share reflections about these questions is the proposal of this thematic number. The objectives established for the organization of this number had been: (a) to extend the literature in the scope of the Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health; and (b) to offer a space for spreading of the works that has being developed in the Psychiatric Nursing and in Mental Health, in the Brazilian context. The idea of this number was immediately accepted for the Deliberative Board of the Journal, aiming the necessity of to increase its regularity in function of the increasing demand of manuscripts and the recognition of the property and relevancy of the initiative of a number that enclosed this subject. And the initiative was supported finacing by the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation of Support to the Research of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).
In this number of the Journal it is evident the diversity of thoughts and actions around specific interests of the Psychiatric Nursing and of Mental Health. In the first block, the articles analyze the history of Psychiatry and its influence in the models of to take care of the Psychiatric Nursing; the total institutions and the formation process in health politics; and the contribution of the movement of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation and the Psychosocial Rehabilitation for the Nursing.
A second group of articles approaches the challenge of to work with the new devices of care, specifically in the Centers of Psychosocial Attention (CAPS), and the contribution of the domiciliary visit and the Program of Health of the Family, as technologies of care and spaces of exchange among professional, family and user. One third set of articles analyzes the education and the process of formation of the nurses; and the challenge of to teach from articulated practice experiences with the municipal and state net of health. Still it is debated one another article, the leadership in Psychiatric Nursing for the ethical management and of quality of the care.
In synthesis, in this number the authors deal with questions related to the education, to the research and to the care. Therefore, the Anna Nery School Journal of Nursing brings inestimable contributions to the known of the Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health and why not to say, for the society. What we desire with this thematic number is to excite reflections about this area, and this is a collective task, as is evidenced for the representation of the institutions and regions of the country involved in the articles that compose it.
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
02 Dec 2009 -
Date of issue
Dec 2006
