Deterioration of Teak Wood in Accelerated Decay Test

Oliveira, Weslley Candido de; Pereira, Bárbara Luísa Corradi; Goes, Leonora Stéfani de Assis; Quintilhan, Manolo Trindade; Oliveira, Aylson Costa; Môra, Rômulo

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.036017

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Original Article, Wood Science and Technology • Floresta Ambient. 26 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.036017 copy

Deterioration of Teak Wood in Accelerated Decay Test

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the biological resistance of teak (Tectona grandis) heartwood and sapwood to the action of Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum fungi in laboratory accelerated decay assays. The mass loss evaluation of the samples was performed periodically. The heartwood presented a higher percentage of extractives and the sapwood of holocelluloses. The sapwood and heartwood subjected to the fungus Gloephyllum trabeum remained stable. For the Trametes versicolor fungus, there was an increasing loss of mass over time for both regions, presenting a mass loss of 40% for the sapwood and of 20% for the heartwood at the conclusion of the assay. Teak wood was classified as highly resistant to the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, and moderately resistant to Trametes versicolor.

Keywords:
tectona grandis; natural durability; biological test

Mean mass loss (%)	Mean residual mass (%)	Resistance class
0 to 10	90 to 100	Very resistant
11 to 24	76 to 89	Resistant
25 to 44	56 to 75	Moderately resistant
45 or more	55 or less	Little resistance or non- resistant

Variation sources	Degree of freedom	Sum of squares	Squared means	F – calculated
Treatment – a (Wood)	1	792.3500	792.3500	263.2057^ Significant at level 1% of probability (p < 0.01).
Residue – a	4	12.0415	3.0103
Parcels	5	804.3915
Treatment – b (Fungus)	1	2,511.4133	2,511.4133	806.1039**
Int. (a × b)	1	694.7930	694.7930	233.0120**
Residue – b	4	12.4619	3.1155
Sub-parcels	11	4,023.0598
Treatment – c (Time)	3	1,166.1878	388.7292	61.6344**
Int. (a × c)	3	107.5490	35.8497	5.6841**
Int. (b × c)	3	1,051.4751	350.4917	55.5717**
Int. (a × b × c)	3	99.6768	33.2256	5.2680**
Residue – c	24	151.3648	6.3070
Total	47	6,599.3172

Wood	*Trametes versicolor*	*Gloeophyllum trabeum*
Sapwood	40.80 aA	2.23 aB
Heartwood	18.90 bA	1.72 aB

Wood	Time (days)
Wood	21	42	63	84
Sapwood	4.43 aD	10.94 aC	16.18 aB	21.54 aA
Heartwood	1.21 bB	2.45 bB	6.57 bA	10.35 bA

Fungus	Time (days)
Fungus	21	42	63	84
Trametes versicolor	4.30 aD	11.33 aC	20.25 aB	29.89 aA
Gloeophyllum trabeum	1.34 bA	2.07 bA	2.50 bA	2.00 bA

Wood	Fungus	Mass loss (%)	Resistance class
Sapwood	T. versicolor	40.8 a	Moderately resistance
Heartwood	T. versicolor	18.9 b	Resistant
Sapwood	G. trabeum	2.27 c	Very Resistant
Heartwood	G. trabeum	1.73 c	Very Resistant

Material	Total Lignin (%)	Total Extractives (%)	Holocelluloses (%)
Sapwood	32.42 a	4.89 b	62.69 a
Heartwood	32.87 a	7.18 a	59.95 b

Material	Fungus	Initial density (g/m^–3)	Final density (g/m^–3)	Density loss (%)
Sapwood	T. versicolor	0.47 a	0.24 b	48.9
Sapwood	G. trabeum	0.48 a	0.42 b	12.5
Heartwood	T. versicolor	0.50 a	0.37 b	26.1
Heartwood	G. trabeum	0.52 a	0.46 b	11.5

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[1] Weslley Candido OliveiraUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil e-mail: wcoflorestal@gmail.com