Análise de viabilidade econômica da participação de cooperativas populares na cadeia de fornecimento de óleo residual de fritura a fábricas de biodiesel

Guabiroba, Ricardo César da Silva; D'Agosto, Márcio de Almeida; Franca, Luíza Santana

doi:10.1590/2238-1031.jtl.v8n4a7

Resumos

O óleo residual de fritura (ORF) é a matéria-prima mais barata para a produção de biodiesel. É uma prática de cooperativas populares a coleta e o agrupamento do ORF de modo a gerar escala de fornecimento a fábricas de biodiesel. No entanto, para a sobrevivência e atuação dessas cooperativas, estas devem gerar lucro. Assim sendo, este artigo tem como contribuição a estruturação e a apresentação de um procedimento composto por quatro etapas, voltado a auxiliar cooperativas populares quanto à análise de geração de lucro referente à operação de coleta do ORF. Esse procedimento foi aplicado à realidade de uma associação de cooperativas localizada na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A partir dessa aplicação, verificou-se que se a coleta fosse realizada de modo planejado a partir de um software de roteirização, o seu custo teria uma redução de quase 34% em relação ao custo real praticado e a associação de cooperativas estaria apta a gerar lucro, mesmo se o preço do ORF atingisse seu menor preço de mercado, estando protegida contra variações de preço estabelecidas pelo mercado.

óleo residual de fritura; cooperativas; biodiesel; viabilidade econômica de cooperativas

The residual oil frying (ROF) is the cheapest raw material for biodiesel production. The collection and grouping of ROF is a popular practice of cooperatives, that's supply biodiesel plants. However, for the survival and performance of these cooperatives, these should generate profit. Therefore, this article represents a contribution by structuring and presentation a procedure of four stages, consisting in assist popular cooperatives in the analysis of generating profit by the ROF's collection and operation. This procedure was applied in an association of cooperatives located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. From this application, it was concluded that the collection should planned by a software routing and her cost would have a reduction of almost 34% over the actual cost applied and the association of cooperatives would be able to generate profits and will be protected against market fluctuations, even if the price of ROF reached its lowest market price.

residual frying oil; cooperatives; biodiesel; economic viability of cooperatives

Alvarez, J. V. L., Larrucea, M. A., Quero, S. F. C. e Valle, A. J. (2008) Optimizing the collection of used paper from small businesses through GIS techniques: The Leganés case (Madrid, Spain). Waste Management, vol. 28, pp. 282-293.
Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis -ANP (2010) Resumo 19 leilões ANP. p. 4, Novembro, 2010. Rio de Janeiro: ANP. Disponível em www.anp.gov.br
Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis -ANP (2010) Boletim mensal do biodiesel, pp. 8-9, Setembro, 2010. Rio de Janeiro: ANP. Disponível em www.anp.gov.br
Apostolakou, A. A., Kookos, I. K., Marazioti, C. e Angelopoulos, K. C. (2009) Techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel production process from vegetable oils. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, pp. 1023-1031.
Araujo, V. K. W. S., Hamacher, S. e Scavarda, L. F. (2010) Economic assessment of biodiesel production from waste frying oils. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 4415-4422.
Atadashi, I. M., Aroua, M. K. e Aziz, A. A. (2011) Biodiesel separation and purification: A review. Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 437-443.
Banerjee, A. e Chakraborty, R. (2009) Parametric sensitivity in transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production -A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 53, pp. 490-497.
Basha, S. A., Gopal, K. R. e Jebaraj, S. (2009) A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 1628-1634.
Bhatti, H. N., Hanif, M. A., Qasim, M. e Ata-ur-Rehman (2008) Biodiesel production from waste tallow. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 2961-2966.
Chen, Y., Xiao, B., Chang, J., Fu, Y., Lv, P. e Wang, X. (2009) Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using immobilized lipase in fixed bed reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 668-673.
Corro, G., Tellez, N., Jimenez, T., Tapia, A., Banuelos, F. e Vazquez-Cuchillo , O. (2010) Biodiesel from waste frying oil. Two step process using acidified SiO2 for esterification step. Catalysis Today, vol. 166, pp. 116-122.
Demirbas, A. (2009) Biodiesel from waste cooking oil via base-catalytic and supercritical methanol transesterification. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 923-927.
European Biodiesel Board - EBB (2010) European Biodiesel Board Statistics, Brussels.
Ghose, M. K., Dikshit, A. K. e Sharma, S. K. (2006). A GIS based transportation model for solid waste disposal - A case study on Asansol municipality. Waste Management, vol. 26, pp. 1287-1293.
Glisic, S., Lukic, I. e Skala, D. (2009) Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 6347-6354.
Haas, M. J., McAloon, A. J., Yee, W. C. e Foglia, T. A. (2006) A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs. Bioresource Technology, vol. 97, pp. 671-678.
Han, M., Yi, W., Wu, Q., Liu, Y., Hong, Y. e Wang, D. (2009) Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils catalyzed by a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 2308-2310.
Hayyan, M., Mjalli, F. S., Hashim, M. A. e Alnashef, I. M. (2010) A novel technique for separating glycerine from palm oil-based biodiesel using ionic liquids. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 91, pp. 116-120.
Helwani, Z., Othman, M. R., Aziz, N., Fernando, W. J. N. e Kim, J. (2009) Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, pp. 1502-1514.
Hwang, J. J. (2010) Promotional policy for renewable energy development in Taiwan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, pp. 1079-1087.
IBP - Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis/COPPE/COPPEAD (2007) Projeto: Aspectos Técnicos e Logísticos para a Produção de Biodiesel no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
International Energy Agency -IEA (2008) World Energy Outlook Part A: Global Energy Trends to 2030 - Chapter 7: Renewable Energy Outlook, p. 173, 174 and 175.
Issariyakul, T., Kulkarni, M. G., Meher, L. C., Dalai, A. K. e Bakhshi, N. N. (2008) Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 140, pp. 77-85.
Jegannathan, K. R., Eng-Seng, C. e Ravindra, P. (2011) Economic assessment of biodiesel production: Comparison of alkali and biocatalyst processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 745-751.
Karabulut, A., Gedik, E., Keçebas, A. e Alkan, M. A. (2010) An investigation on renewable energy education at the university level in Turkey. Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 1293-1397.
Leduc, S., Natarajan, K., Dotzauer, E., McCallum, I. e Obersteiner, M. (2009) Optimizing biodiesel production in India. Applied Energy, vol. 86, pp. S125-S131.
Liu, S., McDonald, T. e Wang, Y. (2010) Producing biodiesel from high free fatty acids waste cooking oil assisted by radio frequency heating. Fuel, vol. 89, pp. 2735-2740.
Marchetti, J. M. e Errazu, A. F. (2008) Technoeconomic study of supercritical biodiesel production plant. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 2160-2164.
National Biodiesel Board -NBB (2009) U.S. Biodiesel Production Capacity. Estado Unidos: NBB. Disponível em www.biodiesel.org
Nuortio, T., Kytojoki, J., Niska, H. e Braysy, O. (2006) Improved route planning and scheduling of waste collection and transport. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 30, pp. 223-232.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development -OECD (2010) Biofuel production 2010-19. Graph: Global biodiesel production by feedstock. Disponível em www.agri-outlook.org
Patil, P., Deng, S., Rhodes, J. I. e Lammers, P. J. (2010) Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using ferric sulfate and supercritical methanol processes. Fuel, vol. 89, pp. 360-364.
Peidong, Z., Yanli, Y., Jin, S., Yonghong, Z., Lisheng, W. e Xinrong, L. (2009) Opportunities and challenges for renewable energy policy in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 439-449.
Phan, A. N. e Phan, T. M. (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3490-3496.
Predojevic, Z. J. (2008) The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: A comparison of different purification steps. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3522-3528.
PROVE (2008) Informações a respeito de empresas e de volumes mensais movimentados de óleo residual de fritura na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Comunicação pessoal, Programa de Reaproveitamento de Óleos Vegetais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro.
Sakai, T., Kawashima, A. e Koshikawa, T. (2009) Economic assessment of batch biodiesel production processes using homogeneous and heterogeneous alkali catalysts. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 3268-3276.
Singh, J., Panesar, B. S. e Sharma, S. K. (2010) A mathematical model for transporting the biomass to biomass based power plant. Biomass and bioenergy, vol. 34, pp. 483-488.
Tarantilis, C. D. (2005) Solving the vehicle routing problem with adaptive memory programming Methodology. Computers & Operations Research, vol. 32, pp. 2309-2327.
Tavares, G., Zsigraiova, Z., Semiao, V. e Carvalho, M. G. (2009) Optimisation of MSW collection routes for minimum fuel consumption using 3D GIS modeling. Waste Management, vol. 29, pp. 1176-1185.
Transporte Moderno (2008) Custos Operacionais. Revista 431, Ano 45, Brasil.
Vicente, G., Martínez, M. e Aracil, J. (2007) Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield. Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 1724-1733.
Wassell Jr., C. S. e Dittmer, T. P. (2006) Are subsidies for biodiesel economically efficient? Energy Policy, vol. 34, pp. 3993-4001.
Wei Li, N., Zong, M. e Wu, Z. (2009) Highly efficient transformation of waste oil to biodiesel by immobilized lipase from Penicillium expansum. Process Biochemistry, vol. 44, pp. 685-688.
Wen, Z., Yu, X., Tu, S., Yan, J. e Dahlquist, E. (2010) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by TiO2-MgO mixed oxides. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 9570-9576.
Zhang, Y., Dubé, M. A., Mclean, D. D. e Kates, M. (2003) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis. Bioresource Technology, vol. 90, pp. 229-240.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
18 Jun 2014
Data do Fascículo
Out 2014

Histórico

Aceito
26 Mar 2014
Recebido
09 Set 2013
Revisado
28 Jan 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Alvarez, J. V. L., Larrucea, M. A., Quero, S. F. C. e Valle, A. J. (2008) Optimizing the collection of used paper from small businesses through GIS techniques: The Leganés case (Madrid, Spain). Waste Management, vol. 28, pp. 282-293.

[2] Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis -ANP (2010) Resumo 19 leilões ANP. p. 4, Novembro, 2010. Rio de Janeiro: ANP. Disponível em www.anp.gov.br

[3] Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis -ANP (2010) Boletim mensal do biodiesel, pp. 8-9, Setembro, 2010. Rio de Janeiro: ANP. Disponível em www.anp.gov.br

[4] Apostolakou, A. A., Kookos, I. K., Marazioti, C. e Angelopoulos, K. C. (2009) Techno-economic analysis of a biodiesel production process from vegetable oils. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, pp. 1023-1031.

[5] Araujo, V. K. W. S., Hamacher, S. e Scavarda, L. F. (2010) Economic assessment of biodiesel production from waste frying oils. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 4415-4422.

[6] Atadashi, I. M., Aroua, M. K. e Aziz, A. A. (2011) Biodiesel separation and purification: A review. Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 437-443.

[7] Banerjee, A. e Chakraborty, R. (2009) Parametric sensitivity in transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production -A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 53, pp. 490-497.

[8] Basha, S. A., Gopal, K. R. e Jebaraj, S. (2009) A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 1628-1634.

[9] Bhatti, H. N., Hanif, M. A., Qasim, M. e Ata-ur-Rehman (2008) Biodiesel production from waste tallow. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 2961-2966.

[10] Chen, Y., Xiao, B., Chang, J., Fu, Y., Lv, P. e Wang, X. (2009) Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using immobilized lipase in fixed bed reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 668-673.

[11] Corro, G., Tellez, N., Jimenez, T., Tapia, A., Banuelos, F. e Vazquez-Cuchillo , O. (2010) Biodiesel from waste frying oil. Two step process using acidified SiO2 for esterification step. Catalysis Today, vol. 166, pp. 116-122.

[12] Demirbas, A. (2009) Biodiesel from waste cooking oil via base-catalytic and supercritical methanol transesterification. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, pp. 923-927.

[13] European Biodiesel Board - EBB (2010) European Biodiesel Board Statistics, Brussels.

[14] Ghose, M. K., Dikshit, A. K. e Sharma, S. K. (2006). A GIS based transportation model for solid waste disposal - A case study on Asansol municipality. Waste Management, vol. 26, pp. 1287-1293.

[15] Glisic, S., Lukic, I. e Skala, D. (2009) Biodiesel synthesis at high pressure and temperature: Analysis of energy consumption on industrial scale. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 6347-6354.

[16] Haas, M. J., McAloon, A. J., Yee, W. C. e Foglia, T. A. (2006) A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs. Bioresource Technology, vol. 97, pp. 671-678.

[17] Han, M., Yi, W., Wu, Q., Liu, Y., Hong, Y. e Wang, D. (2009) Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils catalyzed by a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 2308-2310.

[18] Hayyan, M., Mjalli, F. S., Hashim, M. A. e Alnashef, I. M. (2010) A novel technique for separating glycerine from palm oil-based biodiesel using ionic liquids. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 91, pp. 116-120.

[19] Helwani, Z., Othman, M. R., Aziz, N., Fernando, W. J. N. e Kim, J. (2009) Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review. Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, pp. 1502-1514.

[20] Hwang, J. J. (2010) Promotional policy for renewable energy development in Taiwan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, pp. 1079-1087.

[21] IBP - Instituto Brasileiro de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis/COPPE/COPPEAD (2007) Projeto: Aspectos Técnicos e Logísticos para a Produção de Biodiesel no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

[22] International Energy Agency -IEA (2008) World Energy Outlook Part A: Global Energy Trends to 2030 - Chapter 7: Renewable Energy Outlook, p. 173, 174 and 175.

[23] Issariyakul, T., Kulkarni, M. G., Meher, L. C., Dalai, A. K. e Bakhshi, N. N. (2008) Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 140, pp. 77-85.

[24] Jegannathan, K. R., Eng-Seng, C. e Ravindra, P. (2011) Economic assessment of biodiesel production: Comparison of alkali and biocatalyst processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 745-751.

[25] Karabulut, A., Gedik, E., Keçebas, A. e Alkan, M. A. (2010) An investigation on renewable energy education at the university level in Turkey. Renewable Energy, vol. 36, pp. 1293-1397.

[27] Leduc, S., Natarajan, K., Dotzauer, E., McCallum, I. e Obersteiner, M. (2009) Optimizing biodiesel production in India. Applied Energy, vol. 86, pp. S125-S131.

[28] Liu, S., McDonald, T. e Wang, Y. (2010) Producing biodiesel from high free fatty acids waste cooking oil assisted by radio frequency heating. Fuel, vol. 89, pp. 2735-2740.

[29] Marchetti, J. M. e Errazu, A. F. (2008) Technoeconomic study of supercritical biodiesel production plant. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 49, pp. 2160-2164.

[30] National Biodiesel Board -NBB (2009) U.S. Biodiesel Production Capacity. Estado Unidos: NBB. Disponível em www.biodiesel.org

[31] Nuortio, T., Kytojoki, J., Niska, H. e Braysy, O. (2006) Improved route planning and scheduling of waste collection and transport. Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 30, pp. 223-232.

[32] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development -OECD (2010) Biofuel production 2010-19. Graph: Global biodiesel production by feedstock. Disponível em www.agri-outlook.org

[33] Patil, P., Deng, S., Rhodes, J. I. e Lammers, P. J. (2010) Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using ferric sulfate and supercritical methanol processes. Fuel, vol. 89, pp. 360-364.

[34] Peidong, Z., Yanli, Y., Jin, S., Yonghong, Z., Lisheng, W. e Xinrong, L. (2009) Opportunities and challenges for renewable energy policy in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 439-449.

[35] Phan, A. N. e Phan, T. M. (2008) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3490-3496.

[36] Predojevic, Z. J. (2008) The production of biodiesel from waste frying oils: A comparison of different purification steps. Fuel, vol. 87, pp. 3522-3528.

[37] PROVE (2008) Informações a respeito de empresas e de volumes mensais movimentados de óleo residual de fritura na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Comunicação pessoal, Programa de Reaproveitamento de Óleos Vegetais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro.

[38] Sakai, T., Kawashima, A. e Koshikawa, T. (2009) Economic assessment of batch biodiesel production processes using homogeneous and heterogeneous alkali catalysts. Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, pp. 3268-3276.

[39] Singh, J., Panesar, B. S. e Sharma, S. K. (2010) A mathematical model for transporting the biomass to biomass based power plant. Biomass and bioenergy, vol. 34, pp. 483-488.

[40] Tarantilis, C. D. (2005) Solving the vehicle routing problem with adaptive memory programming Methodology. Computers & Operations Research, vol. 32, pp. 2309-2327.

[41] Tavares, G., Zsigraiova, Z., Semiao, V. e Carvalho, M. G. (2009) Optimisation of MSW collection routes for minimum fuel consumption using 3D GIS modeling. Waste Management, vol. 29, pp. 1176-1185.

[42] Transporte Moderno (2008) Custos Operacionais. Revista 431, Ano 45, Brasil.

[43] Vicente, G., Martínez, M. e Aracil, J. (2007) Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield. Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, pp. 1724-1733.

[44] Wassell Jr., C. S. e Dittmer, T. P. (2006) Are subsidies for biodiesel economically efficient? Energy Policy, vol. 34, pp. 3993-4001.

[45] Wei Li, N., Zong, M. e Wu, Z. (2009) Highly efficient transformation of waste oil to biodiesel by immobilized lipase from Penicillium expansum. Process Biochemistry, vol. 44, pp. 685-688.

[46] Wen, Z., Yu, X., Tu, S., Yan, J. e Dahlquist, E. (2010) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil catalyzed by TiO2-MgO mixed oxides. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, pp. 9570-9576.

[47] Zhang, Y., Dubé, M. A., Mclean, D. D. e Kates, M. (2003) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis. Bioresource Technology, vol. 90, pp. 229-240.

Brasil

Brasil

Análise de viabilidade econômica da participação de cooperativas populares na cadeia de fornecimento de óleo residual de fritura a fábricas de biodiesel

Viability analysis of popular cooperatives in the participation of residual frying oil to biodiesel plants supply chain

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico