In the Theodicy, Leibniz presents three different solutions to the sophism of Buridan's Ass, and more generally, to the problem of the liberty of indifference. The first criticizes the idea that, even in a situation of perfect equilibrium and complete absence of a determining reason, men (as opposed to irrational animals) would be able to act. The other two deny the very possibility of perfect equilibrium and symmetry in the universe, such that this sophism looses its meaning.