Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The Sao Paulo Declaration (1998) committed leisure professionals to extending Rights, Inclusion and Social Order in leisure customs and practice. The engine for this intervention consisted of the twin processes of globalization and cosmopolitanism. Both were seen as dissolving economic and political barriers. The Declaration did not make use of the term ‘world society’. On the other hand it clearly defined itself to be part of a global movement that addressed leisure for all. In the last 20 years, the progress made n fulfilling the terms of the Declaration has been disappointing. Economic barriers of wealth inequality and uneven development in globalization and cosmopolitanism have blocked many aspects of the Rights, Inclusion and Order articulated in the Declaration. This paper examines how far globalization and cosmopolitanism have progressed in achieving the principle that ‘all persons have the right to leisure.’ It examines data on wealth inequality, debt and unemployment rates to consider some of the concrete impediments. It concludes by maintaining that there is a need to go beyond the Sao Paulo Declaration by addressing the economic and political barriers that currently prevent leisure from being a right for all.

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Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to verify body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and biochemical markers of prepubertal overweight and obese boys to a 16-week futsal training program. Methods: Sixteen boys (age: 7-10 y, body mass index>thanat 95th percentileaccording to Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 35.5±7.4 percent fat) participated to futsal training program. The assessment of body composition was estimated using skinfold thickness, and the following variables were evaluated: total body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, and lean body mass. Aerobic fitness measurementwas performed by gas exchange analysis in treadmill. In addition, an evaluation of the biochemical profile was conducted: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma concentrations of glucose, and insulin. The futsal intervention included 60-min sessions performed two times/week. The mean intensity during training was between 57 to 88% of maximal heart rate of the age-predicted. Individual portable heart rate monitor controlled training intensity. Results: Significant increases in total body mass (4%), height (3%), lean body mass (8%), and significant 6%-decrease in body fat percentage was observed. Body mass index remained unchanged. Maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (p<0.018) by 11%. Biochemical markers were not modified after intervention. No association was found between body composition and metabolic variables. The effect size of futsal training on most variables was small (<0.5). Conclusion: Controlled intensity and adherence to this 16-week futsal training program were determinant to enhance body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in this group of prepubertal boys.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: We aimed to discuss a case of strength training athlete who competes in international competitions regarding cardiac (dimension and function), vascular (endothelium and vascular resistance), hemodynamic (blood pressure), given limited evidence supporting these cardiovascular adaptations as well as concerning endothelial function in long-term high-intensity strength training. Methods: We assessed heart structure and function (echocardiography); systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); endothelium-dependent vasodilation (flow-mediated dilation, FMD); maximum force tested in the squat, bench press, and deadlift; and maximum oxygen consumption (spirometry). Results: powerlifter’s cardiac dimensions (interventricular septum 13 mm; posterior wall thickness 12 mm; LV diastolic diameter 57 mm; left ventricle mass 383 g; LV mass adjusted by body surface area 151.4 g/m2) are above the proposed cutoff values beyond which pathology may be considered. Moreover, cardiovascular function systolic (ejection fraction by Simpson’s rule, 71%) is preserved and FMD measure is fairly close and above normal; however, a mild increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed (130/89 mmHg, respectively). Conclusion: Cardiac remodeling cannot be viewed as either pathological or harmful to the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, we showed an improvement in endothelial function.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This research aims to determine the effects of a dance program in dialogue with somatic education in psychomotor aspects in a subject with Friedreich ataxia. We used the research method intra-subject BAB design, were phase “B” comprises the treatment phase through interventions with stimuli, and “A” the stimuli are removed. We performed a dance program with 24 interventions on a subject with Friedreich Ataxia, and assessed pre- and post-program through the Monitoring Instrument Learning in Educational Dance. The results showed that the dance program with somatic education can improve the analyzed skills: getting up, sitting, shifting feet, shifting the ground, sitting position, body image, movement rhythm, and fluency movement.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: There is an increased focus on the internationalisation of the learning experiences of university students1. One way this can be achieved is through ‘virtual internationalisation’2, which can be promoted through the use of Online International Learning (OIL) programmes. This article on sport pedagogy investigates the attitudes of sport students to such a programme. Methods: This article uses quantitative and qualitative methods. 63 students completed a survey and wrote reflective reports. Data was collected from a survey of 16 targeted questions addressing the attitudes of students towards the programme. Students also wrote reflective reports on their experiences, allowing for qualitative responses to be analysed. Results: 62% of students surveyed found the internationalised module to have been a worthwhile experience in terms of learning new skills and working with a partner from an institution based in another continent. 65% suggested that they learned skills on the internationalised module they would use again in education and in future employment. Students from European Union countries gave high rates of positive feedback. 100% reported that the module was a worthwhile experience, compared to 60% of UK students and 38% of international students from outside the European Union. Conclusion: 62% of students surveyed stated that they learned new skills, and there was a perceived value to the programme in terms of enhancing employment prospects. Virtual mobilities projects offer a possible method for tutors to give students international experiences, which is important as sport is now a globalised industry.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: a) to measure individual variations in body mass (BM), sum of skinfolds (SSF) and energy intake of Paralympic track and field athletes b) to evaluate whether individual consumption of macronutrients meets recommended levels in three distinct periods of training. Methods: Ten Paralympic track and field athletes were evaluated during three periods: 1) end of season, 2) after vacation, and 3) preparation for the Paralympic Games London 2012. Food history and the 24-hour Dietary Recall methods provided information on daily food intake. To assess changes in body composition, we measured skinfolds and BM. Descriptive statistics were utilized to describe individual results. Results: BM varied among athletes and phases, but most (n=8) had higher SSF after vacation. Four athletes reported an increase in energy intake of more than 500 kcal during their vacation period, while eight athletes reported maintaining their intake in the preparatory phase for the competition. Carbohydrate intake was adequate for most athletes in the end of season period and in the preparatory phase for competition, and most athletes had reduced lipid intake after vacation and in the preparatory phase. Conclusion: We observed important variations in BM and SSF, in food intake and macronutrients between the three evaluated periods. The nutritional status of the athletes suggests that inadequacies that might affect the performance of sprinters and middle-distance runners are more likely to occur during the preparatory period before competitions.

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Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the muscular performance of evertor and invertor ankle muscles of adolescent volleyball athletes. Methods: The information provided by database concerning the isokinetic evaluation of ankle muscles from 20 female volleyball players between the ages of 14-17 years old were analyzed. The isokinetic dynamometer was used in a concentric-concentric mode for the ankle evertor and invertor muscles at angular velocities of 60°/s, and 180°/s. Results: Seven athletes had suffered ankle sprains (6 affected the non-dominant limb and all were lateral ankle sprain) in the one year prior to the isokinetic evaluation. The isokinetic results demonstrated that the mean peak torque values for eversion of the non-dominant limb were significantly lower in comparison to the dominant limb at 60°/s. Moreover, although no difference was observed in the average values of the evertor/invertor ratio between the limbs, the ratios were below the values suggested by the literature. Conclusion: We believe that although the athletes reported no ankle injury and no pain in the previous assessment month, the isokinetic results of the non-dominant limb seemed to be directly related to previous ankle sprains injuries in inversion of this limb. The athletes had similar results to those of subjects clinically diagnosed with ankle joint instabilities despite their being active in sports at the moment of the assessment.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to investigate how different age groups of older adults perform and control movements in a goal-directed aiming task and the importance of visual feedback during these movements. Methods: Participants included 22 old adults, divided in two age groups: younger (60-70 yr) and older (80-90 yr). Subjects performed the task in a condition with vision and in a condition where vision was deprived. Results: In the vision condition, younger subjects showed smaller movement and reaction times, smaller radial errors, higher peak velocities, lower relative times to reach peak velocity than older subjects. In the vision-deprived condition the same results were found, except for radial error measure, where no significant effect for age groups was found. Conclusion: Younger subjects seemed to rely more on visual online feedback than older subjects and older subjects use other sensory sources to meet the possible deficits of information obtained by vision.

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Abstract Aims: Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as an important risk factor for poor health. Evidence showed that patients with heart failure (HF) exhibit high levels of SB, and that high SB increases mortality among such patients. We aimed to identify factors associated with SB in HF patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with adults with HF and categorized under New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-III. Sociodemographic, clinical, and health information were gathered. Evaluation of SB (by sitting time) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was performed by self-reported measures. Functional capacity was assessed using the Duke Activity Status Index. Simple and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the most suitable predictive model. Results: The sample (n = 80) comprised predominantly of patients in functional class I, men, and with an average age of 50.8 years. Time spent on SB totaled to 7.69 ± 2.35 h/day. Weekly volume of MVPA, functional capacity, and previous stroke were predictors of higher SB. Using simple linear regression analysis, the variables body mass index, quality of life, NYHA functional class, total comorbidities, dyslipidemia, MVPA in the leisure domain, and the use of diuretics, statins, and sildenafil were shown to have a statistically significant association with SB. Conclusion: In patients with HF, a longer time spent in SB was associated with low volumes of MVPA, low functional capacity, and history of stroke. More studies are needed to corroborate these findings.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training volume (1 vs. 3 sets) on lower-body muscle strength in untrained young men. Methodsː Eighteen untrained young men were recruited and their legs were trained with 1 or 3 sets (in a contralateral design) for 6 weeks, using a knee extension machine. Isokinetic peak torque and one repetition maximum (1RM) were assessed at pre- and post-training. Resultsː There was a similar improvement in the 1RM strength (1SET: +14.8% vs. 3SET: 16.3%, P > 0.05) and peak torque (1SET: +8.1% vs. 3SET: 9.3%, P > 0.05) for both conditions from pre- to post-training. The effect size (ES) for the change in 1RM was moderate for both conditions (1SET: 1.39 vs. 3SET: 1.41), and peak torque was trivial and small for 1SET (0.47) and 3SET (0.55), respectively. Additionally, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the dietary intakes from pre- to post-training. Conclusionsː Our results indicate that 1 set is as effective as 3 sets for increasing lower-body muscle strength after a short-term RT period (6 weeks) in untrained young men.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effect of 12 weeks of intradialytic aerobic training on serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and functional capacity. Methods: Thirty sedentary volunteers were randomly assigned to either to exercise or control group. Exercise group were submitted to 12 weeks of aerobic training performed on a cycle ergometer for 30 minutes at intensity rated using the Borg scale (6 to 7) three times a week while control group kept the daily habits. Results: After 12 weeks only exercise group presented a significant reduction of serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and an increase in serum levels of interleukin-10 and functional capacity. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of intradialytic aerobic training was effective in controlling inflammation and improving the functional ability of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a multicomponent, school-based intervention in reducing screentime in adolescents according to sex. Methods: This is a non-randomized controlled intervention study focusing on cardiorespiratory fitness, body image, nutrition and physical activity. Screentime (television, computer/video game) was the secondary outcome of the intervention and was addressed using educational strategies (folders, posters, educational sessions and group discussions). Screen time was measured using a structured questionnaire validated in Brazilian adolescents and the excess time spent on-screen was defined as two hours or more daily. The effect of the intervention was analyzed by the McNemar test and logistic regression. Results: Intervention effectively reduced the proportion of adolescents exposed to more than two hours a day of computer/videogame in males from 71.7% to 57.5% (p= 0.002) and excessive time of television in females from 81.5% to 72.6% (p = 0.024), from the beginning to the end of the study in the group receiving intervention. However, no effect of intervention was found in the comparison between intervention and control groups for computer/video game time (OR = 0.822; p = 0.504) and television time (OR = 0.667; p = 0.252). Conclusion: The intervention was not effective in reducing screen time in the comparison between intervention and control groups, but it reduced the screen time of adolescents in the intervention group.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: To identify regional differences in basketball games for under-age categories, this study analyzed game-related statistics of four continental championships for under-18 (U18) men. Methods: A total of 149 games from each continental championship for U18 men held in 2016 were analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to assess differences in game-related statistics between the continents (Europe, Africa, America, Asia). A discriminant analysis was performed to identify game-related statistics which discriminate among the continents. Results: The U18 African championship, which was characterized by a high number of free throws, was clearly discriminated from any other U18 continental championship. Among the other U18 continental championships excluding the African championship, the biggest difference was observed between the European and the Asian championships. The U18 European championship was characterized by a low number of possessions and a high number of assists, whereas the U18 Asian championship was characterized by a high number of possessions and a low number of assists. Both possessions and assists showed high numbers in the U18 American championship. Conclusion: This study identified regional differences in basketball games among four continental championships for U18 men held in 2016. It is suggested that basketball games for under-age categories are played in a different manner in each region of the world. The information derived from this study will help players and coaches of under-age national teams prepare for international competitions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aims: to identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated risk factors in children. Methods: a total of 1,480 Brazilian children aged 6-10 years old (52.2% girls) participated in this population-based, epidemiological cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were children born between the years 2001 and 2006, of both sexes, who did not use remedy, were not on a calorie restriction diet, and who respected the 12-hour fast for blood collection. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood collection, and completion of the Previous Day Food Questionnaire and interview using a Physical Activity List were held at school. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on socioeconomic status and lifestyle habits of their child. Chi-square test compared proportions and factors associated with MetS were identified using Poisson Regression. Results: Girls had significantly higher MetS prevalence compared with boys (12.6% vs. 8.5%, p=0.046). After multivariable analysis, body fat percentage (p=0.001), fat mass (p<0.001), lean body mass (p< 0.001) and sedentary behavior (p= 0.050) were positively associated with MetS. Conclusions: Modifiable factors such as body fat percentage, fat mass, lean body mass and sedentary behavior were associated with MetS in children. Thus, interventions targeted for weight management, and adopting healthy habits such as reducing time in front of TV/computer/video game need to be part of the lifestyle of children.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Aim: The present study investigated the behavior of glycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during 36 sessions of a combined training program. Methods: This is a single arm clinical study with 20 patients with T2DM submitted to combined exercise training (strength and aerobic exercise). The sessions occurred on alternate days, 3x/week, lasting ~ 80 minutes, totaling ~ 240 minutes/week, for 12 weeks, over a total of 36 sessions. Capillary glycemia was measured before and 10 to 15 minutes after the end of each combined exercise session. Results: There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in glycemia after application of the combined training program in 27 (75%) of the 36 sessions. Regarding the maintenance of this reduction after about 48 hours, no significant differences were identified (p>0.05). When investigating the cumulative effect of the 36 sessions of combined training program on capillary glycemia, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemia exhibits a behavior of reduction immediately after concurrent strength and aerobic training programs in patients with T2DM. However, the immediate reduction of glycemia is not maintained until 48 hours, nor is there a cumulative effect of the 36 training sessions on baseline glycemia.