Synthesis of WO<sub>3</sub> Nanorods and Their Excellent Ethanol Gas-Sensing Performance

Xiao, Jingkun; Che, Yanhan; Lv, Bowen; Benedicte, Massamba-Courtoisjoanes; Feng, Guoqing; Sun, Tianjun; Song, Chengwen

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0434

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Article • Mat. Res. 24 (3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0434 copy

Synthesis of WO₃ Nanorods and Their Excellent Ethanol Gas-Sensing Performance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

WO₃ nanorods were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal approach. Their microstructure and morphology were analyzed with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and citric acid concentration, on the gas-sensing performance of WO₃ nanorods were investigated. The optimized response value of WO₃ sensor to ethanol gas (100 ppm) was 26.48, with a response time of 1 s under a low operating temperature (160 °C). The recovery capability and stability of the gas sensor were tested and discussed. Additionally, the working principle of WO₃ sensor was proposed. In comparison to the sensors published by previous researchers, the WO₃ sensor has shown great potential.

Keywords:
WO₃; gas sensor; response; nanorods; ethanol

Sample	Reaction temperature	Reaction time	Citric acid concentration
WO₃-1	120 °C	24 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-2	160 °C	24 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-3	200 °C	24 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-4	160 °C	12 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-5	160 °C	36 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-6	160 °C	48 h	0.03 mol/L
WO₃-7	160 °C	36 h	0.02 mol/L
WO₃-8	160 °C	36 h	0.04 mol/L
WO₃-9	160 °C	36 h	0.05 mol/L

Sample	Lattice parameters (Å)			Unit cell volume (Å ³)	Average crystallite size(nm)
Sample	a	b	c	Unit cell volume (Å ³)	Average crystallite size(nm)
WO₃	6.3249	4.4969	3.7720	107.28	33.2

Sensing materials	Concentration (ppm)	Operating temperature (°C)	Response (S)	Response time (s)	Recovery time (s)	References
WO₃ nanorod	100	160	26.48	1	30	In this work
WO₃ nanospheres	100	250	16.2	34.2	35.6	27
WO₃ nanoscale	100	-	15.6	10-15	30-35	28
Urchin-like WO₃	100	350	68.56	28	12	1
WO₃ nanorod	100	275	6-7	141	148	29
WO₃ deposition film	100	250	15.2	-	-	30
Spider web WO₃	100	300	72	-	-	31

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Synthesis of WO3 Nanorods and Their Excellent Ethanol Gas-Sensing Performance

Abstract

Synthesis of WO₃ Nanorods and Their Excellent Ethanol Gas-Sensing Performance