Pareiorhaphis ruschii, new species, is the first neoplecostomine catfish of the genus Pareiorhaphis described based on material from tributaries to the rio Piraquê-Açu and rio Reis Magos, both small coastal drainages in the State of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil. The new species is promptly diagnosed from all its congeners by features related to the morphology of the lower lip margin, number of preadipose azygous plates, size and shape of the pectoral-fin spine, and caudal-fin skeleton. Additionally, sexual dimorphism of the new species is marked by hypertrophied odontodes on the lateral margins of head slightly directed forward in adult males.
Cascudos; Neotropical; Rio Piraquê-Açu; Rio Reis Magos; Taxonomy
