Inovação social e empreendedorismo institucional: a ação da Ong "Ação Educativa" no campo educacional da cidade de São Paulo

Brunstein, Janette; Rodrigues, Andrea Leite; Kirschbaum, Charles

doi:10.1590/S1984-92302008000300006

Resumos

Este estudo caracteriza a ONG "Ação Educativa" como um empreendedor institucional por introduzir inovações sociais no campo educacional. A "Ação Educativa" desenvolve projetos educativos em conjunto com escolas públicas na cidade de São Paulo, com o propósito de melhorá-las e conectá-las em projetos colaborativos. No processo de mudança institucional, identificamos problemas e resistências à ação da ONG, bem como a possibilidade da experiência ter gerado inovação social. A estratégia metodológica foi o estudo de caso, com abordagem interpretativista. Os resultados mostram, de um lado, os limites da experiência, e de outro, explica como foram desencadeadas mudanças nos modelos organizacionais tradicionais das unidades escolares em estudo. Pretendeu-se, assim, contribuir para os estudos sobre ONGs e sua capacidade de geração de inovação social no âmbito institucional, organizacional e individual.

This study characterizes nongovernmental organization "Ação Educativa" as an institutional entrepreneur, once it introduces social innovations in education fields. The NGO develops projects with public schools in São Paulo, Brasil, regarding best integration and social development. In the process of institutional changes, we identified social innovation experiences and resistances. This is an interpretativist case study paper. The results show how organizational changes were made in the public schools. We intend to contribute to NGO studies and their ability to generate social innovation.

ARTIGOS

Inovação social e empreendedorismo institucional: a ação da Ong "Ação Educativa" no campo educacional da cidade de São Paulo

Janette BrunsteinI; Andrea Leite Rodrigues^II; Charles Kirschbaum^III

^IJanette Brunstein - Profª. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

^IIAndrea Leite Rodrigues - Profª. UNINOVE

^IIICharles Kirschbaum - Profº Centro Universitário da FEI /SP

RESUMO

Este estudo caracteriza a ONG "Ação Educativa" como um empreendedor institucional por introduzir inovações sociais no campo educacional. A "Ação Educativa" desenvolve projetos educativos em conjunto com escolas públicas na cidade de São Paulo, com o propósito de melhorá-las e conectá-las em projetos colaborativos. No processo de mudança institucional, identificamos problemas e resistências à ação da ONG, bem como a possibilidade da experiência ter gerado inovação social. A estratégia metodológica foi o estudo de caso, com abordagem interpretativista. Os resultados mostram, de um lado, os limites da experiência, e de outro, explica como foram desencadeadas mudanças nos modelos organizacionais tradicionais das unidades escolares em estudo. Pretendeu-se, assim, contribuir para os estudos sobre ONGs e sua capacidade de geração de inovação social no âmbito institucional, organizacional e individual.

ABSTRACT

This study characterizes nongovernmental organization "Ação Educativa" as an institutional entrepreneur, once it introduces social innovations in education fields. The NGO develops projects with public schools in São Paulo, Brasil, regarding best integration and social development. In the process of institutional changes, we identified social innovation experiences and resistances. This is an interpretativist case study paper. The results show how organizational changes were made in the public schools. We intend to contribute to NGO studies and their ability to generate social innovation.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Referências

BECKER, H Observação social e estudos de caso sociais. In: Métodos de pesquisa em ciências sociais. São Paulo: Editora HUCITEC, 1999.

BERGER, P.;LUCKMANN, T. The social construction of reality: a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1966

BRASIL MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO E DO DESPORTO. Plano Decenal de Educação para Todos. Brasília: MEC, 1993.

BRASIL MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO E DO DESPORTO. Conferência Nacional de Educação para Todos 1993 –2003, Brasília: MEC/SEF.

BRYMAN, A. Interviewing in qualitative research. In: Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

CHAMBON, A. Life history as a dialogical activity: "if you ask me the right questions, I could tell you". In: Current Sociology, v. 43, n. 2/3, p. 125-135,1995.

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CZARNIAWSKA, B.;SEVÓN, G. Introduction. Em: CZARNIAWSKA, B. e SEVÓN, G. (Ed.). Translating organizational change. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996. p.1-12.

DECLARAÇÃO DAS ONGS - Educação para Todos. Consulta Internacional de ONGs (CCNGO), Dakar, 25 de Abril de 2000 (online).Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_Internacionais/declaraONG.asp. Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.

DECLARAÇÃO DE NOVA DELHI SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO PARA TODOS (online). Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_internacionais/ declaraNDelhi.asp. Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.

DiMAGGIO, P. Interest and agency in institutional theory In: Zucker, L. (ed) Institutional patters and cultural. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company: 3-22,1988.

DiMAGGIO, P.J., POWELL, W.W. The Iron Cage Revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, v. 48, n. 2, 1983.

EDELMAN, L. B.;SUCHMAN, M. C. The legal environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, v.23, n.1, p.479-515. 1997.

EISENHARDT, K.M. . Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review. v. 14, n. 4, 1989

FENTON, E.; PETTIGREW, A. A theoretical perspectives on new forms of organizing. In: PETTIGREW, A. FENTON, E. A The innovating organization. London: Sage, 2002.

FLORES, J. Aproximación interpretativa al contenido de la información textual. In: FLORES, J. Analisis de datos cualitativos - aplicaciones a la investigación educativa. Barcelona: PPU, 1994.

GARUD, R.;HARDY, C.;MAGUIRE, S. Institutional entrepreneurship as embedded agency: An introduction to the special issue. Organization Studies, v.28, n.7, July 1, 2007, p.957-969. 2007.

GEPHART, R.P. From the editors: qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 4, 2004.

GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society : outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986. 402 p.

GUBA, E.; LINCOLN, Y. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In: Dezin, N. K. e Lincoln, Y. Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.

GRANOVETTER, M. S. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, v.91, n.3, p.481-510. 1985.

GREENWOOD, R.;SUDDABY, R. Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: the big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, v.49, n.1, p.27-48. 2006.

HARGADON, A.;DOUGLAS, Y. When innovations meet institutions: edison and the design of the electric light. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.46, p.476-503. 2001.

KIRSCHBAUM, C. . Organizational design for institutional change: the case of MPB festivals, 1960 to 1968. Brazilian Administration Review, Rio de Janeiro, v. 3, n. 2, p. 57-67, 2006.

LAWRENCE, T.;PHILLIPS, N. From Moby Dick to Free Willy: macro-cultural discourse and institutional entrepreneurship in emerging institutional fields. Organization Science, v.11, p.689-711. 2004.

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MAGUIRE, S.; HARDY, C., LAWRENCE, T.B. Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 5, 2004.

MERRIAM, S. B. Qualitative research and case study applications in education. 2. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998.

NEE, V. The New Institutionalisms in economics and sociology. Em: SMELSER, N. J. e SWEDBERG, R. (Ed.). The handbook of economic sociology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. p.49-74.

OLIVER, C. The Antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, v.13, n.4, p.563-588. 1992.

PADGETT, J. F.;ANSELL, C. K. Robust action and the rise of the Medici. American Journal of Sociology, v.98, p.1259-1319. 1993.

SCOTT, W. R. Organizations and the natural environment: evolving models. Em: HOFFMAN, A. J. e VENTRESCA, M. J. (Ed.). Organizations, policy and the natural environment: institutional and strategic perspectives. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. p.453-464.

SCOTT, W. R. Institutions and Organizations: ideas and interests. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 2008. 264 p.

SEO, M.;CREED, W. E. D. Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change. Academy of Management Review, v.27, n.2, p.222-247. 2002.

SWIDLER, A. What anchors cultural practices. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORRCETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory. London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.74-92.

THEVENOT, L. Pragmatic regimes governing the engagement with the world. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORR-CETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory. London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.56-73.

TOURAINE, A. Social movements and social change, In Borda, O. F. (Org.) The challenge of social change. London, Sage, 1985

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ZALD, M. N.;MORRILL, C.;RAO, H. The impact of social movements on organizations. Em: DAVIS, G. F.;MCADAM, D., et al (Ed.). Social movements and organization theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p.253-279.

BECKER, H Observação social e estudos de caso sociais. In: Métodos de pesquisa em ciências sociais São Paulo: Editora HUCITEC, 1999.
BERGER, P.;LUCKMANN, T. The social construction of reality: a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1966
BRASIL MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO E DO DESPORTO. Plano Decenal de Educação para Todos Brasília: MEC, 1993.
BRYMAN, A. Interviewing in qualitative research. In: Social research methods Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
CHAMBON, A. Life history as a dialogical activity: "if you ask me the right questions, I could tell you". In: Current Sociology, v. 43, n. 2/3, p. 125-135,1995.
CZARNIAWSKA, B.;SEVÓN, G. Introduction. Em: CZARNIAWSKA, B. e SEVÓN, G. (Ed.). Translating organizational change Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996. p.1-12.
DECLARAÇÃO DAS ONGS - Educação para Todos. Consulta Internacional de ONGs (CCNGO), Dakar, 25 de Abril de 2000 (online).Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_Internacionais/declaraONG.asp Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.
DECLARAÇÃO DE NOVA DELHI SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO PARA TODOS (online). Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_internacionais/ declaraNDelhi.asp Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.
DiMAGGIO, P. Interest and agency in institutional theory In: Zucker, L. (ed) Institutional patters and cultural Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company: 3-22,1988.
DiMAGGIO, P.J., POWELL, W.W. The Iron Cage Revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, v. 48, n. 2, 1983.
EDELMAN, L. B.;SUCHMAN, M. C. The legal environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, v.23, n.1, p.479-515. 1997.
EISENHARDT, K.M. . Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review v. 14, n. 4, 1989
FENTON, E.; PETTIGREW, A. A theoretical perspectives on new forms of organizing. In: PETTIGREW, A. FENTON, E. A The innovating organization London: Sage, 2002.
FLORES, J. Aproximación interpretativa al contenido de la información textual. In: FLORES, J. Analisis de datos cualitativos - aplicaciones a la investigación educativa Barcelona: PPU, 1994.
GARUD, R.;HARDY, C.;MAGUIRE, S. Institutional entrepreneurship as embedded agency: An introduction to the special issue. Organization Studies, v.28, n.7, July 1, 2007, p.957-969. 2007.
GEPHART, R.P. From the editors: qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 4, 2004.
GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society : outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986. 402 p.
GUBA, E.; LINCOLN, Y. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In: Dezin, N. K. e Lincoln, Y. Handbook of qualitative research Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.
GRANOVETTER, M. S. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, v.91, n.3, p.481-510. 1985.
GREENWOOD, R.;SUDDABY, R. Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: the big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, v.49, n.1, p.27-48. 2006.
HARGADON, A.;DOUGLAS, Y. When innovations meet institutions: edison and the design of the electric light. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.46, p.476-503. 2001.
KIRSCHBAUM, C. . Organizational design for institutional change: the case of MPB festivals, 1960 to 1968. Brazilian Administration Review, Rio de Janeiro, v. 3, n. 2, p. 57-67, 2006.
LAWRENCE, T.;PHILLIPS, N. From Moby Dick to Free Willy: macro-cultural discourse and institutional entrepreneurship in emerging institutional fields. Organization Science, v.11, p.689-711. 2004.
MAGUIRE, S.; HARDY, C., LAWRENCE, T.B. Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 5, 2004.
MERRIAM, S. B. Qualitative research and case study applications in education 2. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998.
NEE, V. The New Institutionalisms in economics and sociology. Em: SMELSER, N. J. e SWEDBERG, R. (Ed.). The handbook of economic sociology Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. p.49-74.
OLIVER, C. The Antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, v.13, n.4, p.563-588. 1992.
PADGETT, J. F.;ANSELL, C. K. Robust action and the rise of the Medici. American Journal of Sociology, v.98, p.1259-1319. 1993.
SCOTT, W. R. Organizations and the natural environment: evolving models. Em: HOFFMAN, A. J. e VENTRESCA, M. J. (Ed.). Organizations, policy and the natural environment: institutional and strategic perspectives. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. p.453-464.
SCOTT, W. R. Institutions and Organizations: ideas and interests. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 2008. 264 p.
SEO, M.;CREED, W. E. D. Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change. Academy of Management Review, v.27, n.2, p.222-247. 2002.
SWIDLER, A. What anchors cultural practices. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORRCETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.74-92.
THEVENOT, L. Pragmatic regimes governing the engagement with the world. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORR-CETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.56-73.
TOURAINE, A. Social movements and social change, In Borda, O. F. (Org.) The challenge of social change London, Sage, 1985
ZALD, M. N.;MORRILL, C.;RAO, H. The impact of social movements on organizations. Em: DAVIS, G. F.;MCADAM, D., et al (Ed.). Social movements and organization theory New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p.253-279.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
22 Out 2014
Data do Fascículo
Set 2008

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BECKER, H Observação social e estudos de caso sociais. In: Métodos de pesquisa em ciências sociais São Paulo: Editora HUCITEC, 1999.

[2] BERGER, P.;LUCKMANN, T. The social construction of reality: a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1966

[3] BRASIL MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO E DO DESPORTO. Plano Decenal de Educação para Todos Brasília: MEC, 1993.

[5] BRYMAN, A. Interviewing in qualitative research. In: Social research methods Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

[6] CHAMBON, A. Life history as a dialogical activity: "if you ask me the right questions, I could tell you". In: Current Sociology, v. 43, n. 2/3, p. 125-135,1995.

[8] CZARNIAWSKA, B.;SEVÓN, G. Introduction. Em: CZARNIAWSKA, B. e SEVÓN, G. (Ed.). Translating organizational change Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996. p.1-12.

[9] DECLARAÇÃO DAS ONGS - Educação para Todos. Consulta Internacional de ONGs (CCNGO), Dakar, 25 de Abril de 2000 (online).Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_Internacionais/declaraONG.asp Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.

[10] DECLARAÇÃO DE NOVA DELHI SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO PARA TODOS (online). Disponível na internet via http://www.unesco.org.br/publica/Doc_internacionais/ declaraNDelhi.asp Arquivo consultado em 26/03/2007.

[11] DiMAGGIO, P. Interest and agency in institutional theory In: Zucker, L. (ed) Institutional patters and cultural Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company: 3-22,1988.

[12] DiMAGGIO, P.J., POWELL, W.W. The Iron Cage Revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, v. 48, n. 2, 1983.

[13] EDELMAN, L. B.;SUCHMAN, M. C. The legal environments of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, v.23, n.1, p.479-515. 1997.

[14] EISENHARDT, K.M. . Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review v. 14, n. 4, 1989

[15] FENTON, E.; PETTIGREW, A. A theoretical perspectives on new forms of organizing. In: PETTIGREW, A. FENTON, E. A The innovating organization London: Sage, 2002.

[16] FLORES, J. Aproximación interpretativa al contenido de la información textual. In: FLORES, J. Analisis de datos cualitativos - aplicaciones a la investigación educativa Barcelona: PPU, 1994.

[17] GARUD, R.;HARDY, C.;MAGUIRE, S. Institutional entrepreneurship as embedded agency: An introduction to the special issue. Organization Studies, v.28, n.7, July 1, 2007, p.957-969. 2007.

[18] GEPHART, R.P. From the editors: qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 4, 2004.

[19] GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society : outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1986. 402 p.

[20] GUBA, E.; LINCOLN, Y. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences. In: Dezin, N. K. e Lincoln, Y. Handbook of qualitative research Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000.

[21] GRANOVETTER, M. S. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, v.91, n.3, p.481-510. 1985.

[22] GREENWOOD, R.;SUDDABY, R. Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: the big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, v.49, n.1, p.27-48. 2006.

[23] HARGADON, A.;DOUGLAS, Y. When innovations meet institutions: edison and the design of the electric light. Administrative Science Quarterly, v.46, p.476-503. 2001.

[24] KIRSCHBAUM, C. . Organizational design for institutional change: the case of MPB festivals, 1960 to 1968. Brazilian Administration Review, Rio de Janeiro, v. 3, n. 2, p. 57-67, 2006.

[25] LAWRENCE, T.;PHILLIPS, N. From Moby Dick to Free Willy: macro-cultural discourse and institutional entrepreneurship in emerging institutional fields. Organization Science, v.11, p.689-711. 2004.

[27] MAGUIRE, S.; HARDY, C., LAWRENCE, T.B. Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Academy of Management Journal, v. 47, n. 5, 2004.

[28] MERRIAM, S. B. Qualitative research and case study applications in education 2. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998.

[29] NEE, V. The New Institutionalisms in economics and sociology. Em: SMELSER, N. J. e SWEDBERG, R. (Ed.). The handbook of economic sociology Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. p.49-74.

[30] OLIVER, C. The Antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organization Studies, v.13, n.4, p.563-588. 1992.

[31] PADGETT, J. F.;ANSELL, C. K. Robust action and the rise of the Medici. American Journal of Sociology, v.98, p.1259-1319. 1993.

[32] SCOTT, W. R. Organizations and the natural environment: evolving models. Em: HOFFMAN, A. J. e VENTRESCA, M. J. (Ed.). Organizations, policy and the natural environment: institutional and strategic perspectives. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. p.453-464.

[33] SCOTT, W. R. Institutions and Organizations: ideas and interests. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 2008. 264 p.

[34] SEO, M.;CREED, W. E. D. Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change. Academy of Management Review, v.27, n.2, p.222-247. 2002.

[35] SWIDLER, A. What anchors cultural practices. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORRCETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.74-92.

[36] THEVENOT, L. Pragmatic regimes governing the engagement with the world. Em: SCHATZKI, T. R.;KNORR-CETINA, K., et al (Ed.). The practice turn in contemporary theory London ; New York: Routledge, 2001. p.56-73.

[37] TOURAINE, A. Social movements and social change, In Borda, O. F. (Org.) The challenge of social change London, Sage, 1985

[39] ZALD, M. N.;MORRILL, C.;RAO, H. The impact of social movements on organizations. Em: DAVIS, G. F.;MCADAM, D., et al (Ed.). Social movements and organization theory New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p.253-279.