Yield performance of soybean and corn subjected to magnesium foliar spray

Altarugio, Lucas Miguel; Loman, Marcos Harm; Nirschl, Matheus Gomes; Silvano, Rafael Gil; Zavaschi, Eduardo; Carneiro, Leandro de Mello e Silva; Vitti, Godofredo Cesar; Luz, Pedro Henrique de Cerqueira; Otto, Rafael

doi:10.1590/S0100-204X2017001200007

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MINERAL NUTRITION • Pesq. agropec. bras. 52 (12) • Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2017001200007 copy

Yield performance of soybean and corn subjected to magnesium foliar spray

Desempenho produtivo de soja e milho submetidos à aplicação foliar de magnésio

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of magnesium foliar spray on yield performance of soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) cultivated in soil with adequate levels of base saturation and magnesium content in Brazil. The field trials were conducted on a Typic Hapludox cultivated with soybean and corn in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons, respectively. Treatments consisted of Mg rates (50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 g ha^-1 and a control without Mg) applied during the V4, R1, and R5.1 (soybean) or V4 and R2 (corn) phenological growth stages as magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄∙7H₂O). The SPAD index, leaf Mg content, grain yield, and 100-grain weight were evaluated. The Mg foliar spray increased the SPAD index in soybean and the leaf Mg content in corn. The Mg rates of 540 and 890 g ha^-1 increased in 325 and 737 kg ha^-1 the yield performance of soybean and corn, respectively, regardless of the phenological growth stages. The Mg application during the reproductive stages increased in 2% the 100-grain weight for both crops. Foliar spraying of Mg improves the yield performance in soybean and corn crops.

Index terms:
Glycine max; Zea mays; foliar fertilization; magnesium sulfate

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[TFN1] ⁽¹⁾
pH, CaCl₂ 0,01 mol L^-1; SOM, soil organic matter; P, extracted by anion and cation exchangeable resin; S, extracted with Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ 0,01 mol L^-1 ; Ca, Mg, and K, extracted by anion and cation exchangeable resin; H+Al, pH SMP; SB, sum of bases; CEC, cation exchange capacity; BS, base saturation; m, aluminium saturation. B, extracted with hot water; and Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, extracted with DTPA.

Soil layer	pH	SOM	P	S	Ca	Mg	K	Al	H+Al	SB	CEC	BS	m	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Sand	Silt	Clay
(cm)	CaCl₂	(mg dm^-3)	(mg dm^-3)		-----------(mmol_c dm^-3)-----------							--(%)--		------(mg dm^-3)------					----(g kg^-1)----
	Soybean
0-20	5.2	23	26	18	35	8	2.5	0	31	45.5	76.0	60	0.0	0.5	0.8	32	1.2	1.5	121	29	850
20-40	5.0	14	11	80	17	4	1.9	0	34	22.9	56.9	40	0.0	0.5	0.7	23	0.5	0.6	116	22	862
	Corn
0-20	5.4	20	6	26	43	18	1.3	0	67	62.3	129.0	48	0.0	0.9	6.0	39	4.8	3.3	178	16	806
20-40	4.9	15	2	43	26	12	0.9	2	83	38.9	122.0	32	5.0	0.7	6.3	50	4.8	3.4	154	90	756

Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	SPAD index			Mean	Mg content (g kg^-1)			Mean
Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	V4	R1	R5.1	Mean	V4	R1	R5.1	Mean
0	38.3	38.3	38.3	38.3	3.31	3.31	3.31	3.31
25	40.7	39.2	41.2	40.4	3.26	3.19	3.17	3.20
50	39.3	43.2	42.2	41.6	3.10	3.10	3.19	3.13
100	40.9	41.3	42.6	41.6	3.18	3.18	3.00	3.11
250	40.1	40.4	42.3	40.9	3.16	3.41	3.46	3.33
500	41.1	42.2	42.8	41.7	3.04	3.19	3.25	3.16
1,000	42.5	41.9	42.1	42.2	3.14	3.02	3.17	3.11
Mean	40.4	40.9	41.5	-	3.17	3.20	3.21	-
P_rate	0.0619*				0.684^ns
P_stage	0.4441^ns				0.220^ns
P_{rate x stage}	0.9682^ns				0.549^ns
R², linear regression	0.35				ns
R², quadratic regression	ns				ns
Coefficient of variation (%)	8.6				7.5

Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)			Mean	100-grain weight (g)			Mean
Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	V4	R1	R5.1	Mean	V4	R1	R5.1	Mean
0	4,245	4,245	4,245	4,245	15.1a	15.1a	15.1a	15.1
25	4,400	3,905	4,282	4,196	14.5b	15.0ab	15.4a	15.0
50	4,199	4,190	4,359	4,250	15.0b	15.2ab	15.4a	15.0
100	4,334	4,513	4,322	4,390	15.2a	15.3a	15.2a	15.2
250	4,547	4,641	4,398	4,529	15.0a	15.1a	14.9a	15.0
500	4,385	4,473	4,699	4,519	15.1b	15.4a	15.5a	15.1
1,000	4,341	4,071	4,555	4,323	15.0a	14.8a	15.3a	15.0
Mean	4,350	4,291	4,409	-	14.9b	15.1ab	15.2a	-
P_rate	0.081*				0.897^ns
P_stage	0.419^ns				0.054*
P_{rate x stage}	0.466^ns				0.060*
R², linear regression	ns				ns
R², quadratic regression	0.87, y = -0.0012x² + 1.2942x + 4,221.6				ns
Coefficient of variation (%)	8.5				3.5

Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	SPAD index		Mean	Mg (g kg^-1)		Mean
Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	V4	R2	Mean	V4	R2	Mean
0	57.3	57.2	57.3	1.93	1.93	1.93
250	58.6	59.1	58.8	1.85	2.13	1.99
500	57.9	55.5	56.7	1.82	2.15	1.99
1,000	51.7	58.8	55.3	2.28	2.18	2.23
1,500	56.4	54.2	55.3	2.18	2.10	2.14
Mean	56.4	57.0	-	2.01	2.10	-
P_rate	0.380^ns			0.088*
P_stage	0.666^ns			0.263^ns
P_{rate x stage}	0.154^ns			0.229^ns
R²-LR	ns			68.8
R²-QR	ns			ns
CV (%)	8.9			14.4

Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)		Mean	100-grain weight (g)		Mean
Mg foliar spray (g ha^-1)	V4	R2	Mean	V4	R2	Mean
0	7,145	7,145	7,145	34.1	34.1	34.1
250	7,447	7,878	7,662	33.5	35.3	34.4
500	7,491	7,624	7,557	34.1	34.5	34.3
1.000	7,696	8,248	7,972	34.0	34.9	34.5
1.500	7,410	7,635	7,523	33.9	34.4	34.2
Mean	7,438	7,706	-	33.9b	34.6a	-
P_rate	0.018*			0.724^ns
P_stage	0.228^ns			0.001*
P_{rate x stage}	0.448^ns			0.110^ns
R²-LR	ns			ns
R²-QR	0.81⁽²⁾			ns
CV (%)	7.5			2.4