Efeitos de imidazolinonas e sulfoniluréias sobre a produção de sementes e emergência de plântulas de quinquilho

Andres, André; Flecks, Nilson G.

doi:10.1590/S0100-83581994000200002

Resumos

Em 1990, 91 e 92 foi conduzido ensaio na Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRS, em Porto Alegre, RS, cujo objetivo foi investigar os efeitos de herbicidas aplicados durante a fase reprodutiva de quinquilho (Datura stramonium). Foram testados dois compostos imidazolinonas (imazaquin e imazethapyr) e duas sulfoniluréias (chlorimuron e metsulfuron) sobre a produção de sementes e viabilidade e germinação das sementes formadas. Todas as aplicações berbicidas realizadas no florescimento, exceto metsulfuron na meia-dose, reduziram em mais de 75% a produção de sementes. As aplicações herbicidas efetuadas no florescimento de quinquilho reduziram em 76% o número de sementes por planta em comparação aos tratamentos aplicados no enchimento de grãos. Na avaliação da viabilidade das sementes não se constatou efeitos dos herbicidas testados. Herbicidas aplicados na fase reprodutiva de quinquilho permitiram reduzir a perpetuação da mesma por diminuir a produção de suas sementes.

Características reprodutivas; viabilidade das sementes; aplicações tardias; germinação; Datura stramonium

A trial was conducted in 1990, 91 and 92 at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, to investigate the effects of herbicides applied at the reproductive period of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Two imidazolinones (imazaquin and imazethapyr) and two sulfonylureas (chlorimuron and metsulfuron), which were tested for their effect on the number of seeds produced, seed viability and seed germination. All compounds applied at flowering stage, except half rate of metsulfuron, reduced by more than 75% the number of seeds produced. Herbicide applications at flowering stage reduced seed production by 76% in comparison with plants sprayed at grain filling stage. Jimsonweed seed viability was not affected by the treatments. Herbicides applied during jimsonweed reproductive stage reduce its survival by decreasing seed production.

Reproductive characteristics; seed viability; late applications; Datura stramonium; seed germination

Efeitos de imidazolinonas e sulfoniluréias sobre a produção de sementes e emergência de plântulas de quinquilho

Effects of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on jimsonweed seed production and seedling emergence

André Andres^I; Nilson G. Flecks^II

^IEng. Agr., Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRS, Caixa Posta1 776, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970

^IIEng. Agr., PhD, Prof. Adjunto, Bolsista do CNPq, Dep. de Plantas de Lavoura, Faculdade de Agronomia, UFRS, Caixa Postal 776, Porto Alegre, RS 90001-970

RESUMO

Em 1990, 91 e 92 foi conduzido ensaio na Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRS, em Porto Alegre, RS, cujo objetivo foi investigar os efeitos de herbicidas aplicados durante a fase reprodutiva de quinquilho (Datura stramonium). Foram testados dois compostos imidazolinonas (imazaquin e imazethapyr) e duas sulfoniluréias (chlorimuron e metsulfuron) sobre a produção de sementes e viabilidade e germinação das sementes formadas. Todas as aplicações berbicidas realizadas no florescimento, exceto metsulfuron na meia-dose, reduziram em mais de 75% a produção de sementes. As aplicações herbicidas efetuadas no florescimento de quinquilho reduziram em 76% o número de sementes por planta em comparação aos tratamentos aplicados no enchimento de grãos. Na avaliação da viabilidade das sementes não se constatou efeitos dos herbicidas testados. Herbicidas aplicados na fase reprodutiva de quinquilho permitiram reduzir a perpetuação da mesma por diminuir a produção de suas sementes.

Palavras chave: Características reprodutivas, viabilidade das sementes, aplicações tardias, germinação, Datura stramonium.

ABSTRACT

A trial was conducted in 1990, 91 and 92 at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, to investigate the effects of herbicides applied at the reproductive period of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). Two imidazolinones (imazaquin and imazethapyr) and two sulfonylureas (chlorimuron and metsulfuron), which were tested for their effect on the number of seeds produced, seed viability and seed germination. All compounds applied at flowering stage, except half rate of metsulfuron, reduced by more than 75% the number of seeds produced. Herbicide applications at flowering stage reduced seed production by 76% in comparison with plants sprayed at grain filling stage. Jimsonweed seed viability was not affected by the treatments. Herbicides applied during jimsonweed reproductive stage reduce its survival by decreasing seed production.

Key words: Reproductive characteristics, seed viability, late applications, Datura stramonium, seed germination.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 04/01/94 e na forma revisado em 12/08/94.

Extraído da dissertação do primeiro autor para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Fitotecnia pela Faculdade de Agronomia da UFRS. Parcialmente financiado pelo CNPq.

BEYER, EM; DUFFY, MJ; HAY, JV; SCHLUETER, DD. Sulfonylurea. In: KEARNEY, PC; KAUFMAN, DD (eds). Herbicides: chemistry, degradation, and mode of action. New York: M. Dekker, 1988. v.3, p.117-189.
BINIAK, BM; ALDRICH, RJ. Reducing Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seed production with simulated-roller herbicide applications. Weed Science, Champaign, v34, p.256-259, 1986.
CLAUS, JS. Chlorimuron-ethyl (Classic): a new broadleaf postemergence herbicide in soybean. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.1, p.114-115, 1987.
CONGLETON, WF; VANCANTFORT, AM; LIGNOWSKI, EM. Imazaquin (Scepter): a new soybean herbicide. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.1, p.186-188, 1987.
FAWCET, RS; SLIFE, FW. Effects of 2,4-D and dalapon on weed seed production and dorman cy. Weed Science, Champaign, v.26, p.543-547, 1978.
GARCIA-TORRES, L; FERNANDEZ-QUINTANILLA, C. Fundamentos sobre malas hierbas y herbicidas. Madrid: Multi-Prensa, 1991, 348p.
GRABE, DF. Manual do teste de tetrazólio em sementes. Brasilia: AGIPLAN, 1976, 85p.
GRESSEL, J. Herbicide tolerance and resistance: alteration of site of activity. In: DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology; herbicide physiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1985. v.2, p.159-190.
GUTTERMAN, Y. Flowering, seed development, and the influences during seed maturation on seed germination of annual weeds. In:DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology; reproduction and ecophysiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1985, v.1, p.1-26.
HENRY, WT; BAUMAN, TT. Interference between soybean (Glycine max) and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) in Indiana. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.5, p.759-764, 1991.
ISAACS, MA; MURDOCK, EC; TOLLER, JE; WALLACE, SU. Effects of late-season herbicide applications on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed production and viability. Weed Science, Champaign, v.37, p.761-765, 1989.
LORENZI, H. Plantas daninhas do Brasil; terrestres, aquáticas, par asitas, tóxica s e medicinais. 2 ed. Nova Odessa: Plantaram, 1991, 440p.
MAUN, MA; CAVERS, PB. Effects of 2,4-D on seed production and embryo development of curly dock. Weed Science, Champaign, v.32, p.533-536, 1969.
PAWLAK, JA; MURRAY, DS; SMITH, BS. Influence of capsule age on germination of nondormant Datura stramonium seed. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.4, p.31-34, 1990.
RATNAYAKE, S; SHAW, DR. Effects of harvest-aid herbicides on soybean (Glycine max) seed yield and quality. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.6, p.339-344, 1992.
RAY, TB. Site of action of chlorsulfuron. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, v.75, p.827-831, 1984.
SANCHEZ, RA; EYHERABIDE, G; MIGUEL, L. The influence of irradiance and water deficit during fruit development on seed dormancy in Datura ferax L. Weed Research, Ontario, v.21, p.127-132, 1981.
SHANER, DL; ANDERSON, PC; STIDHAM, MA. Imidazolinones: Potent inhibitors of acetohydroxyacid synthase. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, v.76, p.545-546, 1984.
TAYLORSON, RB. Control of seed production in three annual grasses by dimethylarsinic acid. Weeds, Champaign, v.14, p.207-210, 1966.
WEAVER, SO; WARWICK, SI. The biology of Canadian weeds. 64. Datura stramonium L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Ontario, v.64, p.979-991, 1984.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
17 Ago 2010
Data do Fascículo
1994

Histórico

Recebido
04 Jan 1994
Aceito
12 Ago 1994

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BEYER, EM; DUFFY, MJ; HAY, JV; SCHLUETER, DD. Sulfonylurea. In: KEARNEY, PC; KAUFMAN, DD (eds). Herbicides: chemistry, degradation, and mode of action. New York: M. Dekker, 1988. v.3, p.117-189.

[2] BINIAK, BM; ALDRICH, RJ. Reducing Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seed production with simulated-roller herbicide applications. Weed Science, Champaign, v34, p.256-259, 1986.

[3] CLAUS, JS. Chlorimuron-ethyl (Classic): a new broadleaf postemergence herbicide in soybean. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.1, p.114-115, 1987.

[4] CONGLETON, WF; VANCANTFORT, AM; LIGNOWSKI, EM. Imazaquin (Scepter): a new soybean herbicide. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.1, p.186-188, 1987.

[5] FAWCET, RS; SLIFE, FW. Effects of 2,4-D and dalapon on weed seed production and dorman cy. Weed Science, Champaign, v.26, p.543-547, 1978.

[6] GARCIA-TORRES, L; FERNANDEZ-QUINTANILLA, C. Fundamentos sobre malas hierbas y herbicidas. Madrid: Multi-Prensa, 1991, 348p.

[7] GRABE, DF. Manual do teste de tetrazólio em sementes. Brasilia: AGIPLAN, 1976, 85p.

[8] GRESSEL, J. Herbicide tolerance and resistance: alteration of site of activity. In: DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology; herbicide physiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1985. v.2, p.159-190.

[9] GUTTERMAN, Y. Flowering, seed development, and the influences during seed maturation on seed germination of annual weeds. In:DUKE, SO (ed). Weed physiology; reproduction and ecophysiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1985, v.1, p.1-26.

[10] HENRY, WT; BAUMAN, TT. Interference between soybean (Glycine max) and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) in Indiana. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.5, p.759-764, 1991.

[11] ISAACS, MA; MURDOCK, EC; TOLLER, JE; WALLACE, SU. Effects of late-season herbicide applications on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed production and viability. Weed Science, Champaign, v.37, p.761-765, 1989.

[12] LORENZI, H. Plantas daninhas do Brasil; terrestres, aquáticas, par asitas, tóxica s e medicinais. 2 ed. Nova Odessa: Plantaram, 1991, 440p.

[13] MAUN, MA; CAVERS, PB. Effects of 2,4-D on seed production and embryo development of curly dock. Weed Science, Champaign, v.32, p.533-536, 1969.

[14] PAWLAK, JA; MURRAY, DS; SMITH, BS. Influence of capsule age on germination of nondormant Datura stramonium seed. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.4, p.31-34, 1990.

[15] RATNAYAKE, S; SHAW, DR. Effects of harvest-aid herbicides on soybean (Glycine max) seed yield and quality. Weed Technology, Champaign, v.6, p.339-344, 1992.

[16] RAY, TB. Site of action of chlorsulfuron. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, v.75, p.827-831, 1984.

[17] SANCHEZ, RA; EYHERABIDE, G; MIGUEL, L. The influence of irradiance and water deficit during fruit development on seed dormancy in Datura ferax L. Weed Research, Ontario, v.21, p.127-132, 1981.

[18] SHANER, DL; ANDERSON, PC; STIDHAM, MA. Imidazolinones: Potent inhibitors of acetohydroxyacid synthase. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, v.76, p.545-546, 1984.

[19] TAYLORSON, RB. Control of seed production in three annual grasses by dimethylarsinic acid. Weeds, Champaign, v.14, p.207-210, 1966.

[20] WEAVER, SO; WARWICK, SI. The biology of Canadian weeds. 64. Datura stramonium L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Ontario, v.64, p.979-991, 1984.

Brasil

Brasil

Efeitos de imidazolinonas e sulfoniluréias sobre a produção de sementes e emergência de plântulas de quinquilho

Effects of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on jimsonweed seed production and seedling emergence

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico