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Teratoma cístico maduro de apresentação atípica (“esferas flutuantes”)

Sr Editor,

Paciente do sexo feminino, 43 anos de idade, sem comorbidades conhecidas, procurou atendimento médico queixando-se de aumento do volume abdominal. Foram realizadas ultrassonografia (US) e, posteriormente, ressonância magnética (RM) da pelve (Figura 1), que demonstraram lesão expansiva cística, de conteúdo heterogêneo, medindo 16,0 × 16,0 × 10,0 cm, apresentando numerosas formações ovaladas de tamanhos variados no seu interior, hiperecoicas na US e móveis à mudança de decúbito da paciente. Na RM, estas formações ovaladas apresentavam sinal intermediário em T1 e T2, sem evidência de perda do sinal nas sequências com saturação de gordura ou de queda do sinal na sequência T1 gradiente-eco fora de fase. Estes achados de imagem, embora pouco comuns, são patognomônicos de teratoma cístico maduro (TCM). A paciente foi submetida a cirurgia e o diagnóstico foi confirmado pela histopatologia.

Figura 1
US (A) e RM nas sequências T2 sagital (B), T1 gradiente-eco fora de fase (C) e em fase (D) demonstrando lesão expansiva cística de conteúdo heterogêneo, apresentando numerosas formações ovaladas no seu interior, hiperecoicas na US, de sinal intermediário em T1 e T2, sem evidência de perda do sinal na sequência T1 gradiente-eco fora de fase.

O TCM, também conhecido como cisto dermoide, é o tumor ovariano benigno mais comum, correspondendo a 10-25% dos casos em adultos e 50% em crianças(11 Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. Atypical CT and MRI manifestations of mature ovarian cystic teratomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:743-50.

2 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.
-33 Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.). São lesões comumente assintomáticas e de crescimento lento(11 Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. Atypical CT and MRI manifestations of mature ovarian cystic teratomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:743-50.,33 Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.). Esses tumores são usualmente detectados em mulheres na idade reprodutiva e raramente são diagnosticados antes da puberdade. Seu crescimento cessa com a menopausa(44 Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.

5 Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL. Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2001;21:475-90.

6 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.
-77 Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS, et al. Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2014;34:2039-55.). O TCM tipicamente contém tecidos bem diferenciados das três camadas germinativas: ectoderme (derivados da pele e de tecidos neurais), mesoderme (tecidos osteo-musculares e adiposos) e endoderme (epitélio ciliado e mucinoso)(11 Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. Atypical CT and MRI manifestations of mature ovarian cystic teratomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:743-50.,55 Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL. Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2001;21:475-90.). A diversidade de tecidos do teratoma resulta em grande variedade de características nos exames de imagem.

Embora a maioria dos tumores pélvicos não apresente aspectos considerados diagnósticos nos exames de imagem(88 Salvadori PS, Bomfim LN, von Atzingen AC, et al. Spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: pre- and post-rupture computed tomography evaluation. Radiol Bras. 2015:330-2.

9 Lima LLA, Parente RCM, Maestá I, et al. Clinical and radiological correlations in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:241-50.

10 Guerra LFA, Pessanha LB, Oliveira GA, et al. Endometrial osseous metaplasia: sonographic, radiological and histopathological findings. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:62-3.

11 Queiroz RM, Costa PP, Oliveira NYF, et al. Female urethral diverticulum containing a urothelial carcinoma. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:406-7.
-1212 Manikkavasakar S, Ramachandram A, Ramalho M, et al. Malignant uterine disease with concurrent miometrial contraction at MRI: a possible source of overstaging. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:342-3.), os TCMs frequentemente exibem características de imagens típicas, que levam a um fácil diagnóstico. Estas características se baseiam principalmente na presença de gordura intratumoral(33 Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.). Nesses casos, o achado ultrassonográfico mais comum é a presença de massa cística com um tubérculo ecogênico (nódulo de Rokitansky) apresentando sombra acústica posterior secundária a calcificações, fios de cabelo e/ou focos de gordura(33 Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.,55 Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL. Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2001;21:475-90.,77 Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS, et al. Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2014;34:2039-55.). Na tomografia computadorizada, áreas de atenuação de gordura, com ou sem a presença de focos de calcificação, são achados característicos. Na RM, a gordura vista na lesão apresenta-se com sinal hiperintenso em T1 e demonstra perda do sinal nas sequências com saturação de gordura(33 Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.,55 Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL. Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2001;21:475-90.,77 Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS, et al. Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2014;34:2039-55.).

Existem, no entanto, raros casos de TCMs com apresentações atípicas, que muitas vezes se tornam um desafio diagnóstico aos radiologistas(22 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.,66 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.). Múltiplas pequenas esferas flutuantes em um grande cisto, como observado no presente caso, é uma dessas raras situações(44 Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.,66 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.). Histologicamente, são compostas por queratina, fibrina, hemossiderina, debris sebáceos, cabelos e gordura, sendo a proporção destes componentes variável(22 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.,66 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.,1313 Donnadieu AC, Deffieux X, Le Ray C, et al. Unusual fast-growing ovarian cystic teratoma during pregnancy presenting with intracystic fat "floating balls" appearance. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:1758-9.). O mecanismo de formação dessas esferas ainda não foi esclarecido, mas especula-se que são compostas de agregação de material sebáceo em torno de um nidus(22 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.,44 Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.,1414 Altinbas SK, Yalvac S, Kandemir O, et al. An unusual growth of ovarian cystic teratoma with multiple floating balls during pregnancy: a case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010;38:325-7.). A baixa densidade dessas esferas em relação ao conteúdo do cisto permite a mobilidade delas(22 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.,44 Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.,66 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.). A presença dessas múltiplas esferas flutuantes em um grande cisto não foi relatada em outros tumores, sendo considerada um achado patognomônico de TCM(22 Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.,44 Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.,66 Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.,1414 Altinbas SK, Yalvac S, Kandemir O, et al. An unusual growth of ovarian cystic teratoma with multiple floating balls during pregnancy: a case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010;38:325-7.

15 Rao JR, Shah Z, Patwardhan V, et al. Ovarian cystic teratoma: determined phenotypic response of keratocytes and uncommon intracystic floating balls appearance on sonography and computed tomography. J Ultrasound Med. 2002;21:687-91.
-1616 Kawamoto S, Sato K, Matsumoto H, et al. Multiple mobile spherules in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:1455-7.).

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. Atypical CT and MRI manifestations of mature ovarian cystic teratomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:743-50.
  • 2
    Tandon A, Agarwal R, Tandon R, et al. Multiple intracystic floating balls: an unusual but unique sonographic pattern of mature cystic teratoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2011;2011:bcr0320113962.
  • 3
    Park SB, Kim JK, Kim KR, et al. Imaging findings of complications and unusual manifestations of ovarian teratomas. Radiographics. 2008;28:969-83.
  • 4
    Gürel H, Gürel SA. Ovarian cystic teratoma with a pathognomonic appearance of multiple floating balls: a case report and investigation of common characteristics of the cases in the literature. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:2008.e17-9.
  • 5
    Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL. Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics. Radiographics. 2001;21:475-90.
  • 6
    Tongsong T, Wanapirak C, Khunamornpong S, et al. Numerous intracystic floating balls as a sonographic feature of benign cystic teratoma: report of 5 cases. J Ultrasound Med. 2006;25:1587-91.
  • 7
    Heo SH, Kim JW, Shin SS, et al. Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2014;34:2039-55.
  • 8
    Salvadori PS, Bomfim LN, von Atzingen AC, et al. Spontaneous rupture of ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: pre- and post-rupture computed tomography evaluation. Radiol Bras. 2015:330-2.
  • 9
    Lima LLA, Parente RCM, Maestá I, et al. Clinical and radiological correlations in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:241-50.
  • 10
    Guerra LFA, Pessanha LB, Oliveira GA, et al. Endometrial osseous metaplasia: sonographic, radiological and histopathological findings. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:62-3.
  • 11
    Queiroz RM, Costa PP, Oliveira NYF, et al. Female urethral diverticulum containing a urothelial carcinoma. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:406-7.
  • 12
    Manikkavasakar S, Ramachandram A, Ramalho M, et al. Malignant uterine disease with concurrent miometrial contraction at MRI: a possible source of overstaging. Radiol Bras. 2016;49:342-3.
  • 13
    Donnadieu AC, Deffieux X, Le Ray C, et al. Unusual fast-growing ovarian cystic teratoma during pregnancy presenting with intracystic fat "floating balls" appearance. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:1758-9.
  • 14
    Altinbas SK, Yalvac S, Kandemir O, et al. An unusual growth of ovarian cystic teratoma with multiple floating balls during pregnancy: a case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 2010;38:325-7.
  • 15
    Rao JR, Shah Z, Patwardhan V, et al. Ovarian cystic teratoma: determined phenotypic response of keratocytes and uncommon intracystic floating balls appearance on sonography and computed tomography. J Ultrasound Med. 2002;21:687-91.
  • 16
    Kawamoto S, Sato K, Matsumoto H, et al. Multiple mobile spherules in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:1455-7.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    May-Jun 2017
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