Força de preensão palmar: métodos de avaliação e fatores que influenciam a medida

Hand grip strength: evaluation methods and factors influencing this measure

ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

Força de preensão palmar: métodos de avaliação e fatores que influenciam a medida

Hand grip strength: evaluation methods and factors influencing this measure

Jonathan Ache Dias^I; Angélica Cristiane Ovando^II; Wladymir Külkamp^III; Noé Gomes Borges Junior^I

IUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte. Laboratório de Instrumentação. Florianópolis, SC. Brasil.

IIUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Esporte. Laboratório de Control Motor. Florianópolis, SC. Brasil.

IIIUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Sáude e do Esporte.. Laboratório Multisetorial.Florianópolis, SC. Brasil.

^{Correspondencia para}

RESUMO

A avaliação da força de preensão manual (FPM) do tipo palmar é frequentemente utilizada, especialmente, no âmbito fisioterápico e desportivo. A busca por valores normativos tem sido foco de alguns estudos, mas os diferentes instrumentos e protocolos dificultam a generalização dos resultados. Além disso, existem diversos fatores que podem influenciar a FPM como o sexo, a idade, a dominância, o horário de avaliação, o posicionamento corporal, a sinceridade do esforço, as características antropométricas e o tamanho da empunhadura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítico-narrativa do estado da arte relacionado a medidas da FPM e alguns aspectos referentes à sua interpretação. De acordo com o universo bibliográfico revisado, em avaliações de FPM parece ser fundamental a utilização de um dinamômetro que permita a mensuração de curvas força vs tempo e que possibilite o ajuste contínuo da empunhadura de acordo com as dimensões da mão. Recomenda-se ainda: padronizar o horário de avaliação, avaliar ambas as mãos, realizar no mínimo três avaliações em cada mão, adotar um posicionamento corporal padrão, utilizar incentivo verbal e/ou visual e corrigir a força pela massa corporal. A padronização dos métodos de avaliação e interpretação dos resultados pode permitir a construção de valores de referência confiáveis e universalmente aceitos.

Palavras-chave: Força da Mão; Biomecânica; Antropometria

ABSTRACT

The evaluation of hand grip strength (HGS) is commonly used, especially in physiotherapy and sports. The establishment of reference values has been the focus of some studies, but the different instruments and protocols used impair generalization of the results. Moreover, several factors influence HGS, such as gender, age, dominance, time of assessment, body position, sincerity of effort, anthropometric characteristics, and grip span. The objective of this study was to review the current state of the art regarding HGS measures and some aspects related to their interpretation. According to the literature, the use of a dynamometer that allows the construction of force vs. time curves and the continuous adjustment of grip span according to hand dimensions seems to be essential for the evaluation of HGS. Additional recommendations are the standardization of the time of evaluation, assessment of both hands, a minimum number of three trials for each hand, adoption of a standard body position, use of verbal and/or visual encouragement, and the correction of muscle strength according to body weight. The standardization of evaluation methods and interpretation of the results permits the establishment of reliable and universally accepted reference values of HGS.

Keywords: Hand Strength; Biomechanics; Anthropometry

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Recebido em 22/06/09

Revisado em 23/10/09

Aprovado em 30/11/09

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Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  10 Out 2012
• Data do Fascículo
  Jun 2010