Respostas cardiovasculares agudas de três protocolos de exercício resistido em idosas

Silva, Rodrigo Pereira da; Novaes, Jefferson da Silva; Oliveira, Ricardo Jacó de; Camilo, Flávio de Jesus; Marques, Martim Francisco Bottaro

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n2p112

Resumos

As respostas cardiovasculares agudas foram comparadas entre três diferentes protocolos de treinamento resistido de alta velocidade de contração muscular em mulheres idosas destreinadas. Doze voluntárias, aparentemente saudáveis (62.6 ± 2,9 anos), realizaram três diferentes protocolos no supino horizontal (SH) e no leg press 45º (LP). Todos os protocolos envolveram três séries de 10 repetições realizados com uma carga de 10RM e 2 minutos de recuperação entre as séries. O protocolo contínuo consistiu em 10 repetições, com nenhuma pausa entre as repetições. Os protocolos descontínuos foram realizados com uma pausa de cinco (PD5) ou 15 (PD15) segundos, entre a quinta e sexta repetições. Frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e duplo produto (DP) foram avaliados no repouso e ao final de todas as séries nos exercícios. ANOVA fatorial foi usada para comparar as respostas cardiovasculares entre os diferentes protocolos. Comparado com o repouso, FC, PAS e DP foram respectivamente 22.3%, 23.2% e 51.2% (p < 0.05) maiores no exercício SH e 41.7%, 43.0% e 102.9% (p < 0.05) maiores no exercício LP, após a terceira série, em todos os protocolos. FC e DP foram 5.6% e 8.2% (p < 0.05), respectivamente, menores no DP5 e DP15 comparado com o PC, no exercício SH. A FC, PAS e DP foram 5.2%, 8.0% e 14,8% ,respectivamente, menores no DP5 comparado com o PC, no exercício LP. Portanto, parece que o exercício resistido de alta velocidade descontínuo tem uma menor demanda cardiovascular do que exercício resistido contínuo em mulheres idosas.

Freqüência cardíaca; Pressão arterial; Duplo produto; Exercício resistido

Acute cardiovascular responses to different high-velocity resistance exercise protocols were compared in untrained older women. Twelve apparently healthy volunteers (62.6 ± 2.9 years) performed three different protocols on the bench press (BP) and leg press (LP). All protocols consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions performed with a 10RM load and 2 min of rest between sets. The continuous protocol (CP) consisted of 10 repetitions with no pause between repetitions. The discontinuous protocols were performed with a pause of five (DP5) or 15 (DP15) seconds between the fifth and sixth repetition. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were assessed at baseline and at the end of all exercise sets. Factorial ANOVA was used to compare the cardiovascular response among different protocols. Compared to baseline, HR, SBP and RPP were, respectively, 22.3%, 23.2% and 51.2% (p < 0.05) higher for BP exercise, and 41.7%, 43.0% and 102.9% (p < 0.05) higher for LP exercise after the third set in all protocols. For BP exercise, HR and RPP were 5.6% and 8.2% (p < 0.05) lower in DP5 and DP15, respectively, compared to CP. For LP exercise, HR, SBP and RPP were, respectively, 5.2%, 8.0% and 14.8% lower in DP5 compared to CP. In conclusion, discontinuous high-velocity resistance exercise seems to have a lower cardiovascular demand than continuous resistance exercise in older women.

Heart rate; Blood pressure; Double product; Resistance exercise

ARTIGO ORIGINAL

Respostas cardiovasculares agudas de três protocolos de exercício resistido em idosas

Acute cardiovascular response of older women to three resistance exercise protocols

Rodrigo Pereira da Silva^I; Jefferson da Silva Novaes^II; Ricardo Jacó de Oliveira^III; Flávio de Jesus Camilo^IV; Martim Francisco Bottaro Marques^V

^IUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto. MG. Brasil.

^IIUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro. RJ. Brasil.

^IIIUniversidade de Brasília. Brasília. DF. Brasil.

^IVFaculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas. Montes Claros. MG. Brasil.

^{Correspondencia para} Rodrigo Pereira da Silva Rua Professor Paulo de Magalhães Gomes, nº399, Bairro Bauxita CEP: 35400-000. Ouro Preto. MG. Brasil. E-mail: rodrigosilva@cedufop.ufop.br

RESUMO

As respostas cardiovasculares agudas foram comparadas entre três diferentes protocolos de treinamento resistido de alta velocidade de contração muscular em mulheres idosas destreinadas. Doze voluntárias, aparentemente saudáveis (62.6 ± 2,9 anos), realizaram três diferentes protocolos no supino horizontal (SH) e no leg press 45º (LP). Todos os protocolos envolveram três séries de 10 repetições realizados com uma carga de 10RM e 2 minutos de recuperação entre as séries. O protocolo contínuo consistiu em 10 repetições, com nenhuma pausa entre as repetições. Os protocolos descontínuos foram realizados com uma pausa de cinco (PD5) ou 15 (PD15) segundos, entre a quinta e sexta repetições. Frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e duplo produto (DP) foram avaliados no repouso e ao final de todas as séries nos exercícios. ANOVA fatorial foi usada para comparar as respostas cardiovasculares entre os diferentes protocolos. Comparado com o repouso, FC, PAS e DP foram respectivamente 22.3%, 23.2% e 51.2% (p < 0.05) maiores no exercício SH e 41.7%, 43.0% e 102.9% (p < 0.05) maiores no exercício LP, após a terceira série, em todos os protocolos. FC e DP foram 5.6% e 8.2% (p < 0.05), respectivamente, menores no DP5 e DP15 comparado com o PC, no exercício SH. A FC, PAS e DP foram 5.2%, 8.0% e 14,8% ,respectivamente, menores no DP5 comparado com o PC, no exercício LP. Portanto, parece que o exercício resistido de alta velocidade descontínuo tem uma menor demanda cardiovascular do que exercício resistido contínuo em mulheres idosas.

Palavras-chave: Freqüência cardíaca; Pressão arterial; Duplo produto; Exercício resistido

ABSTRACT

Acute cardiovascular responses to different high-velocity resistance exercise protocols were compared in untrained older women. Twelve apparently healthy volunteers (62.6 ± 2.9 years) performed three different protocols on the bench press (BP) and leg press (LP). All protocols consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions performed with a 10RM load and 2 min of rest between sets. The continuous protocol (CP) consisted of 10 repetitions with no pause between repetitions. The discontinuous protocols were performed with a pause of five (DP5) or 15 (DP15) seconds between the fifth and sixth repetition. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate pressure product (RPP) were assessed at baseline and at the end of all exercise sets. Factorial ANOVA was used to compare the cardiovascular response among different protocols. Compared to baseline, HR, SBP and RPP were, respectively, 22.3%, 23.2% and 51.2% (p < 0.05) higher for BP exercise, and 41.7%, 43.0% and 102.9% (p < 0.05) higher for LP exercise after the third set in all protocols. For BP exercise, HR and RPP were 5.6% and 8.2% (p < 0.05) lower in DP5 and DP15, respectively, compared to CP. For LP exercise, HR, SBP and RPP were, respectively, 5.2%, 8.0% and 14.8% lower in DP5 compared to CP. In conclusion, discontinuous high-velocity resistance exercise seems to have a lower cardiovascular demand than continuous resistance exercise in older women.

Keywords: Heart rate; Blood pressure; Double product; Resistance exercise

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Recebido em 19/02/09

Revisado em 25/03/09

Aprovado em 18/05/09

Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147(8):755-763.
Hakkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Pakarinen A, Triplett-McBride T, McBride JM, Hakkinen A, et al. Effects of heavy resistance/power training on maximal strength, muscle morphology, and hormonal response patterns in 60-75-year-old men and women. Can J Appl Physiol 2002;27(3):213-231.
Izquierdo M, Aguado X, Gonzalez R, Lopez JL, Hakkinen K. Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;79(3):260-267.
Bottaro M, Machado S, Nogueira W, Scales R, Veloso J. Effect of High versus Low-Velocity Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness and Functional Performance in Older Men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007;99(3):257-264.
Polito MD, Simão R, Lira VA, Nóbrega ACL, Farinatti PTV. Série fracionada da extensão do joelho porporciona maiores respostas cardiovasculares que séries contínuas. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008;90(6):382-387.
Henwood TR, Taaffe DR. Improved physical performance in older adults undertaking a shortterm program of high-velocity resistance training. Gerontology 2005;51(2):108-115.
Hudra KV, Hicks AL, Mccartney N. Training for muscle power in older adults: effects on functional abilities. Can J Appl Physiol 2003;28(2):178-189.
McCartney N. Acute responses to resistance training and safety. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31(1):31-37.
Karlsdottir AE, Foster C, Porcari JP, Palmer-Mclean K, White-Kube R, Backes RC. Hemodynamic response during aerobic and resistance exercise. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2002;22(3):170-177.
Coelho CW, Hamar D, Araujo CGS. Physiological responses using 2 high-speed resistance training protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2003;17(2):334-337.
Keeler LK, Finkelstein LH, Miller W, Fernhall B. Early Phase adaptations of traditional speed vs. superslow resistance training on strength and aerobic capacity in sedentary individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2001;15(3):309-314.
Bermon S, Rama D, Dolisi C. Cardiovascular tolerance of healthy elderly subjects to weight-lifting exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(11):1845-1848.
Veloso U, Monteiro W, Farinatti P. Exercícios contínuos e fracionados provocam respostas cardiovasculares similares em idosas praticantes de ginástica? Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(2):78-84.
Kraemer WJ, Fry AC. Strength Testing: Development and Evaluation of Methodology In Physiological assessment of human fitness. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1995.
Macdonald JR, Macougall JD, Hogben C. The effects of exercise intensity on post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(8):527-531.
Polito MD, Farinatti PTV. Considerações sobre a medida da pressão arterial em exercícios contra-resistência. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(1):25-33.
Polito MD, Rosa CC, Schardong P. Respostas cardiovasculares agudas na extensão do joelho realizada em diferentes formas de execução. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2004;10(3):173-176.
Carvalho J, Mota J, Soares JMC. Exercício de força versus exercícios aeróbios: tolerância cardiovascular em idosos. Rev Port Cardiol 2003;22(11):1315-1330.
Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Smith SA, Stromstad M, Ide K, Secher NH, et al. The interaction of central command and the exercise pressor reflex in mediating baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 2006;91(1):79-87.
Joyner MJ. Barorecptor function during exercise: resetting the record. Exp Physiol 2006;91(1):27-36.
Mitchell JM. Cardiovascular control during exercise: Central and reflex neural mechanisms. Am J Cardiol 1985;55(10):34D-41D.
Guyenet PG. The sympathetic control of blood pressure. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006;7(5):335-336.
Warren JH, Lewis W, Wraa CE, Stebbins CL. Central and peripheral effects of angiotensina II on the cardiovascular response to exercise. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;38(5):693-705.
Mitchell JH, Schibye B, Payne FC, Saltin B. Response of arterial blood pressure to static exercise in relation to muscle mass, force development, and electromyography activity. Circ Res 1981(6);48:170-175.
Porto M, Orsatti FL, Santos MDB, Burini RC. Impacto do exercício muscular exaustivo sobre indicadores sanguíneos em praticantes de musculação. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2008;10(3):230-236.
Rozenek R, Rosenau L, Rosenau P, Stone MH. The effect of intensity on heart rate and blood lactate response to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 1993;7(1):51-54.
Smolander J, Aminoff T, Korhonen I, Tervo M, Shen N, Korhonen O, et al. Heart rate and blood pressure responses to isometric exercise in young and older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998,77(5):439-444.
Sahlin K, Freyschuss U, Hultman E, Sjoholm H. Effect os short-term CO2 breathing on the CO2 content and intracellular pH in skeletal muscle of man. Clin Physiol 1981,1(5):495-502.
Macdougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Moroz JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J. Appl Physiol 1985,58(3):785-790.
Leite T, Farinnati PTV. Estudo da frequencia cardísca, pressão arterial e duplo produto em exercícios resistidos diversos para grupamentos musculares semelhantes. Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2003,2(1):68-88.

Rodrigo Pereira da Silva

Rua Professor Paulo de Magalhães Gomes, nº399, Bairro Bauxita

CEP: 35400-000. Ouro Preto. MG. Brasil.

E-mail:

rodrigosilva@cedufop.ufop.br

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
09 Out 2012
Data do Fascículo
Abr 2010

Histórico

Revisado
25 Mar 2009
Recebido
19 Fev 2009
Aceito
18 Maio 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147(8):755-763.

[2] Hakkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Pakarinen A, Triplett-McBride T, McBride JM, Hakkinen A, et al. Effects of heavy resistance/power training on maximal strength, muscle morphology, and hormonal response patterns in 60-75-year-old men and women. Can J Appl Physiol 2002;27(3):213-231.

[3] Izquierdo M, Aguado X, Gonzalez R, Lopez JL, Hakkinen K. Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;79(3):260-267.

[4] Bottaro M, Machado S, Nogueira W, Scales R, Veloso J. Effect of High versus Low-Velocity Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness and Functional Performance in Older Men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007;99(3):257-264.

[5] Polito MD, Simão R, Lira VA, Nóbrega ACL, Farinatti PTV. Série fracionada da extensão do joelho porporciona maiores respostas cardiovasculares que séries contínuas. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008;90(6):382-387.

[6] Henwood TR, Taaffe DR. Improved physical performance in older adults undertaking a shortterm program of high-velocity resistance training. Gerontology 2005;51(2):108-115.

[7] Hudra KV, Hicks AL, Mccartney N. Training for muscle power in older adults: effects on functional abilities. Can J Appl Physiol 2003;28(2):178-189.

[8] McCartney N. Acute responses to resistance training and safety. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31(1):31-37.

[9] Karlsdottir AE, Foster C, Porcari JP, Palmer-Mclean K, White-Kube R, Backes RC. Hemodynamic response during aerobic and resistance exercise. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2002;22(3):170-177.

[10] Coelho CW, Hamar D, Araujo CGS. Physiological responses using 2 high-speed resistance training protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2003;17(2):334-337.

[11] Keeler LK, Finkelstein LH, Miller W, Fernhall B. Early Phase adaptations of traditional speed vs. superslow resistance training on strength and aerobic capacity in sedentary individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2001;15(3):309-314.

[12] Bermon S, Rama D, Dolisi C. Cardiovascular tolerance of healthy elderly subjects to weight-lifting exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(11):1845-1848.

[13] Veloso U, Monteiro W, Farinatti P. Exercícios contínuos e fracionados provocam respostas cardiovasculares similares em idosas praticantes de ginástica? Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(2):78-84.

[14] Kraemer WJ, Fry AC. Strength Testing: Development and Evaluation of Methodology In Physiological assessment of human fitness. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1995.

[15] Macdonald JR, Macougall JD, Hogben C. The effects of exercise intensity on post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(8):527-531.

[16] Polito MD, Farinatti PTV. Considerações sobre a medida da pressão arterial em exercícios contra-resistência. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2003;9(1):25-33.

[17] Polito MD, Rosa CC, Schardong P. Respostas cardiovasculares agudas na extensão do joelho realizada em diferentes formas de execução. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2004;10(3):173-176.

[18] Carvalho J, Mota J, Soares JMC. Exercício de força versus exercícios aeróbios: tolerância cardiovascular em idosos. Rev Port Cardiol 2003;22(11):1315-1330.

[19] Gallagher KM, Fadel PJ, Smith SA, Stromstad M, Ide K, Secher NH, et al. The interaction of central command and the exercise pressor reflex in mediating baroreflex resetting during exercise in humans. Exp Physiol 2006;91(1):79-87.

[20] Joyner MJ. Barorecptor function during exercise: resetting the record. Exp Physiol 2006;91(1):27-36.

[21] Mitchell JM. Cardiovascular control during exercise: Central and reflex neural mechanisms. Am J Cardiol 1985;55(10):34D-41D.

[22] Guyenet PG. The sympathetic control of blood pressure. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006;7(5):335-336.

[23] Warren JH, Lewis W, Wraa CE, Stebbins CL. Central and peripheral effects of angiotensina II on the cardiovascular response to exercise. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;38(5):693-705.

[24] Mitchell JH, Schibye B, Payne FC, Saltin B. Response of arterial blood pressure to static exercise in relation to muscle mass, force development, and electromyography activity. Circ Res 1981(6);48:170-175.

[25] Porto M, Orsatti FL, Santos MDB, Burini RC. Impacto do exercício muscular exaustivo sobre indicadores sanguíneos em praticantes de musculação. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2008;10(3):230-236.

[26] Rozenek R, Rosenau L, Rosenau P, Stone MH. The effect of intensity on heart rate and blood lactate response to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 1993;7(1):51-54.

[27] Smolander J, Aminoff T, Korhonen I, Tervo M, Shen N, Korhonen O, et al. Heart rate and blood pressure responses to isometric exercise in young and older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998,77(5):439-444.

[28] Sahlin K, Freyschuss U, Hultman E, Sjoholm H. Effect os short-term CO2 breathing on the CO2 content and intracellular pH in skeletal muscle of man. Clin Physiol 1981,1(5):495-502.

[29] Macdougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Moroz JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J. Appl Physiol 1985,58(3):785-790.

[30] Leite T, Farinnati PTV. Estudo da frequencia cardísca, pressão arterial e duplo produto em exercícios resistidos diversos para grupamentos musculares semelhantes. Rev Bras Fisiol Exerc 2003,2(1):68-88.