ABSTRACT
Inoculating plants with a mix of beneficial microorganisms can significantly improve plant growth and contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, it is unclear if mixed inoculations of microorganisms provide better results than inoculations of a single beneficial microorganism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beneficial microorganisms on the performance of upland rice in a greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design with three repetitions and 26 treatments. The treatments consisted of inoculations of Bacillus sp. (BRM32110), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Bacillus sp. (1301), A. brasilense (Ab-V5) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum in isolation or in a mixture in addition to a control treatment (without application of microorganisms). Microorganisms significantly affected gas exchange, biomass production and nutrient accumulation in upland rice plants. The mixed treatments of BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum and Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum were more effective than the other treatments, with improved gas exchange variables and nutrient concentration. The 1301 + Ab-V5 mixed treatment showed higher averages for biomass production than the other treatments, and these values were significantly different from those of the control treatment.
Key words:
Oryza sativa; inoculation; bioagents; growth promoters
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* - Significant difference from the control treatment by the Dunnett test at p ≤ 0.05; Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the LSD test (p ≤ 0.05); 1 to 26 - Number of treatments; The black bar refers to the control treatment; Treatments: isolated BRM32114 (1); isolate BRM32110 (2); pool of T. asperellum (3); isolate 1381 (4); Ab-V5 isolate (5); isolate 1301 (6) and mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 (7); mix BRM32114 + 1381 (8); mix BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum (9); mix BRM32114 + 32110 + Ab-V5 (10); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 (11); mix 32110 + T. asperellum pool (12); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (13); mix Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (14); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (15); mix 1381 + 1301 (16); mix 1381 + Ab-V5 (17); mix 1301 + Ab-V5 (18); mix 1381 + BRM32114 (19); mix 1301 + BRM32114 (20); mix 1381 + 32110 (21); mix 1301 + 32110 (22); mix 1381 + T. asperellum pool (23); mix 1301 + pool of T. asperellum (24); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + 1381+ pool of T. asperellum + 1301+ Ab-V5 (25) and control (without microorganism) (26)
* - Significant difference from the control treatment by the Dunnett test at p ≤ 0.05; Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the LSD test (p ≤ 0.05); 1 to 26 - Number of treatments; The black bar refers to the control treatment; Treatments: isolated BRM32114 (1); isolate BRM32110 (2); pool of T. asperellum (3); isolate 1381 (4); Ab-V5 isolate (5); isolate 1301 (6) and mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 (7); mix BRM32114 + 1381 (8); mix BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum (9); mix BRM32114 + 32110 + Ab-V5 (10); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 (11); mix 32110 + T. asperellum pool (12); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (13); mix Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (14); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (15); mix 1381 + 1301 (16); mix 1381 + Ab-V5 (17); mix 1301 + Ab-V5 (18); mix 1381 + BRM32114 (19); mix 1301 + BRM32114 (20); mix 1381 + 32110 (21); mix 1301 + 32110 (22); mix 1381 + T. asperellum pool (23); mix 1301 + pool of T. asperellum (24); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + 1381+ pool of T. asperellum + 1301+ Ab-V5 (25) and control (without microorganism) (26)
* - Significant difference from the control treatment by the Dunnett test at p ≤ 0.05; averages followed by the same letter do not differ by the LSD test (p ≤ 0.05); 1 to 26 - Number of treatments; The black bar refers to the control treatment. Treatments: isolated BRM32114 (1); isolate BRM32110 (2); pool of T. asperellum (3); isolate 1381 (4); Ab-V5 isolate (5); isolate 1301 (6) and mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 (7); mix BRM32114 + 1381 (8); mix BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum (9); mix BRM32114 + 32110 + Ab-V5 (10); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 (11); mix 32110 + T. asperellum pool (12); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (13); mix Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (14); mix BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum (15); mix 1381 + 1301 (16); mix 1381 + Ab-V5 (17); mix 1301 + Ab-V5 (18); mix 1381 + BRM32114 (19); mix 1301 + BRM32114 (20); mix 1381 + 32110 (21); mix 1301 + 32110 (22); mix 1381 + T. asperellum pool (23); mix 1301 + pool of T. asperellum (24); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + 1381+ pool of T. asperellum + 1301+ Ab-V5 (25) and control (without microorganism) (26)
Treatments (1 to 26): Isolated BRM32114 (1); isolate BRM32110 (2); pool of T. asperellum (3); isolate 1381 (4); Ab-V5 isolate (5); isolate 1301 (6) and mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 (7); mix BRM32114 + 1381 (8); mix BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum (9); mix BRM32114 + 32110 + Ab-V5 (10); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 (11); mix 32110 + T. asperellum (12); mix 32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (13); Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (14); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum (15); mix 1381 + 1301 (16); mix 1381 + Ab-V5 (17); mix 1301 + Ab-V5 (18); mix 1381 + BRM32114 (19); mix 1301 + BRM32114 (20); mix 1381 + 32110 (21); mix 1301 + 32110 (22); mix 1381 + T. asperellum pool (23); mix 1301 + pool of T. asperellum (24); mix BRM32114 + BRM32110 + 1381+ pool of T. asperellum + 1301+ Ab-V5 (25) and control (without microorganism) (26)