Three new species of Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil and description of male and larva of B. monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993

ABSTRACT

Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. n., Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., and Bruggmannia marambaiensis sp. n. are described and illustrated. All species were collected in Atlantic forest areas. They induce galls on Guapira (Nyctaginaceae), a plant genus native to Brazil, the first on G. pernambucensis and the others on G. opposita. Furthermore, the male and larva of Bruggmannia monteiroi are described for the first time, based on specimens collected in the type locality.

Keywords:
Atlantic forest; Guapira; Gall-inducing species; Morphology; Taxonomy

Introduction

Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 is a Neotropical genus of Cecidomyiidae with 21 known species, 16 from Brazil, two from El Salvador, two from St. Vincent, and one from Cuba (1 in Proença and Maia, 2018, 19 in Gagné and Jaschhof, 2021 and 1 in Maia and Oliveira, 2021). All species are gall-inducers, mostly on Nyctaginaceae (18 species), but also on Myrsinaceae (one species) and Rubiaceae (two species). Concerning Nyctaginaceae, Neea Ruiz & Pav., Guapira Aubl. and Pisonia L. are the host genera, with nine, five and four species of Bruggmannia, respectively (Table 1).

Table 1
Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): list of species, host plants, known stages of life cycle and geographical distribution based on Proença and Maia, 2018; Gagné and Jaschhof, 2021; Maia, 2021; Maia and Oliveira, 2021. AM - Amazonas, BA - Bahia, ES - Espírito Santo, MG - Minas Gerais, MT - Mato Grosso, RJ - Rio de Janeiro, RS - Rio Grande do Sul, SC - Santa Catarina, SP - São Paulo.

Species of Bruggmannia	Host plant		Known stages of life cycle					Geographical distribution
	Family	Species	Larva of 3rd instar	Pupa	Male	Female	Gall
B. acaudata Maia, 2004	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: ES, RJ, BA
B. braziliensis Tavares, 1906	Myrsinaceae	Myrsine sp.	unknown	X	X	X	X	Brazil: RS
B. chapadensis Proença & Maia, 2021	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell.	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: MT
B. depressa (Kieffer 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: SC
B. elongata Maia & Couri, 1993	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: BA, ES, RJ, SP, SC, RS
B. globulifex (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: AM
B. indaiensis	Nyctaginaceae	Neea theifera Oerst.	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: MG
B. lignicola (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: RJ
B. longicauda K (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: RJ
B. longiseta (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: AM
B. micrura (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: AM
B. monteiroi Maia & Couri 1993	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	unknown	X	unknown	X	X	Brazil: RJ
B. neeana (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: RJ
B. pisoniae (Cook, 1909)	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia sp.	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Cuba
B. pisonifolia (Felt, 1912)	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia nigricans Sw.	X	X	X	X	X	St. Vincent
B. pisonioides Gagné, 1994	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia nigricans Sw.	X	X	X	X	X	St. Vincent
B. psychotriae Möhn, 1960	Rubiaceae	Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.	X	X	X	X	X	El Salvador
B. pustulans Möhn, 1960	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia macranthocarpa (Donn. Sm.) Donn. Sm.	X	X	X	X	X	El Salvador
B. randiae Möhn, 1960	Rubiaceae	Randia spinosa Jacq.	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: SC
B. robusta Maia & Couri, 1993	Nyctaginaceae	Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz	X	X	X	X	X	Brazil: SP, RJ, ES, BA, RS
B. ruebsaameni (Kieffer, 1913)	Nyctaginaceae	Neea sp.	X	unknown	unknown	unknown	X	Brazil: SC

The genus is recognizable by male flagellomeres constricted near the middle of nodes; flagellomere necks longer and circumfila less appressed to flagellomeres than in other genera of Schizomyiina; palpus three-segmented; empodia shorter than claws; ovipositor short, not pigmented, with elongate ventral and sparse dorsal setae; cerci separate and tiny; pupa with weakly developed or not produced antennal horns; and the mature larva without a prothoracic sternal spatula (Gagné, 1994). Furthermore, the anal segment is greatly narrowed and elongated in the larvae of most species.

In this paper, four new species that induce galls on Guapira are described, two on G. opposita (Vell.) Reitz and one on G. pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell., the former harboring four previously known species of Bruggmannia and the latter a single one.

Guapira opposita is a widespread plant native to Brazil, where it occurs in the Amazon, Atlantic forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado (Rossetto et al., 2022), while Guapira pernambucensis is endemic to Brazil and restricted to coastal low forests (restinga) areas of the Atlantic forest.

Material and methods

The Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) was examined for specimens of Bruggmannia as well as unidentified gall midges associated with Guapira species. All were mounted on microscope slides. They were collected in areas of Atlantic forest in Brazil (Guarapari, state of Espírito Santo; Mangaratiba and Maricá, state of Rio de Janeiro; and Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul) by several researchers on different dates (see “Material Examined”).

Specimens of Bruggmannia monteiroi were obtained from rearing in laboratory. To this end, fieldwork was carried out in the Maricá restinga (Maricá, RJ) (Fig. 1a), the type locality of the species, from April 2021 to April 2022. During this period, individuals of the host plant, Guapira opposita (Fig. 1b), were examined for galls induced by this cecidomyiid. Gall samples were taken to the laboratory and kept in plastics pots. These pots, layered at the bottom with damp cotton and covered by fine screening, were checked daily for adults. Immature insects were obtained by dissecting galls. All specimens were first preserved in 70% ethanol and later mounted in slides following the methodology outlined in Gagné (1994) and deposited in the Cecidomyiidae Collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ).

Figure 1
Studied area and host plant: a) Restinga de Maricá (Maricá, RJ), b) Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae).

Morphological studies and drawings of the most important taxonomic characters were made with the aid of an optical microscope coupled with photographic camera and drawing tube. Measurements were taken using a microscope slide with scale from 0.01 to 5.0mm. All drawings were scanned and edited using Corel DRAW®. Morphological terminology follows Gagné (2018) for adult terminology, Gagné (1994) for larval and pupal terminology, and Elsayed et al. (2020) just for pupal antennal papillae.

Results

Three previously unknown species of Bruggmannia were found in the MNRJ: Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. N., Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. N., and Bruggmannia marambaiensis sp. N., the first on Guapira pernambucensis and the others on Guapira opposita. Besides, males and larvae of Bruggmannia monteiroi were obtained by lab rearing.

Bruggmannia capixaba, Maia, sp. N.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:82D9BBFD-571A-4DDD-A39A-F54FD066FED3

Description. Male. 2.0-2.7 mm long (n=4). Head (Fig. 2a): eye facets circular, closely appressed; antennae: scape trapezoidal, setose, pedicel globoid, setose, flagellomeres cylindrical, node microtrichose and neck microtrichose, flagellomere node 5 times the length of neck (n=3); 1^st and 2^nd flagellomeres connate; circumfila wavy (Fig. 2b); frons with 17-18 setae (n=3); mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate; hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long anteriorly directed lateral setulae; labella elongate-convex, with lateral and three mesal setae each; palpus: 1^st segment globoid, slightly shorter than 2^nd segment, 2^nd and 3th segments claviform and subequal in length, all segments with setae and scales. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae with scales intermixed, setae more abundant anteriorly and two rows of lateral setae, with scales intermixed; scutellum with setae subdistally; anepimeron with some setae and scales; other pleura bare; wing (Fig. 2c) length (from arculus to apex): 1.70-2.00 mm (n=4); legs broken in all specimens immediately after first tarsomere. Abdomen (Fig. 2d): 1^st-7^th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, scales scattered, basal pair of trichoid sensilla not visible; 8^th tergite not visible; 2^nd-8^th sternites rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, a basal pair of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia (Fig. 3a): gonocoxite hemispherical, setose, setae more abundant at the apex, microtrichose, 2.7 times the length of gonostylus; gonostylus squarish with a row of setae just below teeth, scattered setae, microtrichose; cerci separate, riniform, setose, microtrichose; hypoproct bilobed, setose, microtrichose; aedeagus glossiform, gonocoxal lobes very short.

Figure 2
Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. n., male: a) Head, frontal view, b) 3^rd flagellomere, c) Wing, d) 5^th-8^th abdominal segments, lateral view.

Figure 3
Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. n.: a) Male terminalia, dorsal view, b) Female 3^rd flagellomere, c) Female, 7^th - 8^th abdominal segments, ventral view, d) Ovipositor, ventral view.

Female. 2.7-2.9 mm long (n=2). Circumfila less sinuous than in male, with two connected rings (Fig. 3b); frons with 18 setae (n=1); labella elongate-convex, 1.5 times as long as wide (n=1); palpus: 1^st segment globoid, conspicuously shorter than 2^nd segment; wing length (from arculus to apex): 1.95-2.10 mm (n=4); legs broken in all specimens immediately after first tarsomere. Abdomen (Fig. 3c): 1^st-7^th tergites as in male; 8^th tergite sclerotized, laterally notched, with distal row of setae, scales scattered, basal pair of trichoid sensilla not visible; 2^nd-6^th sternites rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 7^th sternite 1.5 times as long as 6^th sternite, rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th sternite not sclerotized; ovipositor (Fig. 3d) soft, short, 1.85 times the length of 7^th sternite (n=1); cerci tiny with some short setae.

Pupa (Fig. 4a), 3.1-3.5 mm long (n=3). Integument brownish. Head (Fig. 4b): a pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn conical, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.4 times the length of prothoracic spiracle; upper facial horns conical; lower facial horns conical; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, a triplet of papillae (two with setae and one bare) near base of each palpus; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument grainy just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, relatively short, 0.12 mm long, 2.0 times as long as flagellomeres width (Fig. 4b), prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles with grainy integument (Fig. 4b). Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2^nd-8^th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally, spines in the 2^nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3^rd-8^th segments (Fig. 4c), integument ventrally sculptured (Fig. 4d). Last segment with two terminal conical projections far apart (Fig. 4e) (pupal sex not determined, all specimens similar to each other).

Figure 4
Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. n., pupa: a) General aspect, dorsal view, b) Head and prothoracic spiracles, ventral view, c) 7^th abdominal segment, dorsal view, d) 7^th abdominal segment, ventral view, e) Terminal segment, ventral view, f) Gall, general aspect (from Bregonci et al., 2010, original photo without scale).

Larva unknown.

Gall: on leaves, globose, pink, with trichomes, and one-chambered on Guapira pernambucensis (Fig. 4f).

Etymology. The word “capixaba” means native of the state of Espírito Santo.

Material Examined. Holotype male. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Guarapari, PEPCV (Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha), 2007, Bregonci & Polycarpo col., MNRJ. Paratypes: same locality, date and collector as holotype, 3 males, 2 females, 5 pupal exuviae, MNRJ.

Distribution: Espírito Santo (Guarapari).

Comments. This species is unique in having glossiform edeagus; ovipositor 1.85 times the length of 7^th sternite; setiform, curved, relatively short prothoracic spiracles; lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles; short and sparse abdominal spines. Other two species of Bruggmannia associated with Guapira have glossiform aedegus - B. chapadensis Proença & Maia, 2018 and B. gaucha Maia & Mendonça, sp. N., but they differ from each other mainly in the following characters: relative length of ovipositor (in B. capixaba 1.85 x length of 7^th sternite, in B. chapadensis 1.4 x and in B. gaucha 1.7 x), shape of upper facial horn (conical in B. capixaba and B. gaucha, semicircular in the other two species), length of prothoracic spiracle (longer in B. capixaba than in the others), arrangement of dorsal spines (only centrally in B. capixaba and B. chapadensis, along the entire width of 2^nd to 8^th abdominal tergites in B. gaucha).

Bruggmannia gaucha, Maia & Mendonça, sp. N.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7C706DC-FA54-4D35-AFAD-31E026904EFC

Description. Male. 2.0-2.3 mm long (n=3). Head: eye facets circular, closely appressed; antennae: scape trapezoidal, setose, pedicel globoid, setose, flagellomeres cylindrical, node microtrichose and neck almost entirely microtrichose, flagellomere node 3.6 times the length of neck (n=3); 1^st and 2^nd flagellomeres connate; circumfila wavy (Fig. 5a); last three flagellomeres similar in length (Fig. 5b); frons barely visible in the slides; mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate; hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long anteriorly directed lateral setulae; labella elongate-convex, with lateral and two mesal setae each; palpus: 1^st segment globoid, 2^nd and 3th segments claviform, 2^nd segment 1.5 times as long as 1^st segment, 3^nd segment 1.5 times as long as 2^nd segment, all segments with setae and scales. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae with scales intermixed, setae more abundant anteriorly and two rows of lateral setae, with scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron with a longitudinal row of setae and some scales; other pleura bare; wing (Fig. 5c) length (from arculus to apex): 2.10-2.20 mm (n=3); tarsal claws bent beyond midlength, empodium reaching bent in claws (Fig. 5d). Abdomen (Fig. 5e): 1^st-7^h tergites sclerotized, rectangular with posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, scales scattered, no basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th tergite not visible; 2^nd-8^th sternites rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia (Fig. 5f): gonocoxite hemispherical, setose, setae more abundant at the apex, microtrichose, 2.0-2.2 times the length of gonostylus; gonostylus squarish with a row of setae just below teeth, scattered setae, microtrichose; cerci separate, riniform, setose, microtrichose; hypoproct bilobed, setose, microtrichose; aedeagus glossiform, gonocoxal lobes very short.

Figure 5
Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., male: a) 3^rd flagellomere, b) 10^th - 12^th flagellomeres, c) Wing, d) Tarsal claw, foreleg, lateral view, e) Abdominal segments, f) Terminalia, dorsal view.

Female. 3.2-3.5 mm long (n=3). Head as in male (Fig. 6a), circumfila less sinuous than in male, with two connected rings (Fig. 6b); frons with 30 setae (n=2); labella elongate-convex, 2.0-3.0 times as long as wide (n=3); palpus: 2^nd segment 2.0 times as long as 1^st segment, 2^nd and 3^rd segments subequal in length; wing length (from arculus to apex): 2.35-2.50 mm (n=3). Abdomen (Figs. 6c-7a): 1^st-7^th tergites as in male; 8^th tergite sclerotized, laterally notched, with distal row of setae, scales scattered, no basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 2^nd-6^th sternites as in male; 7^th sternite 1.72-1.86 times as long as 6^th sternite, with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th sternite not sclerotized; ovipositor (Fig. 7b) soft, short, 1.72 times the length of 7^th sternite (n=1); cerci tiny with some short setae.

Figure 6
Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., female: a) Head, ventral view, b) 5^th flagellomere, c) 6^th - 8^th abdominal segments, dorsal view.

Figure 7
Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., female: a) 6^th and 7^th abdominal segments, ventral view, b) Ovipositor, lateral view.

Pupa (Fig. 8a). 2.1-3.1 mm long (n=2). Integument brownish. Head (Fig. 8b): pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn conical, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.7 times the length of prothoracic spiracle; upper facial horns semicircular; lower facial horns conical; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, the other bare; two lateral facial papillae near base of each palpus, one with setae, the other bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument wrinkled just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, short, 0.08-0.09 mm long, 1.2-1.3 times as long as flagellomeres width, prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, no lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles. Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2^nd-8^th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally, spines in the 2^nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3^rd-8^th segments (Fig. 8c), integument ventrally sculptured. Last segment with two rounded terminal projections in both sexes, projections close together and longer in male pupa, projections far apart and shorter in female pupa (Figs. 8d, e).

Figure 8
Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., pupa: a) General aspect, dorsal view, b) Head, ventral view, c) 7^th abdominal segment to end, dorsal view, d-e) Terminal segment, sexual dimorfism, ventral view: d) Male pupa, e) Female pupa.

Larva (Fig. 9a). 3.20 mm long (n=3), body elongate, cylindrical, tapered towards posterior end; integument rough. Prothoracic sternal spatula absent, sternal papillae setose; three setose lateral papillae on each side, four dorsal papillae setose from 1^st to 7^th abdominal segments. Terminal segment with 1/5 of total length of larva, integument rough dorsally, elongate and strongly tapered towards apex, a group of setulae subasally (Fig. 9b). Papillae not visible. Anus rounded.

Figure 9
Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n. a) Larva, general aspect, dorsal view, b) Larva, terminal segment, lateral view, c) Gall, general aspect.

Gall (Fig. 9c): on stem, fusiform to ovoid, reddish, glabrous, one to multichambered on Guapira opposita.

Etymology. The name “gaucha” means native of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Material Examined. Holotype male. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (Morro Santana), 22.X.2013, Rodrigues A. col, MNRJ. Paratypes: same locality, date and collector as holotype, 2 males, 3 females, 2 pupal exuviae, 2 pupae, 4 larvae, MNRJ.

Distribution: Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre, Viamão, Canela, Maquiné e Torres).

Comments. This species is unique in having the following set of characters: 1) Adults: glossiform aedeagus, ovipositor 1.72 times the length of 7^th sternite; 2) Pupa: no lateral projection below prothoracic spiracles; setiform, curved and short prothoracic spiracles; short and not sparse abdominal spines; and 3) Larva: terminal segment with 1/5 of total length of body. The comparison between Bruggmannia gaucha and other congeneric species on Guapira was showed in the comments of B. capixaba.

Bruggmannia marambaiensis Maia & Espinheira, sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0EFC4395-BD6C-4768-A91B-A891E079387B

Description. Male. 2.4-2.8 mm long (n=4). Head (Fig. 10a): eye facets circular, closely appressed; antennae: scape trapezoidal, setose, pedicel globoid, setose, flagellomeres cylindrical, node microtrichose and neck bare, flagellomere node 5 times the length of neck (n=3); 1^st and 2^nd flagellomeres connate, circumfila wavy (Fig. 10b); frons with 25-37 setae (n=3); mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate; hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long anteriorly directed lateral setulae; labella elongate-convex, with lateral and three mesal setae each; palpus: 1^st segment globoid, shorter than 2^nd segment, 2^nd and 3th segments claviform, 2^nd segment 1.1-1.5 times as long as 1^st segment, 3^rd segment 1.3-1.5 as long as 2^nd segment, all segments with setae and scales. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae with scales intermixed, setae more abundant anteriorly and two rows of lateral setae, with scales intermixed; scutellum with setae subdistally; anepimeron with some setae and scales; other pleura bare; wing (Fig. 10c) length (from arculus to apex): 1.80-1.90 mm (n=2); tarsal claws bent beyond midlength, empodium rudimentary (Fig. 10d). Abdomen (Fig. 10e): 1^st-6^th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with posterior row of setae, no lateral setae, scales scattered, no basal pair of trichoid sensilla, 7^th tergite sclerotized, rectangular with posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, scales scattered, no basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th tergite sclerotized, with a mesal reentrance at distal margin, bare; 2^nd-6^th sternites rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 7^th sternite with a mesal reentrance at basal margin, posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla,8^th sternite rectangular, with scattered setae, scales and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia (Fig. 11a): gonocoxite hemispherical, setose, setae more abundant at the apex, microtrichose, 2.0-2.5 times the length of gonostylus; gonostylus squarish with a row of setae just below teeth, scattered setae, microtrichose; cerci wide with lobes rounded, setose, microtrichose; hypoproct bilobed, lobes narrower than cercal lobes, microtrichose; aedeagus conical, gonocoxal lobes very short.

Figure 10
Bruggmannia marambaiensis, sp. n., male: a) Head, frontal view, b) 6th flagellomere, c) Wing, d) Tarsal claw, foreleg, lateral view, e) 6^th - 8^th abdominal segments, lateral view.

Figure 11
Bruggmannia marambaiensis, sp. n., a) Male terminalia, dorsal view, b) Female 5th flagellomere, c) Female 9^th -12^th flagellomeres, d) Female 7^th - 8^th abdominal segments, lateral view, e) Ovipositor, lateral view.

Female. 2.5-3.0 mm long (n=4). Circumfila less sinuous than in male, with two connected rings (Fig. 11b); last three flagellomeres shorter than others (Fig. 11c); frons with 42 setae (n=1); labella elongate-convex; palpus: 2^nd segment 2 times as long as 1^st segment, 3^rd segment 1.3 as long as 2^nd segment; wing length (from arculus to apex): 1.95-2.20 mm (n=5). Abdomen (Fig. 11d): 1^st-7^th tergites as in male; 8^th not visible; 2^nd-6^th sternites as in male; 7^th sternite 2.0 times as long as 6^th sternite, with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th sternite not sclerotized; ovipositor (Fig. 11e) soft, short, subequal to 7^th sternite in lenght (n=1); cerci tiny with some short setae.

Pupa (Fig. 12a). 2.5-3.0 mm long (n=5). Integument brownish. Head (Fig. 12b): a pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn triangular, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.5 times the length of prothoracic spiracle (n=5); upper facial horns triangular; lower facial horns absent; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, the other bare; a triplet of papillae (two with setae and one bare) near base of each palpus; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument wrinkled just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, relatively short, 0.15 mm long, 2.0 times as long as flagellomeres width (n=5), prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, no lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles. Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2^nd-8^th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally (Fig. 12c), spines in the 2^nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3^rd-8^th segments, integument ventrally sculptured (Fig. 12d). Last segment with two rounded terminal projections far apart in female pupa and absent in male pupa (Figs. 13a, b).

Figure 12
Bruggmannia marambaiensis, sp. n., pupa: a) General aspect, lateral view, b) Head and prothoracic spiracle, ventral view, c) Last abdominal segments, dorsal view, d) 6^th abdominal segment, ventral view.

Figure 13
Bruggmannia marambaiensis, sp. n.: a-b) Pupa, terminal segment, sexual dimorfism, ventral view, a) Male pupa, b) Female pupa, c) Larva, general aspect, d) Gall, general aspect (from Rodrigues et al., 2014, original photo without scale).

Larva. 2.8-3.5 mm long (n=5), body elongate, cylindrical, tapered towards posterior end (Fig. 13c). Integument rough. Prothoracic sternal spatula absent, sternal papillae setose; three setose lateral papillae on each side, four dorsal papillae setose from 1^st to 7^th abdominal segments. Terminal segment with 1/3-1/4 of total length of larva (n=5), elongate and strongly tapered towards apex; integument spiny dorsally, a group of setulae near basal margin. Papillae not visible. Anus rounded.

Gall: on leaves, globoid, brown, glabrous, and one-chambered on Guapira opposita.

(Fig. 13d).

Etymology. The name “marambaiensis” refers to the type-locality: Marambaia Island.

Material Examined. Holotype male. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba, Ilha da Marambaia, Praia do Sítio, 29.vii.2010, Rodrigues A. col, MNRJ. Paratypes: same locality, date and collector as holotype, 2 males, same locality and collector, 21.xi.2010, 2 males, 4 females, 6 pupal exuviae), same locality and collector, 22.vi.2020, 1 female, same locality and collector, 25.vii.2010, 6 pupal exuviae, same locality and collector, 24.ii.2011, 6 larvae, MNRJ.

Distribution: Rio de Janeiro (Mangaratiba).

Comments. This species is unique in having the following set of characters: 1) Adults: conical aedeagus; ovipositor and 7^th sternite subequal in length; 2) Pupa: no lateral projection below prothoracic spiracles; setiform, little curved and long prothoracic spiracles; long and sparse abdominal spines; and 3) Larva: terminal segment with 1/3-1/4 of total length of body. Bruggmannia marambaiensis has aedeagus conical. There is only one other congeneric species with conical aedeagus on Guapira, Bruggmannia elongata Maia & Couri, 1993. Both species differ from each other mainly in the length of empodia (rudimentary in B. marambaiensis and reaching the midlength of tarsal claws in B. elongata), shape of upper facial horns (conspicuously more pointed in the new species than those of B. elongata), width of dorsal plate (narrower in B. marambaiensis than that of B. elongata), and arrangement of abdominal dorsal spines (along the entire width of B. marambaiensis and only centrally in B. elongata).

Bruggmannia monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993

Male description. Adult. 2.95-3.40 mm long (n=3). Head (Fig. 14a): eye facets circular, closely appressed; antennae: scape trapezoidal, setose, pedicel globoid, setose, flagellomeres cylindrical, with microtrichose node and glabrous neck, flagellomere node 6.5 times the length of neck; 1^st and 2^nd flagellomeres connate; circumfila wavy (Fig. 14b); frons with 26 setae (n=1); mouth parts: labrum long-attenuate; hypopharynx of the same shape of labrum, with long anteriorly directed lateral setulae; labella elongate-convex, with lateral and three mesal setae each; palpus: 1^st segment and, 2^nd segment ovoid, subequal in lenght, 3^rd segment cylindrical, about 1.5-2.25 times the length of 2^nd segment (n=3), all segments with setae and scales. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly, two groups of lateral setae with scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron with several setae and scales; other pleura bare; wing (Fig. 14c) length (from arculus to apex): 1.70-2.25 mm (n=3); all legs broken. Abdomen (Fig. 14d): 1^st-7^th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with posterior row of setae, few lateral setae, scales scattered, no basal pair of trichoid sensilla; 8^th tergite with an indentation at distal margin in midlenght, bare; 2^nd-7^th sternites rectangular with posterior row of setae, numerous setae at midlength, lateral setae present, scales scattered, a basal pair of trichoid sensilla, 8^th sternite with a reentrance at basal margin, near midlength, with scattered setae and scales, and a basal pair of trichoid sensilla. Terminalia (Fig. 14e): gonocoxite hemispherical, setose, 2.6-3.0 times the length of gonostylus (n=2); gonostylus rectangular with scattered setae, cerci separate, riniform, setose; hypoproct bilobed, setose; aedeagus conical, gonocoxal lobes very short.

Figure 14
Bruggmannia monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993, male: a) Head, frontal view, b) 5^th flagellomere, c) Wing, d) 5^th - 8^th abdominal segments, lateral view, e) Terminalia, dorsolateral view.

Pupa redescription (Fig. 15a). 3,0-4.3 mm long (n=7). Integument brownish. Head: a pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn triangular, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.07-0.08mm long (n=5); upper facial horns conical, short; lower facial horns absent; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, the other bare; a triplet of papillae (two with setae and one bare) near base of each palpus; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face without lateral projection, head integument wrinkled just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns and below them. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle not projected (Fig. 15b), prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, no lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles. Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2^nd-8^th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally (Fig. 15c), spines in the 2^nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3^rd-8^th segments, integument ventrally sculptured. Last segment with two rounded terminal projections in both sexes, far apart in female pupa and closely appressed in male pupa (Figs. 15d, e).

Figure 15
Bruggmannia monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993, pupa: a) General aspect, ventral view, b) Prothoracic spiracle, dorsal view, c) 6^th - 9^th abdominal segments, dorsal view, d-e) Terminal segment, sexual dimorfism, ventral view: d) Male pupa, e) Female pupa.

Larva description. 3.20 mm long (n=1), body elongate, cylindrical, tapered towards posterior end (Fig. 16a); integument rough (Fig. 16b). Prothoracic sternal spatula absent, sternal papillae setose; three setose lateral papillae on each side, four dorsal papillae setose from 1^st to 7^th abdominal segments. Terminal segment (Fig. 16c) with 1/16 of the total length of larva, elongate and strongly tapered towards apex, with four setose papillae; anus cleft; integument rough dorsally, ventrally with rounded sculptures near anus and striated distally.

Figure 16
Bruggmannia monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993: a-c) Larva, a) General aspect, b) Last abdominal segments, integument, dorsal view, c) Terminal segment, ventral view, d) Gall, general aspect.

Gall (Fig. 16d). On bud, globose, green or reddish, with trichomes, one-chambered.

Material Examined. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Maricá, APA de Maricá, 18.v.2020, Maia & Gomes col., 2 males, 3 male pupal exuviae, 1 female pupal exuvia (emergence on 21.V.2020). Same locality and collectors, 27.iv.2021, 1 male pupal exuvia; 25.v.2021, 1 male (emergence on 31.V.2020), 2 female pupal exuviae and 1 larva; 31.v.2021, 1 male pupal exuvia; 07.vi.2021, 1 male + pupal exuviae; 31.vii.2021, 1 female pupal exuviae and 1 male pupa.

Acknowledgments

I thank Bruno Gomes (scientific initiation trainee, Museu Nacional/UFRJ) for field assistance.

• urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96E3B73B-F19C-4992-825E-22840D5BB7FC

• Funding

  This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (VCM - Proc. 301481/2017-2, MSMJ - Proc. 311298/2019-2, BG- Proc. 308045/2017-3).

References

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  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032010000100023
• Elsayed, A.K., Fujita, S., Tokuda, M., 2020. Description of the larva and pupa of Diadiplosis hirticornis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a predator of mealybugs. Jpn. J. Syst. Entomol. 26, 43-47.
• Gagné, R.J., 1994. The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 352 pp.
• Gagné, R. J., 2018. Key to adults of North American genera of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: cecidomyiidae. Zootaxa 4392 (3), 401-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.1
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• Gagné, R.J., Jaschhof, M., 2021. A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World, 5th ed. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C., 813 pp. Digital version.
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  » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1038
• Maia, V.C., Oliveira, L.A., 2021. A new species of Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Neea theifera (Nyctaginaceae), a native plant to Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 1984816, https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2021
  » https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2021
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• Rossetto, E.F.S., Sá, C.F.C., Souza, F.S., Coelho, A.A.O.P., 2022. Guapira. In: Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Ed.), Flora e Funga do Brasil. Available in: https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB10913 (accessed 15 May 2022).
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Edited by

Associate Editor: Sarah Oliveira

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  12 May 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  18 Oct 2022
• Accepted
  20 Mar 2023