Influência da tecnologia assistiva no desempenho funcional e na qualidade de vida de idosos comunitários frágeis: uma revisão bibliográfica

Andrade, Valéria Sousa de; Pereira, Leani Souza Máximo

doi:10.1590/1809-9823.2009120110

Resumo

Dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva têm sido utilizados como forma de incrementar capacidade funcional, autonomia e qualidade de vida dos idosos fragilizados que vivem em seu domicílio. A fim de averiguar tal item, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica através de busca em bancos de dados, capítulos de livros, referências citadas nos artigos obtidos e artigos recebidos autores via internet ou correio. Os resultados obtidos indicaram diminuição da dependência dos idosos durante o cuidado pessoal, melhoria de sua socialização, incremento da tranquilidade e segurança dos cuidadores quanto à realização das tarefas funcionais pelos idosos e diminuição de episódios de reinternação e de gastos relacionados à saúde. Concluiu-se que os dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva são de grande valia para os idosos, aumentando sua capacidade funcional, autonomia e a qualidade de vida.

Palavras-chave:
Equipamentos de auto-ajuda; Idoso Fragilizado; Autonomia pessoal; Qualidade de vida; Assistência domiciliar; Revisão

Abstract

Assistive technology devices have been used to improve functional capability, autonomy, and quality of life of community-dwelling frail elderly people. In order to evaluate it, a bibliographic review was conducted through articles in databank, book chapters, other articles and by their authors who directly sent them by mail or e-mail. It was observed a decrease of those elderly people's dependence while taking care of themselves, improvement of their socialization, betterment of caregivers' safety and peacefulness regarding the performance of functional activities by elderly people, and a lowering of constant frail aging people's hospitalizations and concomitant health-related costs. The conclusion was that assistive technology devices are quite valuable to community-dwelling frail elderly people, improving their functional capacity, autonomy, and quality of life.

Key words:
Self-help devices; Frail Elderly; Personal Autonomy; Quality of life; Home Nursing; Review

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REFERÊNCIAS

¹
Papaleo Netto M. O estudo da velhice: histórico, definição do campo e termos básicos. In: Freitas EV, et al. Tratado de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2006. p. 2-12.
²
Gitlin LN, Levine RE. Prescribing adaptive devices to the elderly: principles to treatment in the home. Int J Technol Aging 1992; 5(1): 107-20.
³
Chen T, et al. Caregiver involvement in the use of assistive devices by frail older persons. OTJR : occupation, participation and health 2002 Jul; 20(3): 179-99.
⁴
Gitlin LN, Luborsky MR, Schemm RL. Emerging concerns of older stroke patients about assistive device use. Gerontologist 1998 April; 38(2): 169-80.
⁵
Tomita M, et al. Predictors of the use of assistive device that address physical impairments among community-based frail elders. J Appl Gerontol 2004 Jun; 23(2): 141-55.
⁶
Freedman VA, et al. Trends in the use of assistive technology and personal care for late-life disability, 1992-2001. Gerontologist 2006 Feb; 46(1): 124-7.
⁷
Mello MAF, Ramos LR. A necessidade de equipamentos de auto-ajuda e adaptações ambientais de idosos dependentes vivendo na comunidade, São Paulo, Brasil [tese]. São Paulo: UNIFESP, Escola de Medicina; 1999.
⁸
Agree EM, Freedman VA. Incorporating assistive devices into community-based long-term care: an analysis of the potential for substitution and supplementation. J Aging Health 2000 Aug; 12(3): 426-50.
⁹
Iwarsson S, Isacsson Ä, Lanke J. ADL dependence in the elderly population living in the community: the influence of functional limitations and physical environmental demand. Occup Ther Int 1998 Aug; 5(3): 173-93.
¹⁰
Cornman J, Freedman V, Agree E. Measurement of assistive device use: implications for estimates of device use and disability in later life. Gerontologist 2005 Jun; 45(3): 347-58.
¹¹
Gosman-Hedström G, et al. Use and cost of assistive technology the first year after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2002 Jul; 18(3): 520-7.
¹²
Mann WC, et al. Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental intervention in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs for the frail elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Fam Med 1999 May; 8(3): 210-7.
¹³
Mann WC, et al. Frail older adults' self-report of their most important assistive device. OTJR : occupation, participation and health 2004; 24(1): 1-9.
¹⁴
Gosman-Hedström G, Blomstrand C. Dependence and health-related quality of life in elderly people using assistive devices after acute stroke. Tecnology and Disability 2003; 15(4): 231-8.
¹⁵
Gitlin LN, Levine R, Geiger C. Adaptive device use by older adults with mixed disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Jun; 74: 149-52.
¹⁶
Agree EM, Freedman VA. A comparison of assistive technology and personal care in alleviating disability and unmet need. Gerontologist 2003 Jun; 43(3): 335-44.
¹⁷
Wessels R, et al. Non-use of provided assistive technology devices, a literature overview. Technology and disability 2003 Dec; 15(4): 231-8.
¹⁸
Mello MAF. The need of assistive devices by older dependent people living in community, São Paulo, Brazil. Proceedings of International Conference of Aging, Disability and Independence 2006, Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg: UFL; 2006. p.88

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
Jan-Apr 2009

Histórico

Recebido
22 Jan 2008
Aceito
29 Jul 2008

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

[1] ¹
Papaleo Netto M. O estudo da velhice: histórico, definição do campo e termos básicos. In: Freitas EV, et al. Tratado de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2006. p. 2-12.

[2] ²
Gitlin LN, Levine RE. Prescribing adaptive devices to the elderly: principles to treatment in the home. Int J Technol Aging 1992; 5(1): 107-20.

[3] ³
Chen T, et al. Caregiver involvement in the use of assistive devices by frail older persons. OTJR : occupation, participation and health 2002 Jul; 20(3): 179-99.

[4] ⁴
Gitlin LN, Luborsky MR, Schemm RL. Emerging concerns of older stroke patients about assistive device use. Gerontologist 1998 April; 38(2): 169-80.

[5] ⁵
Tomita M, et al. Predictors of the use of assistive device that address physical impairments among community-based frail elders. J Appl Gerontol 2004 Jun; 23(2): 141-55.

[6] ⁶
Freedman VA, et al. Trends in the use of assistive technology and personal care for late-life disability, 1992-2001. Gerontologist 2006 Feb; 46(1): 124-7.

[7] ⁷
Mello MAF, Ramos LR. A necessidade de equipamentos de auto-ajuda e adaptações ambientais de idosos dependentes vivendo na comunidade, São Paulo, Brasil [tese]. São Paulo: UNIFESP, Escola de Medicina; 1999.

[8] ⁸
Agree EM, Freedman VA. Incorporating assistive devices into community-based long-term care: an analysis of the potential for substitution and supplementation. J Aging Health 2000 Aug; 12(3): 426-50.

[9] ⁹
Iwarsson S, Isacsson Ä, Lanke J. ADL dependence in the elderly population living in the community: the influence of functional limitations and physical environmental demand. Occup Ther Int 1998 Aug; 5(3): 173-93.

[10] ¹⁰
Cornman J, Freedman V, Agree E. Measurement of assistive device use: implications for estimates of device use and disability in later life. Gerontologist 2005 Jun; 45(3): 347-58.

[11] ¹¹
Gosman-Hedström G, et al. Use and cost of assistive technology the first year after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2002 Jul; 18(3): 520-7.

[12] ¹²
Mann WC, et al. Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental intervention in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs for the frail elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Fam Med 1999 May; 8(3): 210-7.

[13] ¹³
Mann WC, et al. Frail older adults' self-report of their most important assistive device. OTJR : occupation, participation and health 2004; 24(1): 1-9.

[14] ¹⁴
Gosman-Hedström G, Blomstrand C. Dependence and health-related quality of life in elderly people using assistive devices after acute stroke. Tecnology and Disability 2003; 15(4): 231-8.

[15] ¹⁵
Gitlin LN, Levine R, Geiger C. Adaptive device use by older adults with mixed disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Jun; 74: 149-52.

[16] ¹⁶
Agree EM, Freedman VA. A comparison of assistive technology and personal care in alleviating disability and unmet need. Gerontologist 2003 Jun; 43(3): 335-44.

[17] ¹⁷
Wessels R, et al. Non-use of provided assistive technology devices, a literature overview. Technology and disability 2003 Dec; 15(4): 231-8.

[18] ¹⁸
Mello MAF. The need of assistive devices by older dependent people living in community, São Paulo, Brazil. Proceedings of International Conference of Aging, Disability and Independence 2006, Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg: UFL; 2006. p.88

Brasil