To follow or not to follow the recommendations regarding microscopic analysis of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute H20-A2 to validate the criteria for blood smear review?

Dear Editor,

We read with great interest the Letter to the Editor by Grotto¹ on the need to follow the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2007 H20-A2² guidelines during microscopic analysis in reply to the study by Comar et al.³ We appreciate the comments that ensured extensive discussion on this subject.

The work of Barnes et al.,⁴ which represents the core of the criteria for blood smear review (BSR) recommended by the International Society for Laboratory Hematology (ISLH), emanates from an international consensus among 20 experts in 2002 during a conference in Indian Wells, CA, USA. In consensus, Barnes et al.⁴ proposed a nine-step protocol for validating the BSR criteria in routine laboratory practices. Step 4 of this protocol is as follows: "Perform a slide review of all samples. Limit the reviews to only one or two senior technologists for consistency. Manual differentials should only be performed if there is a specific need to do so (e.g., Vote out, abnormal cell-type flags, etc.)"

The step-wise protocol by Barnes et al.⁴ does not mention the NCCLS H20-A5 as a sine qua non condition for the micro- scopic review of blood smears. In their work, Barnes et al.⁴ did not mandate the application of the NCCLS H20-A5 guidelines, as interpreted by Grotto.¹ Thus, Barnes et al.⁴ did not exclude the possibility of one observer counting 100 cells to validate the BSR criteria. We therefore understand that counting per- formed by either one or two observers is equally acceptable.

The CLSI H20-A2² (formerly NCCLS H20-A)⁵ is a reference document to evaluate hematology analyzers that perform automated leukocyte differential counts and consider the visual leukocyte differential count as the gold standard. Most studies that rigorously followed this guideline specifically evaluated the automated leukocyte differential count and the suspect flags of the hematology analyzers.^{6 , 7} On the other hand, studies evaluating sets of criteria for BSR did not necessarily follow the recommendations of the NCCLS H20-A5 or

CLSI H20-A2² regarding the microscopic analysis.^{4 , 8-11} Thus, we emphasize that, in the study of Comar et al.³ the step-wise rules of Barnes et al.⁴ that exclusively deal with the validation of the BSR criteria were followed.

We believe that Barnes et al.⁴ recommended slide review by either one or two observers, without specifying a set number of slides per sample nor the number of cells to be counted per slide, to enable application of the same protocols of sample collection and processing as in routine protocols for validation purpose, thus simulating the real-time conditions of most hematology laboratories.

We evaluated the criteria for BSR by using the hematology analyzers provided by Sysmex Corporation.3 The application of the criteria for BSR adapted from ISLH resulted in high false negative (FN) (>5%) and microscopic review rates (MRR). Similar results were reported by Xing et al.¹² in an analysis of 2400 samples using the ADVIA 120/2120 hematology analyzer, according to the screening criteria proposed by ISLH and their own positive smear findings [FN = 5.5%, false positives (FP) = 28.1%, and MRR = 50.2%]. It is important to emphasize that we did not conclude "the inadequate performance of both pieces of equipment" in any instance of the proposals by Comar et al.³ We explained that 30% of the FP results (i.e., 6.98% of the total samples or 138 samples in 1977) occurred due to the presence of suspect flags in the samples. This percentage represents the sum of all suspect flags generated in all samples and whose microscopic counterpart did not provide any positive smear finding. We believe that the FP rates observed by Comar et al.³ can be partially attributed to the profile of the samples analyzed and not to the brand or type of hematology analyzer used. As evidence, in another laboratory where one of the authors works and which generally attends outpatients, the application of the same criteria for BSR using similar hematology analyzers resulted in a daily MRR of 5-20%, an FP rate of 3-10%, and an FN rate of <5% (unpublished data).

In our experience, in individual analysis, the main suspect flags delivered the following results using the XE-2100D hematology analyzer for samples similar to those used by Comar et al.³ : The FN rate and efficiency for immature granulocytes were 1.15% and 94.71%; the FN rate for blasts was 0.17% (n = 3 samples); and the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity for Left Shift were 82.4%, 44%, and 92.08%, respectively.¹³ Therefore, unlike Grotto's (1) interpretation, the performances of these suspect flags were almost similar to those reported by Stamminger et al.⁶ and Ruzicka et al.¹⁴

In summary, each laboratory should establish its own criteria for BSR of blood counts according to their peculiarities, possibilities, and limitations, and it should follow the appropriate guidelines and tools to validate such criteria in routine laboratory practices. After a careful analysis of the results discussed above, we conclude that the use of the rules proposed by Barnes et al.⁴ was adequate in the study of Comar et al.³

REFERENCES

• ¹
  Grotto HZ. Why and how validate the criteria for manual smear review for improving the laboratory productivity? Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2014. this issue.
• ²
  Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference leukocyte (WBC) differential count (proportional) and evaluation of instrument methods: approved standard. 2nd ed. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2007. Document H20-A2.
• ³
  Comar SR, Malvezzi M, Pasquini R. Are the review criteria for automated complete blood counts of the International Society of Laboratory Hematology suitable for all hematology laboratories? Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2014;36(3):219-25.
• ⁴
  Barnes PW, Mcfadden SL, Machin SJ, Simson E. The international consensus group for hematology review: suggested criteria for action following automated CBC and WBC differential analysis. Lab Hematol. 2005;11(2):83-90.
• ⁵
  National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Reference leukocyte (WBC) differential count (proportional) and evaluation of instrument methods: approved standard. Villanova, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1992. Document H20-A.
• ⁶
  Stamminger G, Auch D, Diem H, Sinha P. Performance of the XE-2100 leukocyte differential. Clin Lab Haematol. 2002;24(5):271-80.
• ⁷
  Jones RG, Faust A, Glazier J, Matthews R, Potter B. Cell-Dyn 4000: utility within the core laboratory structure and preliminary comparison of its expanded differential with the 400-cell manual differential count. Lab Hematol. 1998;4:34-44.
• ⁸
  Comar SR, Malvezzi M, Pasquini R. Establishment and evaluation of review criteria of automated complete blood counts applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Int J Lab Hematol. 2013;35 Suppl. 1:44-5.
• ⁹
  Lantis KL, Harris RJ, Davis G, Renner N, Finn WG. Elimination of instrument-driven reflex manual differential leukocyte counts. Optimization of manual blood smear review criteria in a high-volume automated hematology laboratory. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;119(5):656-62.
• ¹⁰
  Pratumvinit B, Wongkrajang P, Reesukumal K, Klinbua C, Niamjoy P. Validation and optimization of criteria for manual smear review following automated blood cell analysis in a large university hospital. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2013;137(3):408-14.
• ¹¹
  Froom P, Havis R, Barak M. The rate of manual peripheral blood smear reviews in outpatients. Clin Chem Lab Med.2009;47(11):1401-5.
• ¹²
  Xing Y, Wang JZ, Pu CW, Shang K, Yan ZL, Bai WS, et al. Establishment and evaluation of review criteria for ADVIA 120/2120 and different series of hematology analyzers. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010;90(22):1526-30.
• ¹³
  Comar SR, Malvezzi M, Pasquini R. The usefulness of suspect flags on the Sysmex XE-2100D hematology analyzer. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014;36 Suppl. 1:110.
• ¹⁴
  Ruzicka K, Veitl M, Thalhammer-Scherrer R, Schwarzinger I. The new hematology analyser Sysmex XE-2100Performance evaluation of a novel white blood cell differential technology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125(3):391-6.

• 1516-8484/(c) 2014 Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  Feb 2015

History

• Received
  19 Nov 2014
• Reviewed
  20 Sept 2014
• Accepted
  21 Nov 2014