Health related quality of life in Turkish polio survivors: impact of post-polio on the health related quality of life in terms of functional status, severity of pain, fatigue, and social, and emotional functioning☆

Garip, Yesim; Eser, Filiz; Bodur, Hatice; Baskan, Bedriye; Sivas, Filiz; Yilmaz, Ozlem

doi:10.1016/j.rbre.2014.12.006

Yesim Garip ^**Corresponding author. E-mail: dryesimgarip@gmail.com (Y. Garip).

Ankara Basak Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

Filiz Eser

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

Hatice Bodur

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

Bedriye Baskan

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

Filiz Sivas

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

Ozlem Yilmaz

Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara, Turkey

*Corresponding author. E-mail: dryesimgarip@gmail.com (Y. Garip).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Tables (5)

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Table 1
Demographic and clinical data.

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Table 2
Comparison of total MMT scores and symptoms between the PPS and non-PPS groups.

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Table 3
Comparison of fatigue and depression between the groups.

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Table 4
Comparison of QoL between the groups.

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1-Rate your level of fatigue on the day you felt most fatigued during the past week. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Not at all fatigued Extreme fatigue 2-Rate your level of fatigue on the day you felt least fatig ued during the past week. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Not at all fatigued Extreme fatigue 3- Rate your level of fatigue on the average during th e last week. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Not at all fatigued Extreme fatigue 4- Rate your level of fatigue right now. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Not at all fatigued Extreme fatigue 5-Rate how much in the past week, fatigue interfered with your level of activity. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 6-Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your ability to bathe and dress yourself. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 7- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your normal activity (includes both work outside the home and housework). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 8-Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your ability to concentrate. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 9- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your relations with other people. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 10- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your enjoyment of life . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 11- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your mood. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No interference Extreme in terference 12-Indicate how many days, in the past week , you felt fatigued for any part of the day. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 days 13- Rate how much of the day, on average, you felt fatigued in the past week. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 None of the day The entire day 14-Indicate which of the following best describes the daily pattern of your fatigue in the past week 0 1 2 3 4 0 = not at all fatigued, 1 = worse in the morning, 2 = worse in the afternoon, 3 = worse in the evening, 4 = no consistent daily pattern of fatigue.

	PPS group (n = 21)	Non-PPS group (n = 19)	Control group (n = 40)
Age, mean ± SD	38.15 ± 7.17	37 ± 4.86	35 ± 8.42
Gender (men/women)	11/10	13/6	20/20
Age of acute polio (months)	19.85 ± 13.79	17.84 ± 8.45
Paralyses of one limb (number of patients)	12	15
Paralyses of two limbs (number of patients)	5	3
Paralyses of three limbs (number of patients)	2	1
Paralyses of four limbs (number of patients)	2	0
Total MMT score (0-50), mean ± SD	26.19 ± 13.24	30.08 ± 8.9

	PPS group (n = 21)	Non-PPS group (n = 19)	p value
Total MMT score (0-50), mean ± SD/median	26.19 ± 13.24/29	30.08 ± 8.9/32	0.04^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Presence of muscle pain, n (%)	15 (71.4%)	8 (42.1%)	0.04^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Presence of fatigue, n (%)	16 (76.2%)	7 (36.8%)	0.01^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Presence of joint pain, n (%)	11 (52.38%)	3 (15.79%)	0.022^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Presence of sleep disorders, n (%)	12 (57.14%)	6 (31.58%)	0.125
Presence of respiratory disorders, n (%)	1 (4.76%)	0	0.48
Presence of dysphagia, n (%)	1 (4.76%)	0	0.48

	PPS group (n = 21) Median values	Non-PPS group (n = 19) Median values	Control group (n = 40) Median values	Chi-square (Kruskal-Wallis)	p value X (Mann-Whitney U)	p value Y (Mann-Whitney U)	p value Z (Mann-Whitney U)
Beck Depression Scale	16	13	12	5.43	0.125	0.06	0.83
Most fatigue	9	5	3	53.29^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.001^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Least fatigue	7	2	0	62.58^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Current fatigue	7	4	2	53.68^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Average fatigue	7	4	2	53.88^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Interference scale	7	3	1	52.29^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.002^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Number of days fatigued	7	3	2	52.46^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.002^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
Amount of time fatigued	8	4	2	57.23^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).

	PPS group (n = 21) Median values	Non-PPS group (n = 19) Median values	Control group (n = 40) Median values	Chi-square (Kruskal-Wallis)	p value X	p value Y	p value Z
NHP physical mobility	87.5	50	0.0	54.04^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
NHP pain	85.71	42.86	0.0	61.20^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
NHP energy	100	50	0.0	31.66^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).	0.00^* * p < 0.05 (significant).
NHP social isolation	25	25	25	0.55	0.56	0.72	0.55
NHP emotional reaction	37.5	25	25	2.38	0.79	0.10	0.43
NHP sleep	20	20	20	3.03	0.27	0.08	0.76

1-Rate your level of fatigue on the day you felt most fatigued during the past week.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Not at all fatigued										Extreme fatigue
2-Rate your level of fatigue on the day you felt least fatig ued during the past week.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Not at all fatigued										Extreme fatigue
3- Rate your level of fatigue on the average during th e last week.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Not at all fatigued										Extreme fatigue
4- Rate your level of fatigue right now.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Not at all fatigued										Extreme fatigue
5-Rate how much in the past week, fatigue interfered with your level of activity.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
6-Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your ability to bathe and dress yourself.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
7- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your normal activity (includes both work outside the home and housework).
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
8-Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your ability to concentrate.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
9- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your relations with other people.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
10- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your enjoyment of life .
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
11- Rate how much, in the past week fatigue interfered with your mood.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
No interference										Extreme in terference
12-Indicate how many days, in the past week , you felt fatigued for any part of the day.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7			days
13- Rate how much of the day, on average, you felt fatigued in the past week.
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
None of the day										The entire day
14-Indicate which of the following best describes the daily pattern of your fatigue in the past week
0	1	2	3	4
0 = not at all fatigued, 1 = worse in the morning, 2 = worse in the afternoon, 3 = worse in the evening, 4 = no consistent daily pattern of fatigue.

[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: dryesimgarip@gmail.com (Y. Garip).

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ABSTRACT

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions: