Associative behaviour and antagonism of bovine rumen ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora) from Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

D'Agosto, Marta; Guedes, Paulo Marcos da Matta

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752001000400011

Abstract

Aiming at obtaining the community profile and verifying the occurrence of antagonism and association among ciliates, samples of rumen content were analysed in 100 bovines soon after their death. The animals were killed at the Juiz de Fora Municipal slaughter house (Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) between August 1996 and May 1997. Ciliates occurred, respectively, in the following percents and samples number: Entodinium Stein, 1859 (50,48; 100), Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888 (5,59; 98), Eudiplodinium Dogiel, 1927 (6,91; 97), Ostracodinium Dogiel, 1927 (9,68; 95), hotricha Stein, 1859 (4,15; 93), Dasytricha Schuberg, 1888 (3,31; 93), Metadi nium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914 (3,06; 90), Eremoplastron Kofoid & MacLennan. 1932 (7,39; 87), Epidinium Crawley, 1923 (5,31; 73), Charonina Strand, 1928 (1,33; 65), Eodinium Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (1,49; 59), Diploplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (0,88; 24), Elytroplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (0,36; 16), Polyplastron Dogiel, 1927 (0,04; 03) and Buetschlia Schuberg, 1888 (0,02; 01). When the antagonistic behaviour and the association were analyzed, it was observed that Eudiplodinium was detected in the absence of Polyplastron and in the presence of Epidinium in 94% and 73% of the samples, respectively. These data confirm the antagonism and the coexistence among particular populations of rumen ciliates and allowed the identification of 94% of the samples examined as being of profile type B, none of type A and 3% of mixed A-B community and of type O. It is suggested the use of the term community profile instead of population profile, as the respective types involve associations of various ciliate populations.

Rumen ciliate; behaviour; bovine; community profile; antagonism

Associative behaviour and antagonism of bovine rumen ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora) from Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State, Brazil¹ 1 Apoio: FAPEMIG.

Marta D'Agosto^I; Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes^II

^IDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Brasil. E-mail: dagosto@icb.ufjf.br

^IIBolsista PIBIC-CNPq/UFJF

ABSTRACT

Aiming at obtaining the community profile and verifying the occurrence of antagonism and association among ciliates, samples of rumen content were analysed in 100 bovines soon after their death. The animals were killed at the Juiz de Fora Municipal slaughter house (Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) between August 1996 and May 1997. Ciliates occurred, respectively, in the following percents and samples number: Entodinium Stein, 1859 (50,48; 100), Diplodinium Schuberg, 1888 (5,59; 98), Eudiplodinium Dogiel, 1927 (6,91; 97), Ostracodinium Dogiel, 1927 (9,68; 95), hotricha Stein, 1859 (4,15; 93), Dasytricha Schuberg, 1888 (3,31; 93), Metadi nium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914 (3,06; 90), Eremoplastron Kofoid & MacLennan. 1932 (7,39; 87), Epidinium Crawley, 1923 (5,31; 73), Charonina Strand, 1928 (1,33; 65), Eodinium Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (1,49; 59), Diploplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (0,88; 24), Elytroplastron Kofoid & MacLennan, 1932 (0,36; 16), Polyplastron Dogiel, 1927 (0,04; 03) and Buetschlia Schuberg, 1888 (0,02; 01). When the antagonistic behaviour and the association were analyzed, it was observed that Eudiplodinium was detected in the absence of Polyplastron and in the presence of Epidinium in 94% and 73% of the samples, respectively. These data confirm the antagonism and the coexistence among particular populations of rumen ciliates and allowed the identification of 94% of the samples examined as being of profile type B, none of type A and 3% of mixed A-B community and of type O. It is suggested the use of the term community profile instead of population profile, as the respective types involve associations of various ciliate populations.

Key words: Rumen ciliate, behaviour, bovine, community profile, antagonism

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Recebido em 15.XII.2000; aceito em 22.X.2001.

ABOU AKKADA, A.R.; E.E. BARTLEY & L.R. FINA. 1969. Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of the lactating cow Jour. Dairy Sci. 52:1088-1091.
CZERKAWSKI, J.W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 236p.
D'AGOSTO, M. & M.E. CARNEIRO. 1999. Evaluation of lugol solution used for counting rumen ciliate. Revta bras. Zool. 16:725-729.
D'AGOSTO, M.; M.R. DE SANTA-ROSA; L.J.M. AROEIRA & F.C.F. LOPES. 1998. Influência da dieta no comportamento da população de ciliados do rúmen. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 50:153-159.
DEHORITY, B.A. 1984. Evaluation of subsampling and fixation procedures used for counting rumen Protozoa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:182-185.
EADIE, M. 1962a. The development of rumen microbial populations in lambs and calves under various conditions of management. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 29:563-578.
______. 1962b. Inter-relationships between certain rumen ciliate protozoa. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 29:579-588.
______. 1967. Studies on the ecology of certain rumen ciliate protozoa. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 49:175-194.
ITO, A.S. IMAI; M. MANDA & K. OGIMOTO. 1995. Rumen ciliates of Tokara native goat in Kagoshima, Japan. Jour. Vet. Med. Sc. 57:355-357.
JOUANY, J.P.; D.I. DEMEYER & J. GRAIN. 1988. Effect of defaunating the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 21:229-265.
OGIMOTO, K & S. IMAI. 1981. Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Tokyo, Japan Scient. Soc. Press, VIII+231p.
TOWNE, G.; T.G. NAGARAJA & K.E. KEMP. 1988. Ruminal ciliate in bison. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2733-2736.
WILLIAMS, A.G. & G.S.COLEMAN. 1991. The Rumen Protozoa. Springer-Verlag, New York Inc., 423p.

1

Apoio: FAPEMIG.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
03 June 2009
Date of issue
Dec 2001

History

Received
15 Dec 2000
Accepted
22 Oct 2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ABOU AKKADA, A.R.; E.E. BARTLEY & L.R. FINA. 1969. Ciliate protozoa in the rumen of the lactating cow Jour. Dairy Sci. 52:1088-1091.

[2] CZERKAWSKI, J.W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 236p.

[3] D'AGOSTO, M. & M.E. CARNEIRO. 1999. Evaluation of lugol solution used for counting rumen ciliate. Revta bras. Zool. 16:725-729.

[4] D'AGOSTO, M.; M.R. DE SANTA-ROSA; L.J.M. AROEIRA & F.C.F. LOPES. 1998. Influência da dieta no comportamento da população de ciliados do rúmen. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 50:153-159.

[5] DEHORITY, B.A. 1984. Evaluation of subsampling and fixation procedures used for counting rumen Protozoa. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:182-185.

[6] EADIE, M. 1962a. The development of rumen microbial populations in lambs and calves under various conditions of management. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 29:563-578.

[7] ______. 1962b. Inter-relationships between certain rumen ciliate protozoa. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 29:579-588.

[8] ______. 1967. Studies on the ecology of certain rumen ciliate protozoa. Jour. Gen. Microbiol. 49:175-194.

[9] ITO, A.S. IMAI; M. MANDA & K. OGIMOTO. 1995. Rumen ciliates of Tokara native goat in Kagoshima, Japan. Jour. Vet. Med. Sc. 57:355-357.

[10] JOUANY, J.P.; D.I. DEMEYER & J. GRAIN. 1988. Effect of defaunating the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 21:229-265.

[11] OGIMOTO, K & S. IMAI. 1981. Atlas of Rumen Microbiology. Tokyo, Japan Scient. Soc. Press, VIII+231p.

[12] TOWNE, G.; T.G. NAGARAJA & K.E. KEMP. 1988. Ruminal ciliate in bison. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2733-2736.

[13] WILLIAMS, A.G. & G.S.COLEMAN. 1991. The Rumen Protozoa. Springer-Verlag, New York Inc., 423p.