Acessibilidade / Reportar erro
• Rev. Bras. Zool. 19 (1) • Mar 2002 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752002000100006   copiar

Desenvolvimento inicial de larvas de Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz (Characiformes, Cynodontidae)

Initial development of Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz larvae (Characiformes, Cynodontidae)

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

The cynodontid fish Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz, 1829, known as "peixe-cachorro", is the only species of the family oceurring in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. The initial development of its larvae was characterized, based on material collected with a 500 µm mesh size plankton-net, in several biotopes of the Pantanal of Barão de Melgaço, State of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The analysis was carried out with 72 larvae with standard length (SL) between 4.7 and 13.8 mm. The morphometric measurements varied positively with standard length, and body proportions ranged 8.1-17.8% for head length (HL), 6.2-10.1% for body height, and 63.673.5%, 16.8-21.6%, and 61.8-78.2% SL, respectively for pre-dorsal, pre-pectoral and pre-anal distances. The eye diameter varied positively with HL and its proportion varied between 9.1 -22.5% HL. The body relations did not show great variation along the larval development. The morphologicai characterization of larvae from 4.7 to 5.8 mm SL, in the pre-flexion phase, showed lhe presence of anembryonic finfold covering the unraycd fins, exposed branchial arches, absence of exogenous digestive content, unpigmented eyes and round shaped head. Larvae with SL between 8.1 and 13.8 mm SL were in the flexion phase, presenting a pointed head, mouth filled with externai and internai rows of numerous teeth, presence of exogenous food, pigmented eyes, branchial filaments still exposed, evident swimming-bladder, and formation of the first caudal, dorsal and anal fins' rays. Only individuais in the pre-flexion and flexion phases were analyzed, and no completely developed fin was evidenced. A maximum number of 69 myomeres was counted and no evident pigmentation over the body observed. Comparing R. vulpinus larvae to those of other Characiformes, it was observed that this species and Apareiodon affinis Steindachner, 1879 present smaller body proportions, and variation range of body height, while R. vulpinus is characterized by a shorter eye diameter. The myomere number is a relevam feature for the idenlification of R. vulpinus larvae, since it is the Characiform that possesses the highest myomere number, among those species of this family studied so far.

Cynodontidae; Rhaphiodon vulpinus; larval development; ontogeny; morphometrics

Cynodontidae; Rhaphiodon vulpinus; larval development; ontogeny; morphometrics

Desenvolvimento inicial de larvas de Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz (Characiformes, Cynodontidae)

Initial development of Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz larvae (Characiformes, Cynodontidae)

Wilson Treger Zydowicz de Sousa; William Severi

Laboratório de Ictiologia, Departamento de Pesca, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail: wseveri@truenet.com.br

ABSTRACT

The cynodontid fish Rhaphiodon vulpinus Agassiz, 1829, known as "peixe-cachorro", is the only species of the family oceurring in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. The initial development of its larvae was characterized, based on material collected with a 500 µm mesh size plankton-net, in several biotopes of the Pantanal of Barão de Melgaço, State of Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The analysis was carried out with 72 larvae with standard length (SL) between 4.7 and 13.8 mm. The morphometric measurements varied positively with standard length, and body proportions ranged 8.1-17.8% for head length (HL), 6.2-10.1% for body height, and 63.673.5%, 16.8-21.6%, and 61.8-78.2% SL, respectively for pre-dorsal, pre-pectoral and pre-anal distances. The eye diameter varied positively with HL and its proportion varied between 9.1 -22.5% HL. The body relations did not show great variation along the larval development. The morphologicai characterization of larvae from 4.7 to 5.8 mm SL, in the pre-flexion phase, showed lhe presence of anembryonic finfold covering the unraycd fins, exposed branchial arches, absence of exogenous digestive content, unpigmented eyes and round shaped head. Larvae with SL between 8.1 and 13.8 mm SL were in the flexion phase, presenting a pointed head, mouth filled with externai and internai rows of numerous teeth, presence of exogenous food, pigmented eyes, branchial filaments still exposed, evident swimming-bladder, and formation of the first caudal, dorsal and anal fins' rays. Only individuais in the pre-flexion and flexion phases were analyzed, and no completely developed fin was evidenced. A maximum number of 69 myomeres was counted and no evident pigmentation over the body observed. Comparing R. vulpinus larvae to those of other Characiformes, it was observed that this species and Apareiodon affinis Steindachner, 1879 present smaller body proportions, and variation range of body height, while R. vulpinus is characterized by a shorter eye diameter. The myomere number is a relevam feature for the idenlification of R. vulpinus larvae, since it is the Characiform that possesses the highest myomere number, among those species of this family studied so far.

Key words: Cynodontidae, Rhaphiodon vulpinus, larval development, ontogeny, morphometrics

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

AGRADECIMENTOS. Ao Projeto Ecologia do Gran Pantanal (UFMT, IB/Max Planck Institut für Limnologie, Plön), integrante do Programa SHIFT (Studies of Human Impact on Forests and Floodplains in the Tropics, Env. 13), pelo apoio logístico e financeiro para a realização das coletas. Ao CNPq e CAPES, pela concessão de bolsa de doutorado a W. Severi (PPG-ERN/UFSCar) e à CAPES, pela concessão de bolsa PET a W.T.Z. Sousa (PET-Pesca/UFRPE). Aos comentários e sugestões apresentados por dois revisores anônimos.

Recebido em 14.XII.2000; aceito em 28.I.2002.

  • Able, K.A. & M.P. Fahay. 1998. The first year in the life of cstuarinc fishcs in the Middlc Atlantic Bight. New Brunswick, Rutgers Univ. Press, 342p.
  • Araújo-Lima, C.A.R.M. 1985. Aspectos biológicos de peixes Amazônicos. V. Desenvolvimento larval do Jaraqui-escama grossa, Semaprochilodus insignis (Characiformes, Pisces) da Amazônia Central. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 45 (4): 423-431.
  • Araújo-Lima, C.A.R.M. 1991. A larva da branquinha comum, Potamorhina latior (Curimatidae, Pisces) da Amazônia Central. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51 (1): 45-56.
  • Araújo-Lima, C.A.R.M. & E. Donald. 1988. Número de vértebras de Characiformes do rio Amazonas e seu uso na identificação de larvas do grupo. Acta Amazônica 18 (1-2): 351-358.
  • Araújo-Lima, C.A.R.M.; A.L. Kirovsky & A. Marca. 1993. As larvas dos Pacus, Mylossoma spp (Teleostei; Characidae), da Amazônia Central. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 53 (4): 591-600.
  • Bialetzki. A.; P.V. Sanches; G. Baumgartner & K. Nakatani. 1998. Caracterização morfológica e distribuição temporal de larvas e juvenis de Apareidon affinis (Steindachner) (Osteichthyes, Parodontidae) no alto rio Paraná, Paraná. Revta bras. Zool. 15 (4): 1037-1047.
  • Blaxter, J.H.S. 1984. Ontogeny, systematics and fisheries, p. 1-6. In: H.G. Moser; W.J. Richards; D.M. Cohen; M.P. Fahay; A.W. Kendall Jr. & S.L. Richardson (Eds). Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Lawrence, Amer. Soe. Ichthy. Herpet. Spec. Publ. 1, 640p.
  • Britski, H. A.; K.Z. Silimon & B.S. Lopes. 1999. Peixes do Pantanal - Manual de Identificação. Brasília, EMBRAPA, 184p.
  • Cavicchioli, M. & J.H. Leonhardt. 1993. Estudo do desenvolvimento morfológico de larvas de Curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1882), obtidas de reprodução induzida. Rev. UNIMAR, Maringá, 15 (Supl.): 109-124.
  • Dingerkus, G. & L.D. Uhler. 1977. Enzyme clearing of alcian blue stained wholc small vertebrates for demonstration of cartilage. Stain Technol. Baltimore, 52 (4): 229-232.
  • Fowler, H.W. 1950. Os peixes de água doce do Brasil. Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 6: 205-404.
  • Fuiman, L.A.; J.V. Conner; B.F. Lathrop; G.L. Buynak; D.E. Snyder & J.J. Loos. 1983. State of art of identification forcyprinid fish larvae from Eastern North America. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soe. 112: 319-332.
  • Godoy, M. P. 1986. Peixes e pesca do rio Paraná: área do futuro reservatório de Ilha Grande. Florianópolis. Eletrosul. 148p.
  • Goulding, M. 1980. The fishes and the forest - explorations in Amazonian natural history. Berkeley, Univ. Califórnia Press, 280p.
  • Kendall JR., A.W.; E.H. Ahlstrom; H.G. Moser. 1984. Early life history stages of fishes and their characters, p. 11-22. In: H.G. Moser; W.J. Richards; D.M. Cohen; M.P. Fahay; A.W. Kendall Jr. & S.L. Richardson (Eds). Ontogeny and systematics of Fishes. Lawrence, Amer. Soe. Ichthy. Herpet. Spec. Publ. 1, 640p.
  • Lasker, R. 1987. Use of fish eggs and larvae in probing some major problems in fisheries and aquaculture. Amer. Fish. Soe. Symp Bethesda, 2: 1-16.
  • Lesiuk, T. P. & CC Lindsey. 1978. Morphological peculiarities in the neck-bending Amazonian characoid fish Rhaphiodon vulpinus. Can. Jour. Zool. 56: 991-997.
  • Lucena, C.A.S. & N.A. Menezes. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of Roestes Günther and Gilbertolus Eigenmann, with a hypothesis on the relationships of the Cynodontidae and Acestrorhynchidac (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes), p. 261-278. In: L.R. Malabarba; R.E. Reis; R.P. Vari; Z.M.S. Lucena & C.A.S. Lucena (Eds). Phylogeny and classificai ion of Neotropical fishes Porto Alegre, EDIPUCRS, 603p.
  • Machado-Allison, A. 1974. Etapas deli desarrolo del pez Piabucina pleurolaenia Regan, 1903 (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae). Acta Biol. Venez. 8 (3-4): 579-622.
  • Moser, H.G.; W.J. Richards; D.M. Cohen; M.P. Fahay; A.W. Kendall Jr. & S.L. Richardson. 1984. Ontogeny and systematics of fishes Lawrence, Amer. Soe. Ichthy. Herpet. Spec. Publ. 1, 640p.
  • Nakatani, K.; G. Baumgartner & M.S. Tenório-Baumgartner. 1997. Larval development of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) of Itaipu reservoir (Paraná river, Brazil). Revta bras. Zool. 14 (1): 35-44.
  • Nakatani, K.;G. Baumgartner & J.D. Latini. 1998. Morphological description of larvae of the mapará Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix) (Osteichthyes, Hypophthalmidae) in the Itaipu reservoir (Paraná river, Brazil). Revta bras. Zool. 15 (3): 687-696.
  • Nakatani, K.; A.A. Agostinho; G. Baumgartner; A. Bialetzki; P.V. Sanches & M. Cavicchioli. (no prelo). Ovos e larvas de peixes de água doce: desenvolvimento e manual de identificação. Rio de Janeiro, Eletrobrás, 360p.
  • Nascimento, F.L. & C.A.R.M. Araújo-Lima. 1993. Descrição de larvas de Psectrogaster amazônica e Polamorhina altamazonica (Curimatidae, Pisces) da Amazônia Central. Acta Amazônica 23 (4): 457-472.
  • Oldani, N.O. 1977. Identificacion y morfologia de larvas de Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner) (Pisces, Parodontidae). Physis, Secc. B 37 (93): 133-140.
  • ______. 1979a. Identificacion y morfologia de larvas y juveniles de Tlwracocharax stellatus (Kner, 1860). (Pisces, Gasteropelecidae). Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 10: 49-60.
  • ______. 1979b. Identificacion y morfologia de larvas y juveniles de Triportheusparanensis (Günther, 1874). (Pisces, Characidae). Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Litoral 10: 61-71.
  • ______. 1983a. Identificacion y morfologia de larvas, juveniles y adultos de Mylossoma paruguayensis Norman, 1929. (Pisces, Characidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 18: 89-100.
  • ______. 1983b. Identificacion y morfologia de las larvas y juveniles de Pimelodus maculatus Lacépéde, 1803 (Pisces, Pimelodidae). Rev. Asoc. Cienc. Nat. Lit. 14 (2): 193-202.
  • Santos, G. M; M. Jegu; B. de Merona. 1984. Catálogo de peixes comerciais do baixo rio Tocantins Manaus, INPA, 83p.
  • Toledo-Piza, M. 2000. The Neotropical fish subfamily Cynodontinae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes): a phylogenetic study and a revision of Cynodon and Rhaphiodon. Amer. Mus. Novit. 3286: 1-88.
  • Toledo-Piza, M. & K.J. Lázara. 2000. Cynodon Spix in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 and Rhaphiodon Agassiz in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Osteichthyes, Characiformes): proposed conservation, and proposed designation of C. gibbus and R. vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 as the respective type species of Cynodon and Rhaphiodon. Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 57 (3): 151-157.

Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    19 Maio 2009
  • Data do Fascículo
    Mar 2002

Histórico

  • Aceito
    28 Jan 2002
  • Recebido
    14 Dez 2000
Creative Common - by-nc 4.0
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba PR Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 41 3266-6823, - Curitiba - PR - Brazil
E-mail: sbz@bio.ufpr.br
Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS