Características físico-químicas do óleo de amêndoas de macaúba armazenadas após secagem em diferentes temperaturas

Carvalho, Marcela Silva; Corrêa, Paulo Cesar; Silva, Gutierres Nelson; Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de; Lopes, Lucas Martins

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Revista Ciência Agronômica

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 54 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230001 copiar

Características físico-químicas do óleo de amêndoas de macaúba armazenadas após secagem em diferentes temperaturas

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Investigações sobre as etapas de armazenamento e secagem na pós-colheita de frutos de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Mart) ainda são incipientes. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito da secagem na qualidade do óleo de amêndoas de macaúba durante o armazenamento. A secagem foi realizada em três condições de ar: 40; 50 e 60 ºC. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições para cada temperatura. Após a secagem, as amêndoas foram armazenadas durante 0; 60; 120; 240 e 360 dias, e em cada período, foram realizadas as seguintes análises físico-químicas: teor de óleo da amêndoa; índice de acidez; estabilidade oxidativa; atividade de água e cor do óleo. O aumento no período de armazenamento ocasionou elevação no índice de acidez e redução na estabilidade oxidativa do óleo para todos os tratamentos. Os valores médios de atividade de água no óleo variaram de 0.56 - 0.68. Os valores médios das coordenadas L* e b*, não diferiram do controle, com exceção dos períodos de armazenamento de 0 e 60 dias. Com relação à coordenada a*, houve diferença entre os processos de secagem, quando comparados ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para o teor de óleo. Conclui-se que a secagem pode ser tornar ferramenta eficiente no controle da qualidade do óleo de amêndoa ao longo do armazenamento.

Palavras-chave
Acrocomia aculeata; Pós-colheita; Desidratação; Qualidade do óleo.

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)	67.15	65.59	64.87	61.09	45.79
40 °C	59.54^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.86^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	55.83^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	51.62^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	27.60^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
50 °C	71.44	57.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	53.90^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.69^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	50.10
60 °C	63.78	64.61	62.93	55.15^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	43.27

Variable	Treatment	Fitted equation	R²
Acidity index	Control	ŷ = 0.2304 + 0.0015^* * Significant at 5%, x	0.82
	40 °C	ŷ = 0.1556 + 0.0017^ significant at 1%, significant at 10% by t-test x	0.97
	50 °C	ŷ = 0.2233 + 0.0007x	0.71
	60 °C	ŷ = 0.2371 + 0.0010^ significant at 1%, significant at 10% by t-test x	0.98
Estabilidade oxidativa	Control	ŷ = 66.0731 + 0.0250x - 0.0002^* * Significant at 5%, x²	0.97
	40 °C	ŷ = 57.5642 + 0.0437x + 0.0003x²	0.96
	50 °C	ŷ = 71.2413 + 0.0601^* * Significant at 5%, x - 2.2158^* * Significant at 5%, x^1/2	0.99
	60 °C	ŷ = 64.1585 + 0.0111x - 0.0002^* * Significant at 5%, x²	0.99

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.16	0.44	0.31	0.67	0.72
40 °C	0.18	0.25^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.29	0.60	0.75
50 °C	0.18	0.31	0.25	0.47^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
60 °C	0.23	0.30	0.34	0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.58^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test

Drying temperature	Water content (%)
Drying temperature	BD	AD
No drying	13.35 ± 0.03^* * mean ± SE	-
40 °C	13.79 ± 0.01	5.5
50 °C	13.20 ± 0.03	5.5
60 °C	13.20 ± 0.03	5.5

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.20	45.55	53.01	52.28	53.31
40 °C	49.63^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.61^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.09	52.99	50.28
50 °C	47.00^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	58.85^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	53.90	55.79	48.53^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
60 °C	50.92^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	41.88	54.12	54.97	52.06

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.62	0.66	0.60	0.61	0.66
40 °C	0.60	0.68	0.60	0.66	0.68
50 °C	0.60	0.66	0.59	0.64	0.65
60 °C	0.57	0.66	0.56	0.63	0.64

Treatment	L^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.26	58.16	59.49	42.82	56.92
40 °C	46.46^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.34	60.30	43.18	55.32
50 °C	53.92	43.83^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	59.63	43.50	53.65
60 °C	52.80	45.70^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	59.69	42.65	52.90^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	a^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.45	-1.10	-0.90	-0.40	-0.57
40 °C	-0.37	-0.99	-1.07^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.74^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
50 °C	-0.92^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.38^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-1.13^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.09^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.62
60 °C	-1.06^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-1.01	-0.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.35^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	b^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	3.31	6.45	5.65	2.85	6.12
40 °C	7.57^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	8.04	5.82	2.33	6.58
50 °C	6.09^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	2.46^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	6.69	1.36	5.91
60 °C	9.04^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	1.81^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	6.00	4.12	5.18

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[1] Editor-in-Article: Prof. Alek Sandro Dutra - alekdutra@ufc.br