RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS NA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM IRRIGADO COM ÁGUAS SALINAS E FERTILIZAÇÃO ORGANOMINERAL

SOUSA, JOSÉ THOMAS MACHADO DE; SOUSA, GEOCLEBER GOMES DE; SILVA, ELANE BEZERRA DA; SILVA JUNIOR, FRANCISCO BARROSO DA; VIANA, THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO

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Article • Rev. Caatinga 34 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n320rc copiar

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS NA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM IRRIGADO COM ÁGUAS SALINAS E FERTILIZAÇÃO ORGANOMINERAL

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A adubação organomineral é uma alternativa para mitigar o estresse salino em regiões semiáridas. Baseado nisso, objetivou-se avaliar a adubação organomineral sob os índices fisiológicos na cultura do amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade. O experimento foi realizado no período de junho a setembro de 2019, na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), no município de Redenção, Ceará, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, fazendo uso do esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco fertilizantes de solo (F1= 100% fertilizante mineral NPK na taxa recomendada; F2= 100% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; F3= 100% cinza vegetal; F4= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% biofertilizante à base de esterco bovino; e F5= 50% fertilizante mineral e 50% de cinzas de plantas); e dois níveis de salinidade (condutividade elétrica) da água de irrigação (1,0 e 5,0 dS m^-1). A taxa fotossintética, a transpiração, a condutância estomática, a temperatura foliar, a concentração interna de CO₂, a eficiência do uso da água e o índice de clorofila das plantas foram avaliados aos 40 e 54 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Plantas irrigadas com água de baixa salinidade proporcionaram maiores valores de condutância estomática, taxa fotossintética e transpiração, independentemente do método de fertilização adotado. A adubação com biofertilizante bovino 100% atenua o estresse salino e aumenta a eficiência no uso da água aos 40 DAS, além de mitigar a temperatura foliar e favorecer o maior teor relativo de clorofila aos 54 DAS.

Palavras-chave:
Arachis hypogaea L ; Salinidade; Insumo orgânico; NPK

				Chemical attributes
OM	N	P	K	Mg	Ca	Na	pH	ESP	EC
g kg^-1	g kg^-1	mg Kg^-1	g kg^-1		cmolc dm-3			%	dS m^-1
4.34	0.26	65	0.25	1.1	1.2	0.33	6.2	7	1.19

Chemical attributes
Organic fertilizers	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Cu
Organic fertilizers	g L^-1					mg L^-1
Biofertilizer	0.82	1.4	1	2.5	0.75	142	1.2	68	14.7
Plant ash	g kg^-1					g kg^-1
Plant ash	0.4	1.13	54.4	28.7	13.9	7819	10.5	38	241

Estimated supply of nutrients
Chemical attributes	Nutrients
Chemical attributes	N	P	K
Recommendation (g plant^-1)	1.8	7.5	6.0
Substrate (g kg-1)	0.26	0.065	0.65
^## ## = substrate density (1.3 g dm-3) multiplied by the volume of substrate in each pot. Total nutrient contribution per pot	2.70	0.67	2.6
Supplemental mineral nutrition (g plant^-1)	0	6.83	3.4
Organic need for complementation Biofertilizer (g L plant^-1)	0	5.0	0
Plant ash (g kg^-1 plant^-1)	0	1.49	0

Variation Sources		Mean square
Variation Sources		40 DAS
	DF	gs	A	E	Ci	LT	WUE
Treatments	9	17.83^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.66^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	10.41^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	29.11^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	92.34^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.58^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant. x
Saline levels (SL)	1	115.91^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1855^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	64.08^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	245.09^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	637.24^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	15.86^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Fertilization (F)	4	3.81^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.65^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.20^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.78^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	8.72^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.46^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
SLxF	4	7.33^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.95^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	3.19^* DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	2.45^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	39.74^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.88^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Residue	30	0.004	2.57	0.07	178.26	0.09	0.43
Total	39
CV (%)	DF	32.28	19.82	16.93	5.01	1.05	12.61
		54 DAS
		gs	A	E	Ci	LT	WUE
Treatments	9	60.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	33.33^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	24.93^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.99^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	3.85^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	18.04^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Saline levels (SL)	1	177.23^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	189.21^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	65.26^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.82^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.25^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	107.66^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Fertilization (F)	4	82.00^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	20.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	29.76^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1. 36^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	5.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	9.26^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
SLxF	4	9.23^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.45^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	10.01^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.66^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	5.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.42^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Residue	30	0.0006	0.95	0.03	299.43	0.14	0.15
Total	39
CV (%)		9.97	11.41	7.41	5.83	1.26	11.21

Fertilization	Stomatal conductance - gs (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	0.28 aA	0.04 bB	0.25 aA	0.15 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	0.26 aA	0.13 bA	0.17 aB	0.13 aB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	0.24 aA	0.10 bA	0.34 aA	0.23 aA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	0.28 aA	0.11 bA	0.48 aA	0.31 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	0.49 aA	0.06 bB	0.33 aA	0.13 bB
MSD column	0.09		0.04
MSD line	0.13		0.06

Fertilization	Photosynthetic rates - A (µmol m² s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	8.89 aAB	3.89 bC	10.25 aA	6.01 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	8.60 aAB	10.48 aA	7.60 aA	4.47 bB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	8.08 aB	7.02 aB	12.24 aA	7.62 bA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	8.51 aB	7.62 aAB	12.52 aA	8.67 bA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	11.88 aA	6.00 bC	12.38 aA	3.72 bC
MSD column	2.32		1.66
MSD line	3.29		2.38

Fertilization	Transpiration - E (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	1.80 aA	0.75 bB	2.60 aA	1.93 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	2.06 aA	1.58 aA	2.14 aA	2.26 aB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	1.85 aA	1.35 bA	2.85 aA	2.41 bA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	1.74 aA	1.42 aA	3.24 aA	2.75 bA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	2.12 aA	1.10 bA	2.56 aA	1.39 bB
MSD column	0.38		0.30
MSD line	0.54		0.43

Fertilization	Leaf temperature - LT (ºC)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	28.47 bB	31.35 aA	29.82 bB	30.62 aA
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	29.03 bAB	30.16 aB	30.70 aA	30.15 aA
F3 - Plant ash 100%	29.36 bA	30.56 aB	29.85 bB	30.32 aA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	27.80 bC	30.65 aB	29.72 bB	30.02 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	27.06 bC	31.43 aA	29.92 aB	30.55 aA
MSD column	0.44		0.55
MSD line	0.63		0.78

Fertilization	Water use efficiency – WUE ([μmol m^-2 s^-1) (mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1 )^-1])
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	4.89 aAB	5.33 aB	3.96 aB	3.11 bA
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	4.15 bB	6.71 aA	3.52 aB	1.97 bB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	4.41 aAB	5.22 aB	4.29 aAB	3.12 aB
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	4.90 aAB	5.35 aB	4.87 aA	3.15 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	5.58 aA	5.45 aAB	3.87 aB	2.73 bAB
MSD column	0.94		0.56
MSD line	1.34		0.79

Fertilization	Chlorophyll index - SPAD
	54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	37.60 aA	33.00 aAB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	29.62 bA	41.95 aA
F3 - Plant ash 100%	32.43 aA	28.22 aB
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	31.35 aA	32.95 aAB
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	34.06 aA	36.40 aAB
MSD column	6.87
MSD line	9.77

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