Resumo em Português:

Foram avaliados os resultados tardios da colocação de cálculos biliares humanos, de colesterol, na cavidade peritoneal de ratos. Constituíram-se cinco grupos: cinco ratos foram apenas laparotomizados com manuseio da cavidade; cinco foram laparotomizados e receberam um ponto com fio monofilamentar cinco zeros no sulco paracólico direito e mesentério; dez receberam cálculos que foram deixados livres na cavidade peritoneal; em dez, os clculos foram fixados no sulco paracólico direito e, finalmente, dez tiveram clculos fixados no mesentério. Os animais foram mortos após cinco meses de pós-operatório quando se observou a cavidade abdominal e foi coletado material para estudo histopatológico. Concluiu-se que os cálculos não foram absorvidos, desenvolveram uma reação peritoneal do tipo corpo estranho com formação de plastrão e foram envolvidos por tecido fibroso e células inflamatórias.

Resumo em Inglês:

It was evaluated the late results of human gallstones placed into peritoneal cavity of rats. Five groups were created. In the first (group A) five rats were submitted only to laparotomy and handling of abdominal cavity, in the second (group B) five rats were submitted to laparotomy and a stitch was placed into right abdominal wall and in mesenterium between the ileus and cecum, in the third (group C) ten rats received a gallstone left free into abdomen, in the fourth (group D) ten rats received a gallstone fixed into right abdominal wall and in the fifth (group E) ten rats received a gallstone fixed in mesenterium between the ileus and cecum. One rat in each group was selected to be use as a pilot and were re-laparotomized after 1 month and 3 months, in order to look for any possible alteration. All rats were dead after five months when the abdominal cavity was observed and specimens were collected around the gallstones to histopathology. ln groups A and B there were not important macroscopic alterations. The gallstones were not absorved in groups C, D and E and were involved in a transparent tissue or blocked by omentum and intestinal loops. The rat used as a pilot in group E had a sub- intestinal occlusion and the gallstone was not found after 5 months. We supposed that it migrated to into the bowel. Histopathology did not showed any alteration in groups A and B but showed fibrosis. inflamatory cells, hemossiderin, calcifications and a foreign body like reaction in groups C, D and E (except the pilot rat). It was concluded that gallstones were not absorbed and a foreign body like reaction appeared. The gallstones were involved with fibrosis and inflamatory cells.

Resumo em Português:

A maioria dos pacientes com câncer de pâncreas apresenta estdios avançados e é tratada paliativamente. Dos que são submetidos exclusivamente a derivação biliar, cerca de 30%-50% vão apresentar na evolução necessidade de tratamento de obstrução duodenal. As técnicas atualmente empregadas para derivação gástrica podem acarretar vômitos pós-operatórios, principalmente quando feitas profilaticamente. Uma nova técnica foi planejada para evitar alterações no mecanismo de esvaziamento gátrico e a recirculação do conteúdo alimentar. Esta técnica consta de anastomose gastrojejunal entre o corpo gátrico e a primeira alça jejunal tipo Braun em que a alça aferente é bloqueada evitando o ciclo vicioso alimentar. A reconstituição do trânsito alimentar é feita a jusante desta anastomose, impedindo o refluxo biliar para o estômago. Dezenove pacientes foram tratados consecutivamente sem complicações. A sonda nasogástrica foi retirada em torno do terceiro dia de pós-operatório e iniciada realimentação no dia seguinte. Não se observaram vômitos no pós-operatório imediato ou tardio em decorrência de retardo do esvaziamento gátrico.

Resumo em Inglês:

Pancreatic cancer is most often diagnosed too late for curative resection. Therefore most of patients with pancreatic cancer are only submitted to palliative procedures. From those submitted to biliary bypass alone about 30 % need treatment for gastric obstruction at some point of the follow up. Surgical techniques for gastroenterostomy currently in use carry themselves delaying in the gastric emptying mechanisms and circulus vitiosus through the non obstructed duodenum. The objetive of this paper is to describe a new technique devised to avoid those problems and to improve the functional results of prophylatic gastroenterostomy. This was accomplished by a gastrojejunostomy in the upper body of the stomach and constructing the jejunal loop in a Braun fashion, whose afferent loop is blocked. The main features of this technique are the position of the gastroenterostomy with a low distubance of gastric motility and the construction of the jejunal loop in order to avoid the circulus vomiting. Nineteen patients were consecutively submitted to this procedure and no post operative complications were observed. Nasogastric tube was taken off in about three days and oral feeding resumed the next day. Vomits were not observed neither in the early post operative period nor in the long term follow up. This newly designed type of reconstruction is a effective gastric beypass and avoids the problem of food reentry.

Resumo em Português:

Foram estudados, num período de vinte anos, 215 doentes com megaesôfago, predominando o chagásico, tratados com esofagocardiomioplastia transversal extramucosa mais esofagogastrofundoplicatura parcial, que denominamos técnica de "Girard-Toupet-Lind". Ela foi usada nos pacientes portadores de megaesôfago de graus 2, 3 e 4. Os doentes operados foram 55,6% masculinos e 44,4% femininos. A faixa etria predominante foi entre a idade de 30 e 40 anos. Os autores descrevem pormenorizadamente a sistematização da técnica operatória, salientando sua fcil execução por via abdominal, criando uma ampla passagem na região esofagogástrica através de uma esofagocardiomioplastia transversal extramucosa e a confecção de uma válvula parcial anti-refluxo. Complicações pós-operatórias mediatas e imediatas ocorreram em sete doentes (3,2%), e salientam a baixa morbidez e mortalidade transoperatória nula. Os doentes foram avaliados através de exame clínico, estudos radiográficos, endoscópicos e histopatológicos. Com os resultados clínicos, radiográficos, endoscópicos e histopatológicos, neste estudo, pareceu-nos que a operação realizada trouxe benefícios aos doentes e inclusive aos portadores de megaesôfago grau 4.

Resumo em Inglês:

Two-hundred fifteen patients were followed for a 20 year period, being Chagas disease was the main cause of the disease. All patients were submitted to a transversal extramucosal esophagogastroplasty and parcial esophagogastrofundoplicature, which we call "Girard-Toupet-Lind" procedure. This procedure was used for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree megaesophagus. The mean age of the patients ranged from 30 to 40 years, being 55,6% for males and 44,4% for females. The systematization of the surgical technique is described by the authors. Attention is called for the simplicity of the procedure through abdominal approach, as well as the need of large passage in the esophagogastric region through a transverse extramucosal esophago- cardiomioplasty and parcial antireflux valve. The authors report early and late postoperative complications, pointing out the very low morbidity. Long term results of the surgery were carried out through clinic, radiological, endoscopic and histopathologic examinations. The authors realized that this surgical procedure is safe and brought real benefits to the patients with megaesophagus, even to those 4th degree patients.

Resumo em Português:

Os autores comparam um modelo convencional de suporte para pontos totais de segurança da parede abdominal com um novo modelo desenvolvido pelo Instituto de Bioengenharia Erasto Gaertner (IBEG) - o modelo MK, avaliando sua efetividade, ocorrência de complicações, aspecto estético, dor na cicatriz cirúrgica e viabilidade econômica. Foram estudados 66 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia abdominal em dois hospitais de Curitiba (Hospital Erasto Gaertner e Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná), no período de maio a julho de 1996. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: no primeiro grupo foi utilizado o modelo MK, enquanto no segundo utilizou-se o modelo convencional. O modelo MK demonstrou menor índice de complicações, entre as quais: hematoma (p=0,01), coleção sero-hemática (p=0,01), abscesso subcutâneo (p=0,01) e úlcera decorrente dos pontos totais (p=0,02). No que diz respeito à dor, o modelo MK foi mais bem tolerado pelos pacientes, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,004). O resultado estético e a ocorrência de deiscência, evisceração, hérnia incisional e infecção não mostraram diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. O modelo MK mostrou ser efetivo como suporte para pontos totais de segurança, com uma menor incidência de complicações e menor índice de dor local.

Resumo em Inglês:

The authors compare a conventional model of external splint for retention suture for closure of the abdominal wall to a new model, developed by Bioengineering Institute of Erasto Gaertner Hospital (Instituto de Bioengenharia do Hospital Erasto Gaertner/ IBEG) - the MK model, evaluating its effectiveness, occurrence of complications, esthetic aspect, pain in surgical wound e economic viability. Between May and July 1996, 66 patients undergoing to abdominal surgery in two hospitals of Curitiba were randomly allocated to model MK or conventional model. MK model had shown a significant lower incidence of complications as: wound hematoma (p=0,01), serous formation (0,01), subcutaneous abscess (p=0,01) and ulceration resulting from retention suture (p=0,02). Concerning wound pain, model MK was better tolerated by the patients, with statistically significant difference (p=0,004). Esthetic result and the occurrence of dehiscence, evisceration, incisional hernia and infection had shown no significant difference between the two groups. MK model had shown advantages as an external splint for retention suture, when compared with the conventional model, with a lower incidence of complications and local pain.

Resumo em Português:

Os autores analisaram, retrospectivamente, 117 pacientes portadores de abdome agudo não-traumático, submetidos à laparoscopia diagnóstica e/ou terapêutica, na Casa de Saúde Santa Martha, em Niterói. A precisão diagnóstica do exame laparoscópico foi de 96,6%. Com relação à terapêutica, 74,4% dos pacientes foram tratados por laparoscopia, 21,4% por laparotomia e 4,3% foram tratados clinicamente. A precocidade na realização da laparoscopia relacionou-se à maior taxa de sucesso com o tratamento laparoscópico (valor p < 0,05). Analisando-se a recuperação pós-operatória, os pacientes submetidos a intervenções laparoscópicas iniciaram a dieta oral e receberam alta mais precocemente que os submetidos à laparotomia (valor p < 0,05 e p < 0,01 respectivamente). A taxa de complicação foi de 13,7%, com mortalidade de 2,6%. Os autores concluem que a laparoscopia é um excelente método diagnóstico, permite um manejo terapêutico satisfatório associado a uma recuperação pós-operatória mais precoce.

Resumo em Inglês:

The authors studied restropectively 117 patients with nontraumatic acute abdomen, who were submitted to diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy, at Casa de Saúde Santa Martha - Niterói. In 96,6% of the patients lhe procedure confirmed the diagnosis. 74,4% were treated by this method, 21,4% by laparotomy and 4,3% received clinical treatment. It was noted that the earlier the diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, the bigger were the chances of doing therapeutic laparoscopy (p value < 0,05). The patients treated by laparoscopic surgery were fed and were discharged from hospital earlier than the patients treated by laparotomy (p value < 0,05 and p < 0,01). The complication rate was 13,7% and the mortality rate was 2,6%. The authors conclude that laparoscopy is a good diagnostic and therapeutic method. There is also a good correlation with this method and a quicker recovering of the patients.

Resumo em Português:

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar as complicações que ocorreram em seiscentos pacientes consecutivos com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico submetidos à fundoplicatura laparoscópica. O procedimento de Nissen-Rosetti (fundoplicatura de 360°) foi realizado em 587 pacientes (97,8%) e o de Toupet (fundoplicatura de 270°) em 13 (2,2%). Oitenta e um pacientes também foram submetidos à colecistectomia no mesmo ato operatório, e um a diverticulectomia faringoesofágica cervical com miotomia cricofaringeana. Trinta e nove pacientes tinham operação prévia no abdome superior. O período de internação hospitalar variou de 12 horas a 23 dias, com média de 1,2 dias. A via de acesso foi convertida em laparotomia em dez pacientes (1,7%). A principal causa de conversão foi a presença de aderências. A complicação intra- operatória mais freqüente foi pneumotórax, que foi observado em oito pacientes. Todos os pneumotóraces ocorreram nos cem primeiros casos. Cinco pacientes apresentaram hemorragia significante, sendo que dois deles necessitaram laparotomia para controle do sangramento. Úlcera gástrica foi diagnosticada em sete pacientes. Um paciente etilista morreu de pancreatite aguda e outro de síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas conseqüente à perfuração gástrica. Outras complicações importantes foram: dois abscessos intra-abdominais, uma perfuração esofágica, uma sepse secundária à perfuração gástrica, um choque hemorrágico e uma obstrução gástrica secundária à herniação da fundoplicatura. Concluímos que a taxa de complicações da fundoplicatura laparoscópica é baixa e diminui significativamente com a experiência do cirurgião.

Resumo em Inglês:

The objective of the present study is to present the complications that occurred in 600 consecutive patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. A Nissen-Rosetti procedure (360° fundoplication) was performed in 587 patients (97.8%) and a Toupet procedure (270(0) fundoplication) in 13 (2.2%). Eighty- one patients were also subjected to a concurrent cholecystectomy and one patient a concurrent cervical pharyngoesophageal diverticulectomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy. Thirty-nine patients had a previous upper abdominal operation. The period of hospitalization varied from 12 hours to 23 days, with an average of 1.2 days. The operation was converted to an open procedure in 10 patients (1,7%). The main cause of conversion was the presence of adhesions. The most frequent intraoperative complication was pneumothorax, that was observed in eight patients. All pneumothoraces occurred in the first 100 cases. Five patients had significant operative bleeding; two of them required laparotomy for bleeding control. Gastric ulcer was diagnosed in seven patients. One alcoholic patient died of acute pancreatitis and other with gastric perforation of multiple organ failure syndrome. Other major complications were two intrabdominal abscesses, one esophageal perforation, one sepsis due to gastric perforation, one hemorrhagic shock, and one gastric obstruction due to fundoplication herniation. It is concluded that complications of laparoscopic fundoplication are low and decrease significantly with the surgeon's experience.

Resumo em Inglês:

This report describes a leiomyoma of the inferior third section of the esophagus removed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient is a woman 55-years-age, carrying esophageal myoma of 40 mm in diameter wide, situated in the posterior wall of the lower esophagus. Indications for surgery were based mainly on the growth of the mass (6 mm when discovered 7 years previously, increased to 40 mm). Recently the patient returned suffering from pain, which could be attributed to his litiasic cholecystopaty. A small degree of low disphagia could also be observed. Radiologic imaging, direct endoscopic examination and endoscopic ultrasound showed that the mioma protruded on to the oesophagic lumen, discreetly diminishing there. A laparoscopic esophageal myomectomy was indicated at the same session of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Once the pneunoperitoneum was installed, five ports were placed as if for a hiatus hernia surgery. The cholecystectomy was uneventful. Next, an esophagoscopy was performed so as to determine the precise area covering the base of the tumour; at the right-lateral site. Longitudinal and circular fibres of the esophagus was severed over the lesion and the enucleation of the tumour was performed alternating the monopolar dissection, bipolar and hidrodisection. Control-endoscopy was carried out to verify mucosa integrity. Four suture points with poliglactine 3-0 string so as to close the musculature followed this. One suture was placed in for diminution of the size of the esophagean hiatus. Total time of intervention: two hours (30m for the cholecystectomy and one hour and thirty minutes for the myomectomy). Postoperative period: uneventful. Disappearance of the disphagia was observed. Radiologic transit control with water-soluble contrast at 4th post-operative day: good passage. Diagnosis from laboratory of pathology: conjunctive tumour formed by muscle non-striated cells: leiomyoma. The patient was re-examined on the two-month postoperative follow-up. General conditions were good and there were no complain of dysphagia. Neither there were any symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux.

Resumo em Inglês:

The great majority of the ingested foreign bodies (92,5%) enters into the gastrointestinal tract, and only a few of cases go to the respiratory tract. Eighty to 90% of those that go into the gastrointestinal tract are spontaneously eliminated but 10- 20% must be removed by endoscopy and 1% needs to be surgically removed. The authors report a case of accidental ingestion of a foreign body (toothbrush) by a 20-year-old patient.

Resumo em Inglês:

The authors report a case of the 15 year old young man, from endemic zone of schistosomiasis and with a chronic schistosomiasis, was admitted complaining of continuous pain in the right upper quadrant, spreaded to epigastrium and right lower quadrant which, began 10 days before. It was associated to fever, anorexia, hepatomegaly, esplenomegaly and signs of peritoneal irritation without clinical improvement. At laparotomy multiple liver microabscesses were found. Excluded the classic etiology, a liver biopsy was done and showed Schistossoma mansoni eggs. surrounded by the same inflamatory cells of microabscesses. This suggested that they have been the predisposing cause for the formation of liver abscesses, as shown in the literature. Schistosomiasis can be complicated with pylephlebitis, immunodepression and granulomatous reaction, centrallobular necrosis and a raise in the infection risk. The described data suggest the schistosomiasis as the etiology of hepatic microabscesses, mainly in endemic zones.

Resumo em Inglês:

The authors present five cases of maxillary sinus foreign bodies, four of them (80%) originated from surgical problems. They discuss their findings, enphasizing the difficulty and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. They recommend the use of tied gauze in the surgical procedures in the maxillary sinus.

Resumo em Inglês:

Colonic obstruction is a very rare complication of gallstone disease. We describe two cases of colonic obstruction by gallstone in old age women, in which the final diagnosis was made on surgery. In one it was found a cholecystocolic fistula and a stone impacted in the sigmoid colon which was milked until the cecum, where it was removed through a cecolithotomy. In the other there was a cholecystoduodenal fistula, the stone was impacted in the sigmoid colon and in association there was a colonic necrosis, treated by colectomy, ileostomy and mucous fistula, During colonic mobilization a colecystoduodenal fistula was exposed, making necessary to perform a cholecystectomy and fistula repair. Both patients died in sepsis.

Resumo em Inglês:

A case of gastrocolic fistula(GCF) in a patient with duodenal stenosis who had previously undergone gastroenteric anastomosis is reported. The patient went through hemigastrectomy, partial colectomy and segmental enterectomy with bloc resection. Reconstruction was carried out through Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, jejunojejunostomy and end-to-end anastomosis of the colon. The patient had good post-operative evolution and was discharged from hospital seven days after surgery. GCF should be suspected in patients presenting weight loss, diarrhea and fecal vomiting, mainly with history of peptic ulcer surgery, gastric or colonic malignancy and use of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs. Barium enema is the choice test for diagnosis, however, the benign or malignant nature of the lesion should always be evaluated through high digestive endoscopy. Clinical treatment with oral H2-antagonists and discontinuing ulcerogenic medications might be indicated in some cases; surgical treatment is indicated in cases of malignant disease and might be indicated in cases of peptic disease as it treats GCF and also the baseline disease. Some advise upwards colostomy at first. The most used technique is bloc resection, including the fistulous tract, hemigastrectomy and partial colectomy. Gastrectomy, fistulous tract excision and colon suturing may be performed in some cases. The mortality rate is related to metabolic disorders and the recurrence with the use of antiinflammatory drugs.

Resumo em Inglês:

The authors present a case of chronic recurrent sinusitis of rare etiology in a man submitted previously to a facial peeling. The computed tomography and the sinusal endoscopy revealed periorbital fat in the maxilary sinus. There was a history of old orbital floor fracture.