Prevalence of school violence and use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents

Beserra, Maria Aparecida; Carlos, Diene Monique; Leitão, Maria Neto da Cruz; Ferriani, Maria das Graças Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2124.3110

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 27 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2124.3110 copy

Prevalence of school violence and use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents^* * Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation, “Violence during adolescence in the school context and associated factors”, presented to Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Supported by Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), Brazil, grant #BCT-0229-4.04/11, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil, grant #140082/2013-1 and by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil, grant #2014/23620-7.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to analyze the school violence suffered and practiced and its association with the use of alcohol and other drugs in adolescents between 12 and 18 years old.

Method:

the study sample consisted of 643 adolescents enrolled in six schools, who answered two self-administered questionnaires: “Global School-based Student Health Survey” and “Violence in School”. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the degree of association between the variables was analyzed using the prevalence ratio.

Results:

the prevalence of school violence suffered and practiced was 62.2% and 51.9%, respectively. About 44.6% of the aggressors said they did not want to change their behavior. There was an expressive prevalence of alcohol use (16.5%), tobacco (15.7%) and illicit drugs (6.8%), and drunkenness (12.6%). There was a significant association between the violence suffered and the age group of 12 to 14 years old (p=0.001); (p=0.011) and education level in elementary school (p<0.001). In mothers with less than eight years of studies, the association was significant for the violence practiced (p=0.002).

Conclusion:

the study contributes to the aspects involved in school violence, which can subsidize actions and policies in this area.

Descriptors:
Adolescent Behavior; School Health; Violence; Street Drugs; Underage Drinking; Smoking

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding Author:
Diene Monique Carlos E-mail: diene_enf@yahoo.com.br

Variable	n	%
Have you ever felt victimized by peers or other people at school? ^†
Yes	400	62.2
No	243	37.8
Types of aggression suffered ^‡
Physics	129	24.0
Verbal	292	54.2
Psychological	44	8.2
Patrimonial	26	4.8
Sexual	26	4.8
Other aggressions	22	4.1
How many times have you been beaten or persecuted? ^§
Once	319	79.8
Twice or more times	81	20.2
In which school did these situations occur? ^\|\|
Classroom	224	45.9
Courtyard	83	17.0
Corridors and/or stairs	88	18.0
Dining hall	26	5.3
Physical Education Space	11	2.2
Bathroom	18	3.7
Other	38	7.8
In these situations, how many people have you been beaten? ^§
One	262	65.5
Two	94	23.5
Three or more	44	11.0
In these situations, what people have you been assaulted? ^¶
Classmates	384	96.2
School workers	19	4.8
Are you still being beaten/persecuted by these people? ^§
Yes	50	12.5
No	350	87.5
Has anyone witnessed such situations? ^§
Yes	205	51.3
No	195	48.8
What did the people who witnessed these situations do?**
Nothing	88	36.7
Escape /was afraid	8	3.3
Looked for an adult	19	7.9
Asked the aggressor to stop	25	10.4
Supported the aggressor/ Smiled at the situation	30	12.5
Supported you / Advised you to move away from the aggressor	65	27.1
Approached to see / Another attitude	5	2.1

Variable	n	%
In the last 30 days, have you consumed at least one drink containing alcohol?* ^,†
Yes	106	16.5
No	537	83.5
How many doses did you drink per day? ^†,‡
Less than 1 dose	13	12.3
One dose	19	17.9
Two doses	25	23.6
Three doses	16	15.1
4 doses or more	33	31.1
How did you get the drink you consumed? ^†,‡
Bought it in a bar/Restaurant/Supermarket/Street vendor	52	49.1
Got it with your friends	38	35.8
Got it in their house	11	10.4
Stole it/Got it in some other way	5	4.7
During your life, how many times have you been drunk?*
None	530	82.4
1 to 2	81	12.6
3 or more	32	5.0
During your life, how many times have you used illicit drugs?*
None	599	93.2
1 to 2	34	5.3
3 or more	10	1.6

	Violence suffered
Variable	Yes		No		p-value*	PR ^† (CI ^‡ a 95%)
	n	%	n	%
Age group
12 to 14	204	72.9	76	27.1	< 0.001 ^§	1.35 (1.20 a 1.52)
15 to 18	196	54.0	167	46.0		1.00
Gender
Male	158	68.7	72	31.3	0.011 ^§	1.17 (1.04 a 1.32)
Female	242	58.6	171	41.4		1.00
Marital status
Single	373	62.0	229	38.0	0.610	1.00
Married/Stable union	27	65.9	14	34.1		1.06 (0.85 a 1.34)
Education level
Elementary school	212	71.9	83	28.1	0.001 ^§	1.33 (1.18 a 1.50)
High school	188	54.0	160	46.0		1.00
Residing with
Parents	210	63.3	122	36.7	0.817	1.10 (0.81 a 1.49)
Only with the mother	149	60.8	96	39.2		1.06 (0.78 a 1.44)
Only with the father	22	66.7	11	33.3		1.16 (0.79 a 1.69)
Other person	19	57.6	14	42.4		1.00
Education level of the mother
Less than 8 years	124	66.7	62	33.3	0.324	1.09 (0.92 a 1.30)
8 to 11 years	202	60.1	134	39.9		0.98 (0.83 a 1.16)
12 or more	74	61.2	47	38.8		1.00

	Violence practiced
Variable	Yes		No		p-value*	PP ^† (IC ^‡ to 95%)
	n	%	n	%
Age group
12 to 14	163	58.2	117	41.8	0.005 ^§	1.24 (1.07 a 1.43)
15 to 18	171	47.1	192	52.9		1.00
Gender
Male	143	62.2	87	37.8	< 0.001 ^§	1.34 (1.16 a 1.55)
Female	191	46.2	222	53.8		1.00
Education level
Elementary school	177	60.0	118	40.0	< 0.001 ^§	1.33 (1.15 a 1.54)
High school	157	45.1	191	54.9		1.00
Working
Yes	39	50.0	39	50.0	0.714	1.00
No	295	52.2	270	47.8		1.04 (0.83 a 1.32)
Residing with
Parents	174	52.4	158	47.6	0.841	1.00
Only the mother	123	50.2	122	49.8		0.96 (0.82 a 1.13)
Only the father	19	57.6	14	42.4		1.10 (0.81 a 1.50)
Other person	18	54.5	15	45.5		1.04 (0.75 a 1.44)
Education level of the mother
Less than 8 years	116	62.4	70	37.6	0.002 ^§	1.42 (1.13 a 1.79)
8 to 11 years	165	49.1	171	50.9		1.12 (0.89 a 1.41)
12 or more	53	43.8	68	56.2		1.00

Variable	Yes		No		p-value*	PR ^† (CI ^‡ to 95%)
Variable	n	%	n	%	p-value*	PR ^† (CI ^‡ to 95%)
Use alcohol
Age group
12 to 14	17	8.3	187	91.7	< 0.001 ^§	1.00
15 to 18	54	27.6	142	72.4		3.31 (1.99 a 5.50)
Gender
Male	28	17.7	130	82.3	0.990	1.00
Female	43	17.8	199	82.2		1.00 (0.65 a 1.54)
Violence suffered
No	71	17.8	329	82.2	0.267	1.23 (0.85 a 1.79)
Yes	35	14.4	208	85.6		1.00
Violence practiced
No	58	17.4	276	82.6	0.532	1.12 (0.79 a 1.59)
Yes	48	15.5	261	84.5		1.00
Use of tobacco
Age group
12 to 14	15	7.4	189	92.6	< 0.001 ^§	1.00
15 to 18	51	26.0	145	74.0		3.54 (2.06 a 6.08)
Gender
Male	25	15.8	133	84.2	0.768	1.00
Female	41	16.9	201	83.1		1.07 (0.68 a 1.69)
Violence suffered
No	66	16.5	334	83.5	0.479	1.15 (0.79 a 1.67)
Yes	35	14.4	208	85.6		1.00
Violence practiced
No	56	16.8	278	83.2	0.443	1.15 (0.80 a 1.65)
Yes	45	14.6	264	85.4		1.00
Use of illicit drugs
Age group
12 to 14	8	3.9	196	96.1	0.014 ^§	1.00
15 to 18	20	10.2	176	89.8		2.60 (1.17 a 5.77)
Gender
Male	11	7.0	147	93.0	0.981	1.00
Female	17	7.0	225	93.0		1.01 (0.49 a 2.10)
Violence suffered
No	28	7.0	372	93.0	0.840	1.06 (0.59 a 1.92)
Yes	16	6.6	227	93.4		1.00
Violence practiced
No	25	7.5	309	92.5	0.503	1.22 (0.68 a 2.17)
Yes	19	6.1	290	93.9		1.00