Social relationships and survival in the older adult cohort

a cohort study (2008 and 2016/17), conducted with 1,593 individuals aged 60 years old or over, in individual interviews. The outcomes of social relations and survival were verified by Multiple Correspondence Analysis, which guided the proposal of an explanatory matrix for social relations, the analysis of survival by Kaplan-Meier, and the multivariate analysis by Cox regression to verify the association between the independent variables.

Results:

follow-up was carried out with 82.5% (n=1,314), with 46.1% being followed up in 2016/17 (n=735) and 579 deaths (36.4%). The older adults who went out of their homes daily had a 39% reduction in mortality, and going to parties kept the protective effect of 17% for survival. The lower risk of death for women is modified when the older adults live in households with two or more people, in this case women have an 89% higher risk of death than men.

Conclusion:

strengthened social relationships play a mediating role in survival. The findings made it possible to verify the importance of going out of the house as a marker of protection for survival.

Descriptors:
Aged; Social Support; Mortality; Longitudinal Studies; Health of the Elderly; Interpersonal Relations

	n	Deaths	Age*	Rate (‰)	95CI^†
Global
Global	1,314	579	77y11m	67.56	62.05	73.06
Gender
Male	499	245	76y2m	78.14	68.35	87.92
Female	815	334	79y7m	61.45	54.86	68.04
Schooling
Illiterate	311	158	76y2m	81.41	68.72	94.10
1 to 7 years	732	319	77y11m	66.83	59.49	74.16
8 to 20 years	270	101	78y5m	54.48	43.85	65.10
Economic classification
A/B	340	122	79y2m	52.97	43.57	62.37
C	506	229	78y4m	70.56	61.42	79.70
D/E	458	220	76y3m	73.97	64.19	83.74
Smoking
No	1,110	482	78y10m	66.33	60.41	72.25
Yes	204	97	74y6m	74.40	59.60	89.21
Multimorbidity
No	569	235	78y1m	62.41	54.43	70.38
Yes	745	344	76y11m	71.59	64.03	79.16
Functional difficulty
No difficulty	1,164	457	78y7m	57.54	52.26	62.81
With difficulty	150	122	68at9m	194.38	159.89	228.87
Number of residents in the home
Alone	229	103	77y11m	67.54	54.5	80.59
Older adult and 1 other person	434	183	78y7m	63.62	54.4	72.84
Older adult and 2 or more people	649	291	77y8m	70.05	62.0	78.10
Going out of the house
Not at all	202	138	71y6m	137.67	114.70	160.64
Once a week	292	139	75y7m	75.34	62.82	87.87
2 to 4 times/week	352	145	77y9m	60.13	50.35	69.92
Every day	468	157	80y8m	47.40	39.99	54.82
Going to parties
No	904	444	76y3m	78.09	70.83	85.35
Yes	410	135	80y10m	46.80	38.90	54.69

Risk factors	Gross Analysis			Adjusted Analysis
Risk factors	HR (CI₉₅)	p.Wald^* * Tests the null hypothesis that the hazard for death is the same in all the categories of the variable;	p.LLH^† † Tests the null hypothesis that the global hazard for death does not change because of the variable. Model information: n: 1,301; No. of events: 568; Likelihood ratio test: 119.2 in 18 DoF, p<0.001; AIC: 5898.7	HR (CI₉₅)	p.Wald^* * Tests the null hypothesis that the hazard for death is the same in all the categories of the variable;	p.LLH^† † Tests the null hypothesis that the global hazard for death does not change because of the variable. Model information: n: 1,301; No. of events: 568; Likelihood ratio test: 119.2 in 18 DoF, p<0.001; AIC: 5898.7
Gender			<0.001			<0.001
Male	1	--		1	--
Female	0.68 (0.58;0.81)	<0.001		0,43 (0,29; 0,64)	<0.001
Schooling
8 years or more	1	--		1	--
1 to 7 years	1,14 (0,91; 1,42)	0.262		1,03 (0,69; 1,52)	0.90
Illiterate	1,02 (0,79; 1,32)	0,885		2,12 (1,22; 3,68)	0.007
Economic classification			0.097			0.20
A/B	1	--		1	--
C	1.27 (1.02; 1.58)	0.036		1.85 (1.21; 2.83)	0.004
D/E	1.21 (0.96; 1.51)	0.102		1.33 (0.56; 3.11)	0.51
Smoking			<0.001			<0.001
No	1	--		1	--
Yes	1.57 (1.25; 1.96)	<0.001		1.48 (1.17; 1.86)	0.001
Multimorbidity			0.304			--
No	1	--		--	--
Yes	1.09 (0.92; 1.29)	0.305		--	--
Functional difficulty	<0.001					<0.001
No difficulty	1	--		1	--
With difficulty	2.18 (1.75;2.72)	<0.001		1.95 (1.52; 2.50)	<0.001
Number of residents in the home			0.179			0.65
Alone	1	--		1	--
Older adult and 1 other person	0.96 (0.75; 1.22)	0.745		0.76 (0.52; 1.10)	0.14
Older adult and 2 or more people	1.14 (0.91; 1.43)	0.268		0.65 (0.45; 0.93)	0.02
Going to parties			<0.001			0.02
No	1	--		1	--
Yes	0.68 (0.56; 0.83)	<0.001		0.83 (0.67; 1.02)	0.08
Going out of the house			<0.001			<0.001
Not at all	1	--		1	--
Once a week	0.69 (0.54; 0.88)	0.002		0.77 (0.59; 1.00)	0.05
2 to 4 times/week	0.61 (0.48; 0.78)	<0.001		0.78 (0.60; 1.02)	0.07
Every day	0.48 (0.38; 0.61)	<0.001		0.61 (0.46; 0.80)	<0.001
Interactions
Gender and number of residents						0.03
Older adult and 1 other person: Female	--	--	--	1.39 (0.85; 2.28)	0.19
Older adult and 2 or more people: Female	--	--	--	1.89 (1.18; 3.03)	0.008
Schooling and economic classification						0.004
1 to 7 years: C	--	--	--	0.70 (0.41; 1.19)	0.19
Illiterate: C	--	--	--	0.25 (0.12; 0.50)	<0.001
1 to 7 years: D/E	--	--	--	1.04 (0.42; 2.58)	0.94
Illiterate: D/E	--	--	--	0.36 (0.13; 0.96)	0.04

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[1] Corresponding author: Mariangela Uhlmann Soares E-mail: mariangela.soares@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Social relationships and survival in the older adult cohort* * Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Social relationship and survival in the elderly cohort of Bagé, RS”, presented to Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion:

Social relationships and survival in the older adult cohort^* * Paper extracted from doctoral dissertation “Social relationship and survival in the elderly cohort of Bagé, RS”, presented to Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.