Estimate of consumption of phenolic compounds by Brazilian
               population

Corrêa, Vanesa Gesser; Tureck, Camila; Locateli, Gelvani; Peralta, Rosane Marina; Koehnlein, Eloá Angélica

doi:10.1590/1415-52732015000200007

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Artigos Originais • Rev. Nutr. 28 (2) • Mar-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000200007 copy

Estimate of consumption of phenolic compounds by Brazilian population

Estimativa do consumo de compostos fenólicos pela população brasileira

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

Estimate the intake of phenolic compounds by the Brazilian population.

METHODS:

To estimate the average per capita food consumption, micro data from the National Dietary Survey and from the Household Budget Survey from 2008 to 2009 was analyzed. The phenolic content in food was estimated from the base of Phenol-Explorer. It was chosen according to compatibility and variety of food items and usual method of preparation.

RESULTS:

The Brazilian population consumed, on average, 460.15 mg/day of total phenolic compounds, derived mainly from beverages (48.9%), especially coffee and legumes (19.5%). Since this analysis of classes of phenolics it was possible to observe an intake of 314 mg/day of phenolic acids, 138.92 mg/day of flavonoids and 7.16 mg/ day of other kinds of phenolics. Regarding the variables studied this present study shows that those men who live in the countryside and in the northeastern region of the country had a higher consumption of phenolic compounds. Besides, consumption was higher by adults and the elderly, the medium income classes, the population with incomplete and complete primary education and those with adequate nutrition and also overweight status.

CONCLUSION:

The intake of phenolic compounds can be considered low, especially where consumption of fruit and vegetables is insufficient. We can conclude that coffee and black beans were the best contributors to phenolic intake.

Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Food consumption; Phenolic compounds

		Male				Female
Characteristics
Characteristics	Adolescent	Adult	Elderly		Adolescent	Adult	Elderly
	Adolescent	Adult	Elderly		Adolescent	Adult	Elderly

n	0003,402	0010,220	0001,986	0003,508		0012,410	0002,321
Weight (kg)	0051.310	0073.420	0069.570	0048.170		0061.970	0063.060
BMI (kg/m²)	0019.930	0025.240	0025.260	0020.200		0025.330	0026.610
Energy intake (kcal)	2,136.500	2,163.000	1,795.000	1,911.500		1,710.000	1,490.000
Carbohydrate intake (g)	0301.350	0296.200	0248.400	0273.500		0240.500	0210.900
Protein intake(g)	0083.950	0091.500	0077.400	0072.150		0070.100	0062.900
Lipid intake(g)	0066.350	0065.400	0053.400	0059.350		0052.300	0044.600
Fiber intake(g)	0021.900	0023.500	0021.500	0018.650		0018.200	0017.600

	Total phenolics			Phenolic acids				Flavonoids				Other phenolics			Major food source (%
	Total phenolics			Phenolic acids				Flavonoids				Other phenolics			contribution to the phenolic

Food groups	M	±	SD	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD
Food groups	M	±	SD	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD	intake for each food group)
															intake for each food group)

Beverages	225.36	±	191.01	198.14	±	181.42	21.77		±	41.29	5.45		±	65.64	Coffee (83.58), orange juice
															(12.89), mate tea (2.46).
Legumes	89.70	±	90.61	38.11	±	38.01	51.58		±	52.77	-		±	-	Black bean (93.75), bean
															preparations (5.46).
Cereals and	77.04	±	181.50	73.65	±	181.60	2.31		±	5.11	1.15		±	2.79	Boiled corn (74.60), cooked
products															rice (9.81), glam (cornflour)
															(8.05), cake (2.55).
Fruits	43.19	±	161.99	0.46	±	1.27	42.72		±	161.48	0.00		±	3.65	Apple (34.64), açai (33.85),
															orange	(20.58),	grape
															(3.77).
Cocoa-based	19.00	±	116.79	0.17	±	1.44	18.83		±	115.72	0.00		±	8.02	Chocolate powder (53.32),
products															Milk chocolate (46.74).
Vegetables	5.17	±	14.89	3.45	±	13.23	1.71		±	6.59	0.00		±	0.00	Boiled potato (52.99), kale
															(21.89),	tomato	(6.78),
															boiled sweet potato (6.21).
Oils	0.69	±	1.50	0.00	±	0.01	0.00		±	0.00	0.68		±	119.58	Heterogeneous item.
Nuts and seeds	0.01	±	0.20	0.01	±	0.20	-		±	-	0.00		±	14.73	Heterogeneous item.
Total	460.15	±	341.33	314	±	270.01	138.92		±	208.06	7.16		±	6.57	Coffee (40.93), Black beans
															(18.27), boiled corn (12.49),
															orange juice (6.31).

Note: M: Mean; SD: Standard Deviation.

Variables	Phenolic acids				Flavonoids			Other phenolics				Total phenolics
Variables
	M	±	SD		M	±	SD	M	±	SD		M	±	SD

Total	314.01	±	269.99	138.94		±	208.06	7.19	±	6.57	460.18		±	341.33
Gender
Male	341.76	±	294.41^a	145.99		±	204.99^a	7.61	±	7.12^a	495.37		±	362.04^a
Female	290.32	±	256.88^b	132.9		±	210.46^b	6.84	±	6.05^b	430.06		±	319.5^b
Household status
Urban	299.55	±	258.68^a	136.54		±	193.49^a	7.44	±	6.71^a	443.54		±	321.63^a
Rural	359.14	±	298.04^b	146.4		±	247.86^b	6.42	±	6.06^b	511.97		±	391.97^b
Geographic region
North	252.54	±	203.24^a	188.93		±	359.34^a	6.93	±	6.67^a,b	448.41		±	412.11^a
Northeast	376.46	±	317.25^b	103.28		±	134.24^a	6.96	±	5.98^b,c	486.70		±	349.08^b
Southeast	300.45	±	226.11^c	152.32		±	184.78^c	7.29	±	6.28^c	460.06		±	294.25^a,c
South	299.69	±	267.49^c	159.06		±	204.47^c	8.71	±	8.05^d	467.47		±	345.03^c
Mid West	249.32	±	222.73^a	139.59		±	151.23^d	6.58	±	6.76^a	395.51		±	282.61^d
Age group
Adolescents (≥10 =18)	275.13	±	253.43^a	158.75		±	250.18^a	6.80	±	6.31^a	440.69		±	347.79^a
Adults (≥19 =59)	323.01	±	272.98^b	136.87		±	198.31^b	7.48	±	6.76^b	467.36		±	340.57^b
Elderly (≥60)	329.43	±	274.25^b	118.01		±	179.05^c	6.25	±	5.82^c	453.70		±	333.50^a,b
Social class (per capita income)
Up to U$149.5	326.86	±	281.06^a	105.27		±	194.71^a	4.94	±	4.87^a	437.08		±	338.04^a
Between U$149.5 and U$288.4	367.58	±	309.64^b	115.60		±	207.06^a,b	6.01	±	5.32^a	489.19		±	370.25^b
Between U$288.4 and U$550.0	343.37	±	287.73^a	128.03		±	213.15^b	6.57	±	5.93^c	477.98		±	357.43^b
More than U$550.0	295.60	±	254.80^c	147.46		±	206.25^c	7.67	±	6.94^d	450.73		±	330.76^a
Education
Unschooled	293.87	±	264.62^a,b	146.44		±	235.53^a,b,c	6.77	±	6.35^a,b	447.09		±	349.13^a,b
Incomplete primary	358.20	±	294.36^c	123.72		±	181.94^a	6.48	±	5.85^a	488.40		±	351.68^c
Complete primary	321.84	±	266.40^b	132.67		±	195.68^a,b	7.40	±	6.85^b	461.92		±	337.47^b,c
Secondary school	289.84	±	242.57^a	147.12		±	196.83^b,c	8.29	±	6.99^c	445.25		±	314.96^a,b
Graduation	245.69	±	212.37^d	167.07		±	218.77^c,d	9.45	±	8.05^d	422.21		±	312.66^a
Post graduation	242.50	±	205.14^d	182.05		±	278.11^d	10.18	±	9.48^e	434.73		±	342.12^a,b
Nutritional Status
Underweight	318.78	±	267.76^a	121.05		±	181.33^a	6.22	±	5.52^a	446.12		±	330.12^a
Eutrophic	314.33	±	269.33^a	141.69		±	213.26^b	7.24	±	6.68^b	464.22		±	344.81^b
Overweight	312.66	±	271.89^a	136.17		±	198.89^b	7.27	±	5.60^b	456.09		±	336.13^a,b

	Underweight					Eutrophic			Overweight
Food group
Food group	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD
	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD

Cereals and products	76.62	±	184.03^a	81.08		±	183.84^a	71.68		±	178.51^a
Vegetables	5.00	±	13.67^a,b	4.82		±	14.06^a	5.68		±	16.15^b
Legumes	89.12	±	84.31^a	90.95		±	91.75^a	88.39		±	89.97^a
Nuts and Seeds	0.00	±	0.16^a	0.01		±	0.17^a	0.01		±	0.24^a
Fruits	35.27	±	137.66^a	43.12		±	162.42^a	43.29		±	158.89^a
Cocoa-based products	14.53	±	98.26^a	21.21		±	125.38^b	16.25		±	105.64^a,b
Oils	0.62	±	1.53^a	0.70		±	1.51^a	0.69		±	1.49^a
Beverages	224.75	±	187.85^a	222.49		±	191.15^a	230.10		±	191.72^a
Total	446.12	±	330.12^a	464.22		±	344.81^b	456.09		±	336.13^a,b

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[1] COLLABORATORS VG CORRÊA was responsible for the collection and analysis of data, as well as for the elaboration of the article. C TURECK and G LOCATELLI contributed to the analysis and discussion of data. RM PERALTA was responsible for the conception, data analysis and writing of the final version of the article. EA KOEHNLEIN was responsible for the conception, guidance, data analysis and elaboration of the article. All authors participated in the review of the final version of the manuscript.