Food habits and risk of cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren from
               Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais

Coelho, Lorene Gonçalves; Cândido, Ana Paula Carlos; Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins; Freitas, Silvia Nascimento de

doi:10.1590/1415-52732015000200002

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Artigos Originais • Rev. Nutr. 28 (2) • Mar-Apr 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732015000200002 copy

Food habits and risk of cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren from Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais

Hábitos alimentares e risco de doenças cardiovasculares em escolares de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the relationship between food habits and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in schoolchildren of the city Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sample of 738 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting demographic, socioeconomic, biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric data. Food intake was determined by a food-frequency questionnaire. Food habits were evaluated according to the adapted Recommended Food Score. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to assess how food consumption was associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

RESULTS:

The schoolchildren presented a dietary pattern characterized by low consumption of healthy foods. Association of cardiovascular risk factors showed that the consumption of foods according to the adapted Recommended Food Score was negatively and significantly associated with tetrapolar percentage of body fat (p=0.030) and systolic blood pressure (p=0.049) in children aged 6-9 years.

CONCLUSION:

Children's dietary patterns proved to be an important determinant of some of the cardiovascular risk factors studied. Thus, food intake assessment is a primary tool for the prevention and early intervention on cardiovascular risk factors during childhood.

Adolescent; Cardiovascular diseases; Child; Food habits; Risk factors

Characteristics	Total (n=738)				Children (n=286)				Adolescents (n=452)			_p* a

	Median	(Min - Max)			Median	(Min - Max)			Median	(Min - Max)
	Median	(Min - Max)			Median	(Min - Max)			Median	(Min - Max)

Age (years)	10	(6 - 14)		8		(6 - 9)		12		(10 - 14)		<0.001
Family income (reais)	700	(80 - 35,000)		700		(80 - 20,000)		700		(80 - 35,000)		<0.740
BMI-for-age (Z-score)	0.01	(-3.7 - 4.3)		00.07		(-3.7 - 4.3)		0-0.01		(-3.4 - 4.3)		<0.082
Waist circumference (cm)	61.0	(46.5	- 109.0)	56.00		(46.5 - 93.5)		-64.00		(49.0	- 109.0)	<0.001
Tetrapolar BF (%)	18.7	(3.3	- 47.2)	15.70		(3.4	- 40.9)	-21.10		(3.3	- 47.2)	<0.001
BF-ST (%)	15.9	(2.9	- 39.6)	15.40		(6.8	- 34.2)	-16.50		(2.9	- 39.6)	<0.014
HDL-c (mg/dL)	56.5	(22.0 - 99.1)		57.00		(22.0 - 99.0)		-56.10		(30.0 - 99.1)		<0.253
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	66.9	(16.9	- 673.1)	66.30		(16.9	- 513.7)	-67.20		(20.0	- 673.1)	<0.884
RFS (points)	15.0	(3.0	- 41.0)	16.00		(3.0	- 39.0)	-15.00		(3.0	- 41.0)	<0.562

Characteristics	Total (n=738)				Children (n=286)				Adolescents (n=452)			_p* a

	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD
	M	±	SD		M	±	SD		M	±	SD

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	101.18	±	13.51	96.28		±	13.63	104.22		±	12.52	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	62.71	±	9.27	59.96		±	09.34	064.42		±	08.81	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	158.76	±	29.78	159.55		±	27.11	158.26		±	31.37	<0.569
LDL-c (mg/dL)	85.55	±	29.73	85.39		±	28.26	085.66		±	30.65	<0.906
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	82.44	±	7.97	80.40		±	07.52	083.73		±	07.98	<0.001

Model		Children				Adolescents

	β	95%IC (β)	p		β	95%IC (β)	p
	β	95%IC (β)	p		β	95%IC (β)	p

RFS^a	-0.173	[-0.314; -0,031]	0.017	-0.034		[-0.139; 0.070]	0.516
RFS^b	-0.128	[-0.297; -0,013]	0.033	-0.008		[-0.114; 0.096]	0.865
RFS^c^*	-0.131	[-0.301; -0,015]	0.030	-0.013		[-0.121; 0.090]	0.774

Model		Children				Adolescents

	β	95%IC (β)	p		β	95%IC (β)	p
	β	95%IC (β)	p		β	95%IC (β)	p

RFS^a	-0.337	[-0.578; -0.095]	0,006	-0.019		[-0.196; 0.157]	0.829
RFS^b	-0.158	[-0.572; -0.085]	0,008	-0.020		[-0.222; 0.144]	0.677
RFS^c	-0.149	[-0.553; -0.064]	0,014	-0.015		[-0.213; 0.155]	0.756
RFS^d*	-0.112	[-0.462; -0.001]	0,049	0.001		[-0.176; 0.181]	0.980

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[TFN01] ^*
Note: p-values for the differences between children and adolescents.

[TFN02] ^a
Differences analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. BF: Body Fat; ST: Skinfold Thicknesses; RFS: Recommended Food Score; BMI: Body Mass Index; HDL-c: High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum.