DISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS ALGAS CALCÁRIAS INCRUSTANTES (CORALLINALES, RHODOPHYTA) EM DIFERENTES HABITATS NA PRAIA DO FORNO, ARMAÇÃO DOS BÚZIOS, RIO DE JANEIRO

Tâmega, Frederico Tapajós de Souza; Figueiredo, Marcia Abreu de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/2175-78602005568709

RESUMO

As algas calcárias incrustantes ocupam grande variedade de habitats nos substratos duros. Neste estudo as características morfológicas destas algas foram relacionadas à influência de fatores ambientais. Coletas foram realizadas na Praia do Forno (RJ) utilizando transectos de linha com 10 m de comprimento com 30 pontos aleatórios para quantificação das algas calcárias. Aspectos morfológicos externos foram observados no estereomicroscópio e seções histológicas preparadas para identificação dos grupos/táxons. Seis grupos morfo-funcionais foram identificados sendo quatro mais abundantes: Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) D. Keats & Y. Chamberlain dominou naregião do mesolitoral(53%)eno sublitoral(57-87%)junto à clorofícea Codium spongiosum Harvey e em locais desprovidos de outras algas, expostos à ação das ondas e alta densidade de ouriços herbívoros. Spongites sp. foi abundante próximo às fendas nas rochas do mesolitoral(39-40%). Lithophyllum sp. dominou desde o mesolitoral (44%) até o sublitoral junto à Codium (43-74%) e Sargassum (74-93%). Houve discreta variação temporal na distribuição de H. samoënse e Lithophyllum sp. Talos protuberantes em Lithophyllum dominaram em locais de maior sedimentação enquanto talos planos de H. samoënse e Spongites sp. dominaram em locais de maior herbivoria. A distribuição dos grupos morfo-funcionais nos diferentes habitats concorda com padrões associados aos distúrbios bióticos e abióticos, previstos para comunidades de costões rochosos.

Palavras-chave:
algas calcárias incrustantes; costões rochosos; distribuição; grupos morfo-funcionais; habitats

ABSTRACT

The crustose coralline algae occupy several different habitats in the rocky shores. In this study morphological characteristics of these algae were related to the influence of environmental factors. The algae collection was done at Praia do Forno (RJ) using 10 m transects lines with 30 random points to quantify coralline algae. The morphological aspects were observed by a stereomicroscope and anatomic sections were prepared to identify the groups/taxons. Six morphological groups were identified being four more abundant. Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) D. Keats & Y. Chamberlain dominated on the littoral (53%) and sublittoral zones together with the chlorophyte Codium spongiosum Harvey and on barren rocks, exposed to wave action and high density of herbivorous sea-urchins(57-87%). Spongites sp was abundant on nearby rocky crevices on the littoral zone (39-40%). Lithophyllum sp. dominated from littoral (44%) to sublitoral zones together with Codium (43-74%) and Sargassum(74-93%). There was inconspicuous seasonal variation on the distribution of H. samoënse and Lithophyllum sp. Protuberant thalli of Lithophyllum dominated in places under high sedimentation while flat thalli of H. samoënse and Spongites dominated in areas with high herbivory. The distribution of form-functional groups in different habitats agrees with patterns associated with biotic and abiotic disturbances, expected for rocky shore communities.

Keywords:
crustose coralline algae; rocky shore; distribution; form-functional groups; habitats

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AGRADECIMENTOS

Agradecemos a Derek W. Keats pela confirmação da identificação de H. samoënse, Gavin W. Maneveldt e Carmen Ras pelo apoio na microscopia eletrônica e a Paulo Ormindo pelas ilustrações dos diagramas. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq (processo nº 523245/96-3) e à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ (processo nº E-26/150.807/1999), que concederam bolsas para o primeiro autor.

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Adey, W. H. 1966. Distribution of saxicolous crustose corallines in the northwestern North Atlantic..Journal of Phycology 2: 49-54.
______. 1971. The sublittoral distribution of crustose corallines on the Norwegian coast. Sarsia 46: 41-58.
Adey, W. H. & Adey, P. J. 1973. Studies on the biosystematics and ecology of the epilithic crustose corallinaceae of the British Isles. British Phycological Journal 8: 343-407.
Adey, W. H. & Vassar, J. M. 1975. Colonization, succession and growth rates of tropical crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales). Phycologia 14: 55-69.
Figueiredo, M. A. de. O. 1997. Colonization and growth of crustose coralline algae in Abrolhos, Brazil. Proceedings of the 8^th International Coral Reef Symposium 1: 689-694.
Figueiredo, M. A. de. O., Norton, T. A. & Kain (Jones), J. M. 1997. Settlement and survival of epiphytes on two intertidal crustose coralline algae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 213: 247-260.
Figueiredo, M. A. de. O. & Steneck R. S. 2002. Floristic and ecological studies of crustose coralline algae on Brazil’s Abrolhos reefs. Proceedings of the 9^th International Coral Reef Symposium 1: 493-498.
Horta, P. A. 2002. Bases para a identificação das corallinaceas não articuladas do litoral brasileiro - uma síntese do conhecimento. Biotemas 15(1): 7-44.
Irvine, L. M. & Chamberlain, Y. M. 1994. Seaweeds of the British Isles. London: The Natural Hystory Museum.
Joly, A. B. 1965. Flora Marinha do litoral Norte do estado de São Paulo e regiões circunvizinhas. Boletim Faculdade Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo 294: 1-239.
Keats, D. W. & Chamberlain, Y. M. 1994. Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) comb. Nov. from South Africa. South Africa Journal of Botany 60(1): 8-21.
Leukart, P. 1994. Field and laboratory studieson depth dependence, seasonality and light requirement of growth in three species of crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales). Phycologia 33: 281-290.
Littler, M. M. 1972. The crustose Corallinaceae. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 10: 311-347.
Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. 1980. The evolution of thallus form and survival strategies in benthic marine macroalgae: field and laboratory tests of a functional form model. The American Naturalist 116: 25-44.
Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. 1984. Relationships between macroalgal functional form groups and substrata stability in a subtropical rocky intertidal system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 74: 13-34.
Moura, C. W. do N.; Kraus, J. E. & Cordeiro-Marino, M. 1997. Metodologia para obtenção de cortes histológicos com historresina e coloração com azul de toluidina O para algas coralináceas (Rhodophyta, Coralinales). Hoehnea 24(2): 17-27.
Naim, O.1993. Seasonal responses of a fringing reef community to eutrophication (Réunion Island, Western Indian Ocean). Marine Ecology Progress Series 99: 137-151.
Oigman-Pszczol, S. S.; Figueiredo, M. A. de O. & Creed, J. C. 2004. Distribution of benthic communities on the trpical rocky subtidal of Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology 25 (3): 173-190.
Penrose, D. & Woelkerling, W. J. 1992. A reappraisal of Hydrolithon and its relationship to Spongites (Corallinacea, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 31: 81-88.
Steneck, R. S. 1986. The ecology of coralline algal crusts: convergent patterns and adaptive strategies. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics 17: 273-303.
_____. 1990. Herbivory and the evolution of nongeniculate coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. In: Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic,(D. J.Garbary and G. R. Southed,) Springer - Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg p. 107-129.
Steneck, R. S. & Paine, R. T. 1986. Ecological and taxonomic studies of shallow-water encrusting Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta) of the boreal northeastern Pacific. Phycologia 25: 221-240.
Steneck, R. S. & Dethier, M. N. 1994. A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69: 476-498.
Steneck, R. S.; Hacker, S. D. & Dethier, M. N. 1991. Mechanisms of competitive dominance between crustose coralline algae: an herbivore-mediated competitive reversal. Ecology 72(3): 938-950.
Valentin, J. L.; Andre D. L.; Monteiro-Ribas, W. M. & Tenenbaum, D. R. 1978. Hidrologia e plancton da região costeira entre Cabo Frio e o estuário do Rio Paraíba (Brasil). Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, 127: 24.
Villas-Bôas, A. B. & Figueiredo, M. A. O. 2004. Are anti-fouling effects in coralline algae species specific? Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 52(1): 11-18.
Woelkerling, W. J. 1988. The coralline red algae: an analysis of the genera and subfamilies of nongeniculate Corallinaceae. British Museum Natural History and Oxford University Press, London and Oxford.
Woelkerling, W. J. & Campbell, S. J. 1992. An accountofsouthern Australian species of Lithophyllum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Bulletin British Museum Natural History (Botany) 22(1): 1-107.
Yoneshigue, Y. 1985. Taxonomie et ecologie des algues marines dans la region de Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brésil). These de Docteur d’Etat-Sciences thesis, Universite d’Aix-Marseille II.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
May-Aug 2005

Histórico

Recebido
Mar 2005
Aceito
Ago 2005

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

[1] Adey, W. H. 1966. Distribution of saxicolous crustose corallines in the northwestern North Atlantic..Journal of Phycology 2: 49-54.

[2] ______. 1971. The sublittoral distribution of crustose corallines on the Norwegian coast. Sarsia 46: 41-58.

[3] Adey, W. H. & Adey, P. J. 1973. Studies on the biosystematics and ecology of the epilithic crustose corallinaceae of the British Isles. British Phycological Journal 8: 343-407.

[4] Adey, W. H. & Vassar, J. M. 1975. Colonization, succession and growth rates of tropical crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Cryptonemiales). Phycologia 14: 55-69.

[5] Figueiredo, M. A. de. O. 1997. Colonization and growth of crustose coralline algae in Abrolhos, Brazil. Proceedings of the 8^th International Coral Reef Symposium 1: 689-694.

[6] Figueiredo, M. A. de. O., Norton, T. A. & Kain (Jones), J. M. 1997. Settlement and survival of epiphytes on two intertidal crustose coralline algae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 213: 247-260.

[7] Figueiredo, M. A. de. O. & Steneck R. S. 2002. Floristic and ecological studies of crustose coralline algae on Brazil’s Abrolhos reefs. Proceedings of the 9^th International Coral Reef Symposium 1: 493-498.

[8] Horta, P. A. 2002. Bases para a identificação das corallinaceas não articuladas do litoral brasileiro - uma síntese do conhecimento. Biotemas 15(1): 7-44.

[9] Irvine, L. M. & Chamberlain, Y. M. 1994. Seaweeds of the British Isles. London: The Natural Hystory Museum.

[10] Joly, A. B. 1965. Flora Marinha do litoral Norte do estado de São Paulo e regiões circunvizinhas. Boletim Faculdade Filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo 294: 1-239.

[11] Keats, D. W. & Chamberlain, Y. M. 1994. Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and Hydrolithon samoënse (Foslie) comb. Nov. from South Africa. South Africa Journal of Botany 60(1): 8-21.

[12] Leukart, P. 1994. Field and laboratory studieson depth dependence, seasonality and light requirement of growth in three species of crustose coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales). Phycologia 33: 281-290.

[13] Littler, M. M. 1972. The crustose Corallinaceae. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 10: 311-347.

[14] Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. 1980. The evolution of thallus form and survival strategies in benthic marine macroalgae: field and laboratory tests of a functional form model. The American Naturalist 116: 25-44.

[15] Littler, M. M. & Littler, D. S. 1984. Relationships between macroalgal functional form groups and substrata stability in a subtropical rocky intertidal system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 74: 13-34.

[16] Moura, C. W. do N.; Kraus, J. E. & Cordeiro-Marino, M. 1997. Metodologia para obtenção de cortes histológicos com historresina e coloração com azul de toluidina O para algas coralináceas (Rhodophyta, Coralinales). Hoehnea 24(2): 17-27.

[17] Naim, O.1993. Seasonal responses of a fringing reef community to eutrophication (Réunion Island, Western Indian Ocean). Marine Ecology Progress Series 99: 137-151.

[18] Oigman-Pszczol, S. S.; Figueiredo, M. A. de O. & Creed, J. C. 2004. Distribution of benthic communities on the trpical rocky subtidal of Armação dos Búzios, Southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology 25 (3): 173-190.

[19] Penrose, D. & Woelkerling, W. J. 1992. A reappraisal of Hydrolithon and its relationship to Spongites (Corallinacea, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 31: 81-88.

[20] Steneck, R. S. 1986. The ecology of coralline algal crusts: convergent patterns and adaptive strategies. Annual Review of Ecological Systematics 17: 273-303.

[21] _____. 1990. Herbivory and the evolution of nongeniculate coralline algae (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. In: Evolutionary Biogeography of the Marine Algae of the North Atlantic,(D. J.Garbary and G. R. Southed,) Springer - Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg p. 107-129.

[22] Steneck, R. S. & Paine, R. T. 1986. Ecological and taxonomic studies of shallow-water encrusting Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta) of the boreal northeastern Pacific. Phycologia 25: 221-240.

[23] Steneck, R. S. & Dethier, M. N. 1994. A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69: 476-498.

[24] Steneck, R. S.; Hacker, S. D. & Dethier, M. N. 1991. Mechanisms of competitive dominance between crustose coralline algae: an herbivore-mediated competitive reversal. Ecology 72(3): 938-950.

[25] Valentin, J. L.; Andre D. L.; Monteiro-Ribas, W. M. & Tenenbaum, D. R. 1978. Hidrologia e plancton da região costeira entre Cabo Frio e o estuário do Rio Paraíba (Brasil). Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Rio de Janeiro, 127: 24.

[26] Villas-Bôas, A. B. & Figueiredo, M. A. O. 2004. Are anti-fouling effects in coralline algae species specific? Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 52(1): 11-18.

[27] Woelkerling, W. J. 1988. The coralline red algae: an analysis of the genera and subfamilies of nongeniculate Corallinaceae. British Museum Natural History and Oxford University Press, London and Oxford.

[28] Woelkerling, W. J. & Campbell, S. J. 1992. An accountofsouthern Australian species of Lithophyllum (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Bulletin British Museum Natural History (Botany) 22(1): 1-107.

[29] Yoneshigue, Y. 1985. Taxonomie et ecologie des algues marines dans la region de Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brésil). These de Docteur d’Etat-Sciences thesis, Universite d’Aix-Marseille II.

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